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Muthoifin
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profetika@ums.ac.id
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+6281226371967
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profetika@ums.ac.id
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Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Jl. Ahmad Yani, Pabelan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo, 57169
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Kota surakarta,
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INDONESIA
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam
ISSN : 14110881     EISSN : 25414534     DOI : 10.23917
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam is a scientific journal published by the Postgraduate Program of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. It aims to serve as an academic platform for publishing original and innovative research findings in the field of Islamic Studies. The primary focus of this journal is to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies related to Islamic Studies.
Articles 291 Documents
Islamic–Chinese Interaction in Cap Go Meh: Ritual Resistance and Its Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Tjik Harun; Ris’an Rusli; Choirun Niswah; Reza Aprianti
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.13629

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to examine Islamic–Chinese interaction during the Cap Go Meh celebration on Kemaro Island, Palembang, by analyzing ritual resistance and cultural dialogue as mechanisms for preserving Chinese cultural identity while fostering interreligious coexistence and contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical framework: The research is grounded in theories of ritual resistance, symbolic interactionism, and multiculturalism, which explain how religious symbols, collective memory, and cultural negotiation shape social integration within plural societies. Literature review: Previous studies have primarily discussed Cap Go Meh from perspectives of tourism, cultural heritage, or Chinese identity, while limited attention has been given to its role as a site of Islamic–Chinese interaction and its relevance to sustainable development. This study addresses that gap by integrating ritual analysis with the SDGs framework. Method: Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with community leaders, religious figures, festival participants, and local residents, complemented by documentary analysis. Data were analyzed using thematic interpretation to identify patterns of symbolic interaction, ritual adaptation, and social acceptance. Results: The findings reveal that ritual symbols, including lanterns, lion dances, incense, and the legendary narrative of Siti Fatimah and Tan Bun An, function as adaptive cultural strategies rather than exclusive religious expressions. These symbols facilitate intercultural dialogue, strengthen mutual trust, and transform historical resistance into collaborative social engagement accepted by the surrounding Muslim community. Such interactions reinforce social cohesion, preserve cultural diversity, and support peaceful coexistence. Furthermore, the festival contributes directly to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by safeguarding cultural heritage and strengthening inclusive communities, and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) by promoting tolerance, dialogue, and social harmony. Implications: The findings demonstrate that local cultural traditions can serve as practical models for intercultural governance and sustainable community development in multicultural societies. Novelty: This study offers a novel perspective by conceptualizing Cap Go Meh as an adaptive arena of ritual resistance that simultaneously functions as a platform for Islamic–Chinese interaction and a cultural mechanism supporting the achievement of the SDGs.
Indonesia: Guiding Fragile Communities Toward the SDGs Amid Economic, Socio-Political, and Religious Challenges Muhammad Habibi Siregar; Dika Sahputra; Alfida; Ulpah Andayani; Fatimah Zuhrah
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.13693

Abstract

Objective: This study examines how Indonesia guides fragile communities toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) amid persistent economic, socio-political, and religious challenges during the post-reform era. Theoretical framework: The study is grounded in the theoretical framework of social resilience, human security, and sustainable development, which emphasizes the interaction between institutional capacity, inclusive governance, and community adaptability in addressing structural vulnerabilities. Literature review: Previous studies have primarily discussed Indonesia’s democratic transition, poverty reduction, religious pluralism, and economic inequality as separate issues. However, limited scholarship has integrated these dimensions into a comprehensive transdisciplinary framework that explains how economic, political, and religious factors collectively influence the resilience of fragile communities and progress toward the SDGs. Method: This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using document analysis of government reports, socioeconomic indicators, academic literature, and policy documents. The collected data were analyzed through thematic content analysis to identify patterns of interaction among governance, social welfare, economic recovery, and religious cohesion. Results: The findings demonstrate that Indonesia has made significant progress in democratic consolidation and poverty alleviation, yet substantial disparities remain across regions and vulnerable populations. Economic instability, political polarization, and socio-religious tensions continue to hinder equitable development and community resilience. The study further reveals that integrated governance combining inclusive public policies, equitable economic opportunities, social protection, and interreligious collaboration contributes substantially to strengthening fragile communities and accelerating SDG implementation. Implications: The implications suggest that policymakers should adopt transdisciplinary and community-centered strategies that simultaneously address structural inequality, democratic participation, and social cohesion. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in proposing an integrated analytical framework linking economic resilience, democratic governance, and religious inclusiveness as interconnected determinants of fragile community empowerment, thereby offering a holistic perspective for advancing sustainable development in Indonesia and other pluralistic developing countries.
A Critical Study of Disparities in Charity Hadith: An Isnād-cum-Matn Analysis of Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim Yazeed Ghinan Abdullah; Yusuf Rahman
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.13864

