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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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E. coli Strains in Iraq Show High Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Potential: Strain E. coli di Irak Menunjukkan Resistensi Antibiotik yang Tinggi dan Potensi Virulensi Abeer Hadi Farhood; Amena Lafeta Muttlaq; Teeba T. Khudair
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9868

Abstract

General Background: Escherichia coli is a widely distributed species that includes strains ranging from highly pathogenic to harmless avirulent isolates, often found in the human gut. Specific Background: E. coli pathogenicity is determined by virulence factors like adhesins, invasins, toxins, and capsules, which are often transferred horizontally via phages and plasmids. Knowledge Gap: Despite advancements in understanding E. coli virulence, there is a need to further understand genetic factors contributing to urinary tract infections, especially in regions with high antibiotic resistance. Aims: The study investigated the prevalence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in E. coli strains from UTI patients at Al Hussien Teaching Hospital in Iraq. Results: The study reveals the presence of specific virulence genes in UPEC strains from a specific region, suggesting the potential involvement of the pap AH gene in UTI pathogenesis. Novelty: This study reports the prevalence of specific virulence genes in UPEC strains from a specific region, indicating the potential role of the pap AH gene in UTI pathogenesis. Implications: The study indicates that UPEC strains, characterized by high virulence factors like pap AH, are promising vaccine targets, necessitating further research for effective prevention strategies. Highlights: E. coli strains show high antibiotic resistance in UTI patients. pap AH gene is crucial for UPEC virulence. Virulence factors like pap AH are potential vaccine targets. Keywords: E. coli, UTI, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, pap AH gene
Elevated Cadmium Drives Calcium Deficiency in Renal Failure Patients: Peningkatan Kadmium Menyebabkan Kekurangan Kalsium pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Mostafa Salim Mohammed
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9869

Abstract

Background: Renal failure (RF) is a significant health issue with various etiological factors, including environmental toxins. Specific Background: Cadmium (Cd), a known toxic heavy metal, has been implicated in renal damage, while calcium (Ca) levels may also be affected. Knowledge Gap: The relationship between Cadmium and Calcium levels in RF patients, despite the well-established link between heavy metals and renal impairment, remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate changes in blood serum Cd and Ca levels in RF patients and investigate their correlation. Methods: The study, conducted in Iraq from July 2023 to February 2024, involved 150 participants, including 100 RF patients and 50 healthy controls, and used Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for analysis. Results: The mean Cd level was significantly higher in RF patients (2.30 µg/L) compared to controls (1.44 µg/L, P < 0.05). Conversely, the mean Ca level in RF patients was significantly lower (36.06 mg/dL) compared to controls (51.85 mg/dL, P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation between Cd and Ca levels was found (P ≤ 0.001). Novelty: This study provides novel insights into the detrimental impact of elevated Cd levels on Ca status in RF patients. Implications: The study underscores the necessity of controlling Cd exposure and Ca levels in renal function (RF) management to mitigate its environmental impact on renal health. Highlights: Higher Cd Levels: Increased cadmium in RF patients. Lower Ca Levels: Decreased calcium in RF patients. Negative Correlation: Cadmium inversely affects calcium levels. Keywords: Cadmium, Calcium, Renal Failure, Heavy Metals, Blood Serum
Honey Enhances Antibiotic Effectiveness Against Urinary Tract Infections: Madu Meningkatkan Efektivitas Antibiotik Terhadap Infeksi Saluran Kemih Lamyaa Gh. Fejer; Ghaidaa S. Hameed; Mayssam Hussein Mohammed Ali; Orooba Al-Hammood
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9870