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the wording disparity between the charity (ṣadaqah) hadiths narrated in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, focusing on the expressions “the left hand does not know what the right hand has given” and “the right hand does not know what the left hand has given.” It aims to determine whether this textual variation affects the authenticity, transmission history, and semantic interpretation of the hadith. Theoretical framework: The research is grounded in the Isnāḍ Cum Matn (ICM) approach, which integrates transmission-chain criticism with textual analysis to reconstruct the historical development of hadith narrations and identify patterns of textual variation. Literature review: Previous studies have predominantly examined hadith authenticity through either isnād criticism or matn analysis independently. Limited scholarship has systematically combined both approaches to explain wording disparities within canonical collections, leaving the historical origins and significance of such variations insufficiently explored. Method: This qualitative study employs the Isnāḍ Cum Matn method by tracing transmission routes across pre-canonical, canonical, and post-canonical hadith collections. Comparative analysis of isnād networks and matn variants is conducted to identify the Real Common Link (RCL), evaluate transmission consistency, and examine semantic implications. Results: The analysis identifies Malik bin Anas (179H) as the Real Common Link within the transmission network. The dominant wording, “the left hand does not know what the right hand has given,” appears in multiple authoritative transmission routes, whereas the alternative wording preserved in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim is supported by comparatively fewer narrators. The disparity therefore reflects a limited textual variation associated with specific transmission pathways rather than a contradiction or deficiency in authenticity. Both narrations remain acceptable within the broader hadith tradition. Implications: The findings reinforce the importance of integrating isnād and matn analysis to produce a more historical, contextual, and systematic understanding of hadith transmission and textual diversity. Novelty: This study demonstrates how the Isnāḍ Cum Matn approach effectively explains wording disparities within the two most authoritative Sunni hadith collections by identifying their historical transmission patterns without undermining their authenticity.
Zakat Fatwa in the Digital Economy: Reaffirming Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘ah Within the SDGs Framework Ryan Bianda; Ahmad Nuh; Adam Sugiarto; Kalfajrin Kurniaji
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.13940

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to examine how the 2024 Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) fatwa on zakat for YouTubers, influencers, and other digital creative workers reconstructs Islamic legal reasoning in response to the expanding digital economy while contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical framework: The study is grounded in the theoretical framework of maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, Islamic social finance, socio-legal theory, and regulatory governance, positioning fatwa as a dynamic legal instrument that integrates religious values with contemporary socio-economic realities. Literature review: Existing studies have extensively discussed professional zakat, Islamic philanthropy, and digital economic transformation; however, limited attention has been given to the socio-legal implications of digital zakat fatwas and their relationship with sustainable development. Method: Employing a qualitative socio-legal research design, the study combines normative juridical and sociological approaches through documentary analysis of the 2024 MUI fatwa and relevant literature on Islamic economic law, Islamic social finance, and digital governance. Results: The findings demonstrate that the fatwa contextualizes classical income zakat principles by recognizing digital professions as legitimate zakatable occupations based on lawful earnings and ethical content creation. This legal adaptation expands the resource base of Islamic social finance, enhances financial inclusion, and reinforces contributions to poverty alleviation, decent work, reduced inequalities, and accountable institutions in line with the SDGs. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that digital zakat functions as an ethical governance mechanism linking theology, public policy, and financial technology while embedding maqāṣid-oriented values into emerging digital business ecosystems. Implications: The study implies that adaptive Islamic legal interpretation can strengthen sustainable economic governance in rapidly evolving digital societies. Novelty: Its novelty lies in conceptualizing the digital zakat fatwa not merely as a doctrinal religious opinion but as an innovative socio-legal regulatory framework that advances faith-based sustainability, ethical digital entrepreneurship, and institutional transformation within the contemporary Islamic digital economy.
Decolonizing Muslim Parents' Digital Literacy: A Local Wisdom Approach to Strengthening Family-Based Tarbiyah in the Technological Era Maidatus Sa'diyah; Siti Rofiáh; Burhanuddin Ridlwan; Ali Saíd; Mohammad Nur Salim; Sholihul Anshori; Wawan Herry Setyawan
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.13983

Abstract

Objective: This research aims to explore the decolonization of digital literacy among Muslim parents through a local wisdom approach to strengthen family-based tarbiyah in the technological era, specifically addressing how Islamic values and pesantren educational principles can enhance parents' capacity for digital discernment while safeguarding children from negative digital influences. Theoretical framework: This study is grounded in Critical Pedagogy by Paulo Freire and the Integration-Interconnection paradigm by Amin Abdullah, combined with the Islamic concept of ta'dib by Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Literature review: Current digital literacy frameworks often replicate Western-centric paradigms without integrating local wisdom or Islamic tarbiyah principles. Previous research indicates the critical role of parental digital literacy in children's educational success, yet rarely addresses cultural and religious dimensions specific to Muslim families in Indonesia. The rapid proliferation of digital media presents unique challenges for Muslim families, particularly in preserving Islamic values and fostering ethical digital citizenship within the family unit. Methods: This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with case study design. While this study primarily employs a qualitative approach, descriptive quantitative data were also collected as supporting evidence through pre- and post-training assessments. This supplementary data was utilized to objectively measure the immediate effectiveness of the training program and to triangulate the qualitative findings Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 Muslim parents from LKSA Ar-Ridlo Peterongan Jombang who participated in digital literacy training programs, supplemented by observations and documentation analysis using thematic analysis. Results: The findings demonstrate a 70% improvement in parents' digital literacy scores after training (average increase of 33 points). The integration of pesantren educational principles and Islamic local wisdom significantly enhanced parents' capacity to guide children's digital engagement while maintaining tarbiyah values. Key improvements include: 85% of parents became confident in using online learning platforms, 80% able to set parental controls, 90% actively monitor screen time, and 88% regularly discuss digital ethics with children. Implications: This research offers a practical framework for developing culturally sensitive digital literacy programs that align with SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions). The framework repositions Islamic education as a transformative force in the digital age, with implications extending to philosophical, pedagogical, cultural, and structural dimensions of family-based tarbiyah. Novelty: The novelty lies in the integration of decolonial theory with Islamic tarbiyah principles and Indonesian local wisdom to create a Decolonized Digital Literacy Framework for Muslim Parents (DDLMP), which has not been extensively explored in previous research. This framework provides an alternative to Western-centric digital literacy paradigms by centering Islamic epistemology and Indonesian cultural values.
Fear of Missing Out and e-WOM as Drivers of Impulsive Buying: Evidence from Muslim Gen Z's Purchase Intentions on TikTok in Support of the SDGs Adinda Nur Fitria; Afifah Nur Millatina; Sri Cahyaning Umi Salama
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.14116

Abstract

Objective: This study examines the influence of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) on Impulsive Buying behavior among Generation Z, with Purchase Intention serving as a mediating variable. It also evaluates the implications of these relationships for sustainable consumption in support of SDG 12 and SDG 8. Theoretical framework: The research is grounded in consumer behavior theory, stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) theory, and social influence theory, which explain how emotional and informational stimuli shape purchase intentions and impulsive buying decisions in digital commerce. Literature review: Previous studies have established that FOMO and e-WOM significantly influence online purchasing behavior. However, empirical findings remain inconsistent regarding their direct effects on impulsive buying, while the mediating role of Purchase Intention has received limited attention, particularly among Muslim Generation Z consumers in social commerce environments. Methods: A quantitative research design was employed using an online survey involving 212 respondents selected through accidental sampling. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS to evaluate both direct and indirect relationships among the proposed constructs. Results: The findings indicate that FOMO significantly influences both Purchase Intention and Impulsive Buying. In contrast, e-WOM has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention but does not directly affect Impulsive Buying. Purchase Intention positively influences Impulsive Buying and partially mediates the relationships between FOMO, e-WOM, and Impulsive Buying, although the mediation effect is relatively weak. Implications: The findings provide practical insights for e-commerce platforms, digital marketers, and policymakers to develop responsible marketing strategies that reduce emotionally driven purchasing behavior while supporting sustainable consumption and economic development aligned with SDG 12 and SDG 8. Novelty: This study contributes by integrating FOMO, e-WOM, Purchase Intention, and Impulsive Buying into a single SEM-PLS model while highlighting the mediating role of Purchase Intention among Muslim Generation Z consumers within the context of digital commerce and sustainable development.
The Synergy of Islamic Education and Sufism in Fostering Religious Moderation and Preserving Local Culture to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals: A Study at Pesantren Tebuireng Jasminto; Siti Rofi'ah; Muath Khalil Amayreh
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.14246