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent across all ages and genders and pose significant treatment challenges, often requiring alternative therapeutic approaches due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Specific Background: The study examines the impact of antibiotics and honey on bacterial UTIs, revealing 17 cases, primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Knowledge Gap: The study evaluates the effectiveness of honey in combining antibiotics with anise and spring flower honey, focusing on its potential to enhance antimicrobial effects in UTIs. Results: Biochemical analysis and VITEK diagnostics revealed significant bacterial growth. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed varied effectiveness, with spring flower honey enhancing the activity of nitrofurantoin (35%), trimethoprim (17.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.5%), tetracycline, and norfloxacin (35.2%). Anise honey also demonstrated notable synergistic effects, particularly with norfloxacin (47%) and tetracycline (41%). Novelty: This study highlights the potential of combining honey with antibiotics to combat UTIs, offering new insights into alternative treatment strategies and demonstrating significant synergy with specific antibiotics. Implications: The findings suggest that incorporating honey into UTI treatments could improve therapeutic outcomes and help mitigate the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. Further research is needed to identify active compounds in honey and optimize their use with antibiotics. Highlights: Enhanced Efficacy: Honey boosts antibiotic effectiveness against UTIs. Resistance Solution: Combines honey to counteract antibiotic resistance. Honey Variability: Different honeys show varied synergistic effects. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Antibiotics, Honey, Synergistic Effect, Antibiotic Resistance
Effect the Nanoparticles of Fe2O3 and CuO to Increasing the Activity of Sulfadiazine Against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Pengaruh Nanopartikel Fe2O3 dan CuO untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Sulfadiazin Terhadap Pseudomonas Aeruginosa yang Resisten Terhadap Berbagai Jenis Obat Ali Jaffar Saleem
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9902

Abstract

General Background: Antibiotic resistance is a critical global health issue, and innovative approaches are needed to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Specific Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance antibiotic efficacy and reduce resistance. Knowledge Gap: However, there is limited understanding of how metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) like Fe2O3 and CuO can be utilized to improve the performance of antibiotics such as sulfadiazine. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles, conjugate them with sulfadiazine, and evaluate their antibacterial efficacy against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical precipitation, with Fe2O3 and CuO having mean crystal sizes of 41.40 nm and 44.83 nm, respectively. When bound to sulfadiazine, the crystal sizes were 42.62 nm (Fe2O3) and 38.77 nm (CuO). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for sulfadiazine-bound CuO and Fe2O3 NPs ranged from 16-32 μg/ml, significantly lower than the 64-128 μg/ml observed for standard sulfadiazine. Hemolysis assays confirmed the biocompatibility of these nanocomposites at tested concentrations. Novelty: The study reveals that Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles significantly enhance sulfadiazine's antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa, suggesting a potential method to bypass traditional resistance mechanisms. Implications: The study suggests that nanoparticle-conjugated antibiotics could be a promising solution for combating antibiotic resistance, potentially reducing its negative impact on public health. Highlights: Nanoparticles reduce sulfadiazine's MIC against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles enhance antibiotic efficacy. Hemolysis assays confirm nanocomposites' safety and biocompatibility. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Antibiotic Resistance, Fe2O3 Nanoparticles, CuO Nanoparticles, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Management and Outcomes of Severe Submergence in Second Premolar: Penanganan dan Hasil dari Submergensi Parah pada Premolar Kedua Wanda Karisma Dian Sari; Windy Yuliartanti; Eka Setyawardana
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9919

Abstract

General Background: The early loss of primary molars is a prevalent dental issue that can lead to significant occlusal disturbances, including space reduction and misalignment of permanent teeth. Specific Background: Submergence of the second permanent molar following premature exfoliation of primary molars exacerbates these issues, complicating the eruption pattern and dental arch integrity. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing treatment modalities, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of specific appliances in managing severe submergence cases in pediatric patients. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Gerber Space Regainer in restoring lost space and correcting the alignment of submerged second premolars in a pediatric patient. Results: A 10-year-old patient experiencing significant space loss due to premature exfoliation of tooth 85 was treated with a Gerber Space Regainer. Over a 7-week period, the appliance successfully regained 8 mm of space, with notable uprighting of the affected premolar, achieving complete recovery of the dental arch. Novelty: This case report highlights the practical application and success of the Gerber Space Regainer, emphasizing its efficiency in a short time frame, which has not been extensively documented in similar clinical scenarios. Implications: The findings suggest that the Gerber Space Regainer is an effective and reliable option for managing complex orthodontic cases involving submergence and space loss, contributing to the enhancement of treatment protocols in pediatric dentistry. Highlights: Effective space recovery: The Gerber Space Regainer successfully restored 8 mm of lost dental arch space in 7 weeks. Improved alignment: The treatment led to the uprighting of the submerged second premolar, ensuring proper occlusion. Pediatric applicability: The appliance demonstrated high efficiency and compliance in a young patient, showcasing its potential in pediatric cases. Keywords: Premature Loss, Space Regainer, Submergence, Second Premolar, Eruption Disturbance
Xylazine-Ketamine Outperforms Diazepam-Ketamine in Rabbit Anesthesia: Xylazine-Ketamin Mengungguli Diazepam-Ketamin dalam Anestesi Kelinci Mohammed R. Abduljaleel
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.9969

Abstract

Background: Limited research on the effects of ketamine combinations on rabbit anesthesia underscores the need for safe and effective injectable methods. Specific Background: This study compares the efficacy and safety of two anesthetic combinations—xylazine-ketamine and diazepam-ketamine —in rabbits to address this gap. Knowledge Gap: Ketamine combinations are commonly used in rabbits, but there is limited data on their effects on analgesic properties and anesthesia duration. Aims: The study assesses the onset of righting reflex loss, analgesia duration, recumbency duration, and standing attempts in rabbits treated with XK and DK. Results: Ten healthy rabbits were administered XK (5 mg xylazine and 10 mg ketamine per kg) or DK (1 mg diazepam and 30 mg ketamine per kg) intramuscularly. The study found no significant difference in OLRR between the groups. Only XK produced significant analgesia (OA: 4.5±0.2 min, DA: 45.1±1.9 min), while DK showed no analgesic effect. DR and ATS were significantly shorter in XK (56.1±3.1 min and 7.3±0.7 min) compared to DK (121.1±7.5 min and 25.3±1.2 min). Novelty: The study compares XK and DK in rabbits, finding XK provides superior analgesia and faster recovery times, while DK is ineffective for pain management. Implications: The study indicates that XK is more effective for analgesic procedures, while DK is recommended for painful treatments with additional analgesics. Highlights: XK Provides Analgesia: Only Xylazine-Ketamine offers significant pain relief. Shorter Recovery Time: XK results in quicker recovery compared to DK. DK Needs Supplement: Diazepam-Ketamine requires additional analgesics for pain management. Keywords: Anesthesia, Xylazine-Ketamine, Diazepam-Ketamine, Rabbits, Analgesia
Premarital Screening Uncovers Alarming Health Risks in Iraq: Pemeriksaan Pranikah Mengungkap Risiko Kesehatan yang Mengkhawatirkan di Irak Qammar Shaker Hmood; Rawa Abdulkareem Abd; Riam Yousfe Muttair; Mohammed Jabbar Mohammed; Hayder Fadhil Okab
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10014

Abstract

Background: Premarital screening programs, implemented globally since the 1970s, aim to improve reproductive health outcomes by identifying potential genetic and infectious risks before marriage. Specific Background: In July 2013, the Thi-Qar Governorate in Iraq introduced a premarital screening program to enhance health outcomes for pregnant women and their offspring. However, regional data on the efficacy and impact of such programs remain limited. Knowledge Gap: The prevalence and distribution of blood disorders and infectious diseases among couples in this region, and their implications for public health, have not been extensively documented. Aims: This study evaluates the pathophysiological status of couples undergoing premarital screening in Nasiriyah, Iraq, focusing on the prevalence of blood disorders and infectious diseases. Results: Data from 14,190 individuals (7095 couples) collected from January to December 2023 revealed significant health concerns: 34.40% had hemoglobin levels below 12 gm/dl, and notable percentages carried thalassemia and sickle cell anemia genes. Gender-specific analysis showed that all males tested positive for HIV, while significant proportions of females tested positive for HCV and T. palladium. No significant differences were found in the ABO blood system. Novelty: This study provides comprehensive, region-specific data on premarital screening outcomes in Iraq, highlighting significant disparities in disease prevalence between sexes and compared to other regions. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of enhancing premarital screening programs and integrating educational and preventive measures. Future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of these screenings and explore the benefits of incorporating genetic counseling to further mitigate hereditary and infectious risks. Highlights: High prevalence of blood disorders and infections in couples. Gender differences: all males positive for HIV, significant female infections. Need for improved education and prevention measures. Keywords: Premarital Screening, Hemoglobinopathies, Infectious Diseases, Nasiriyah, Iraq
Revolutionizing Postpartum Hemorrhage Prediction with Insights from Iraq: Revolusi Prediksi Perdarahan Pascapersalinan dengan Wawasan dari Irak Ola Abdullah Alshaibani; Zahraa Khudair Husein
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10016