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to examine the integration of religious moderation and local cultural preservation through the synergy of Islamic education and Sufi (tasawuf) values at Pesantren Tebuireng in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical framework: The research is grounded in theories of religious moderation, Islamic education, Sufi spirituality, and cultural preservation, emphasizing the interconnectedness of spiritual development, social harmony, and local wisdom. Literature review: Previous studies have discussed religious moderation, pesantren education, and local cultural sustainability independently; however, limited research has comprehensively explored how tasawuf-based Islamic education simultaneously strengthens moderate religious attitudes and preserves local cultural traditions within a formal educational institution. Method: This study employs a qualitative approach using literature analysis, document review, in-depth interviews with pesantren leaders, educators, and students, as well as participant observations of educational activities and cultural practices. The collected data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify patterns of value integration and educational implementation. Results: The findings reveal that integrating Sufi teachings into Islamic education effectively cultivates religious moderation by promoting tolerance, compassion, humility, and mutual respect while reinforcing the preservation of local cultural traditions through religious rituals, communal practices, and cultural appreciation. These educational practices strengthen students' spiritual character, social responsibility, and cultural resilience, contributing directly to SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Implications: The study provides a practical educational model for policymakers and Islamic educational institutions seeking to balance religious values with cultural sustainability and peaceful coexistence. Novelty: This research offers a comprehensive institutional model demonstrating how tasawuf-based Islamic education harmonizes religious moderation with local cultural preservation, presenting a replicable framework for strengthening spiritual character and cultural resilience in diverse educational contexts.
Maqashid Sharia and Penal Mediation in Achieving the SDGs: A Study of Domestic Violence Dudung Abdul Razak; Faisal Efendi; Afrikal Candra; Lili Suarni; Musa Zulkifli; Nurlaila Nurlaila
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.14649

Abstract

Objective: Domestic violence is a complex issue involving various social, legal, moral aspects and sdgs. Therefore, its handling requires a comprehensive approach based on the principles of justice and humanity. This issue not only threatens family harmony but also contradicts the principles of public interest in Islamic law. Theoretical framework: From the perspective of Maqashid Sharia, the protection of domestic violence victims has a strong foundation, namely the preservation of life (hifz an-nafs), honor (hifz al-'irdh), and lineage (hifz an-nasl), which are the main objectives of Islamic law. Literature review: Domestic violence is increasingly common in today's society. The increasing number of cases in court, lack of understanding, and the numerous channels available make victims reluctant to file a complaint. Methods: This study uses the library research method with a normative approach through literature study to analyze the relationship between Maqashid Sharia and penal mediation in the context of domestic violence.  Results: The settlement of domestic violence cases is carried out through criminal procedural law, in accordance with Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law, as well as other related laws, such as Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence (PKDRT Law). In this case, the settlement efforts made by the Court are in line with the objectives of Sharia, namely to provide protection for the five main principles in Islam, namely: preserving religion, life, reason, lineage, and property. The concept of penal mediation can be an alternative in resolving domestic violence cases, as it is based on restorative justice, which aims to provide justice by creating a balance between the victim and the perpetrator, as well as finding a win-win solution. Penal mediation is also expected to be a solution to various problems in the Indonesian criminal justice system. Implications: The implication of this study is the need to increase education and socialization regarding the PKDRT Law for the community and related agencies, so that women will be more courageous in reporting acts of violence they experience. The public is expected to play an active role in addressing and preventing domestic violence. Novelty: The novelty of this article examines how penal mediation and Maqashid Sharia are applied in domestic violence cases. It lies in the path taken by the husband and wife in this case. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) the resolution of domestic violence cases in Indonesia can be seen as part of efforts to achieve several relevant goals, including SDGs 5 (Gender Equality) and SDGs 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).
Contemporary Implications of Ibn Sina's Epistemology for Islamic Political Leadership in the Indonesian Context Ushansyah; Normuslim; Muhammad Taufiq; Olis
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.14745

Abstract

Objective: This article aims to examine Ibn Sina's epistemological and metaphysical foundations in constructing the concept of political authority within the Islamic intellectual tradition, with particular emphasis on al-Raʾīs al-Awwal as the ideal model of prophetic leadership. Theoretical framework: The study is grounded in Ibn Sina's theory of knowledge, metaphysics, and political philosophy, emphasizing the interaction between reason, revelation, and ethical governance. Literature review: Previous studies have predominantly discussed Ibn Sina's epistemology from philosophical and theological perspectives, whereas limited attention has been given to its political implications and its application to modern Islamic leadership, particularly within Indonesia's democratic and pluralistic society. Method: This study employs qualitative library research using a hermeneutical and interpretive analytical approach. Classical and contemporary sources are critically examined to reconstruct Ibn Sina's political epistemology and evaluate its contemporary significance. Results: The study demonstrates that genuine knowledge is attained through the illumination of the human intellect by the Active Intellect. Prophets possess the highest degree of intellectual and spiritual perfection, enabling them to receive comprehensive knowledge and establish legitimate authority. This epistemological foundation generates a rational-prophetic leadership model characterized by intellectual excellence, ethical integrity, independent reasoning, justice, public accountability, and unwavering commitment to people-centered governance. Such leadership provides a philosophical response to challenges including identity politics, abuse of power, declining political ethics, and digital populism. Implications: These findings offer a normative framework for strengthening ethical political leadership, governance, and public trust within contemporary Indonesian Islamic politics. Novelty: This article reconstructs Ibn Sina's epistemological and metaphysical thought into a contemporary rational-prophetic leadership model centered on al-Raʾīs al-Awwal, integrating philosophical principles with practical political ethics and authentic personal leadership for democratic governance.
Trends in Islamic Education Models for Promoting Tolerance in Multicultural Contexts Heru Wibowo; Bunyamin; Mohamad Ali
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 27 No. 03 (2026): Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v27i03.15044

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to examine global research trends, intellectual structures, and future directions concerning IRE learning models that promote tolerance through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. The growing cultural and religious diversity of contemporary societies has intensified the need to integrate multicultural values into Islamic Religious Education (IRE) to cultivate tolerance and peaceful coexistence. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework integrates multiculturalism theory, Islamic pedagogy, and cross-cultural competence to explain how inclusive educational practices strengthen intercultural understanding and religious moderation. Literature review: Previous studies have emphasized the importance of multicultural education in reducing prejudice and fostering social harmony; however, they remain fragmented, predominantly localized, and rarely provide a comprehensive mapping of global scholarly developments. Method: To address this gap, this study employs a bibliometric approach using Scopus-indexed publications filtered through the PRISMA 2020 protocol. A total of 459 eligible articles were analyzed using the Bibliometrix package and Biblioshiny interface in RStudio to examine publication growth, citation patterns, collaboration networks, thematic evolution, and emerging research trends. Results: The findings reveal a substantial increase in publications after 2020, indicating growing scholarly attention to multicultural Islamic education. Social sciences emerged as the dominant disciplinary field, while Indonesia contributed the largest number of publications and demonstrated expanding international collaboration, particularly with Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Thematic analysis identifies multiculturalism, tolerance, and multicultural education as established research clusters, whereas humanistic education, intercultural competence, and cultural-religious awareness represent promising future research directions. Implications: These findings imply that policymakers, curriculum developers, and educators should strengthen inclusive pedagogical approaches that integrate multicultural competencies into IRE curricula to support sustainable social cohesion. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in proposing an integrated conceptual framework that synthesizes multiculturalism theory, Islamic pedagogy, and cross-cultural competence, providing a comprehensive reference for future research and educational policy aimed at fostering tolerance in increasingly pluralistic societies while contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.