Abstract

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a severe complication affecting women with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, yet predictive models for PPH in this population remain underdeveloped. Specific Background: Existing studies have not adequately addressed the combined influence of antepartum and intrapartum factors on the predictability of PPH. Knowledge Gap: There is a lack of comprehensive models integrating both antepartum and intrapartum variables to predict PPH risk in women with gestational hypertension or mild preeclampsia. Aims: The study investigates the predictability of preeclampsia (PPH) in women with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia at term using logistic regression models incorporating both antepartum and intrapartum factors. Methods: The study, conducted in Karbala, Iraq, involved 1252 women with hypertension or preeclampsia, developed two logistic regression models, and assessed their predictive efficacy using receiver operating characteristic analysis and calibration techniques. Results: A study found that 168 participants (10.4%) experienced preterm pregnancies, with antepartum predictors including maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and preeclampsia, and intrapartum factors like gestational age and labor duration. Novelty: The study introduces a novel predictive model for Pregnancy-Positive Hypertension (PPH) that integrates antepartum and intrapartum variables for risk assessment in high-risk populations. Implications: The study suggests that combining antepartum and intrapartum variables can improve risk stratification and preventive measures, requiring further refinement for improved maternal care outcomes. Highlights: Antepartum and intrapartum variables enhance PPH prediction accuracy. Model B outperforms antepartum-only model in predicting PPH. Results stress need for improved risk stratification and prevention strategies. Keywords: postpartum hemorrhage, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, predictive modeling, logistic regression
Self Adjustment Processes of UMSIDA Students in HIMMPAS Organization: Proses Penyesuaian Diri Mahasiswa UMSIDA di Organisasi HIMMPAS Laili Yusriah; Ramon Ananda Paryontri
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10034

Abstract

General Background Entering a new organizational environment requires individuals to develop self-adjustment processes to manage personal demands, social expectations, and environmental pressures. Specific Background University students who join student activity units with complex structures and diverse cultural backgrounds, such as the HIMMPAS organization at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, encounter distinct challenges related to social interaction, physical demands, and organizational rules. Knowledge Gap Previous studies on student self-adjustment have predominantly employed quantitative approaches, resulting in limited exploration of students’ lived experiences and personal meaning-making processes within student organizations. Aims This study aims to analyze the self-adjustment experiences of UMSIDA students who participate in the HIMMPAS student activity unit. Results The findings reveal that students demonstrated self-adjustment through adaptation, conformity, and mastery, as reflected in their ability to manage social interactions, comply with organizational norms, and regulate personal behavior when facing demands and tensions. Although minor social interaction constraints were identified in one participant, both participants showed constructive responses toward organizational challenges. Novelty This study provides an in-depth phenomenological account of student self-adjustment within a nature-lover student organization context. Implications The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of student adjustment processes in extracurricular organizations and may inform the development of supportive organizational environments in higher education institutions. Highlights: Participants demonstrated varied personal strategies in managing organizational demands and social dynamics. Behavioral regulation supported students in responding constructively to internal and external pressures. Lived experiences revealed meaningful adaptation within a complex extracurricular setting. Keywords: Self Adjustment, Phenomenological Study, Student Organization, Himmpas, University Students
Assessing Nurses' Knowledge on Medication to Reduce Errors in Iraq: Menilai Pengetahuan Perawat tentang Pengobatan untuk Mengurangi Kesalahan di Irak Wasfi Dhahir Abid Ali; Dhuha Radhi Hashoosh; Husain Sameer Mishet; Samahir Hameed Sabri; Maher A. Atiyah
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10045

Abstract

General background: Administering and preparing medications are fundamental aspects of nursing practice that significantly influence patient outcomes. Specific background: Medication errors during preparation or administration can lead to adverse effects, and assessing nurses' knowledge in this area is crucial for improving patient safety. Knowledge gap: Limited studies have examined the specific knowledge of nurses in Iraq, particularly in Basra hospitals, regarding these practices. Aims: This study aims to assess the knowledge of nurses in Basra Governorate hospitals concerning medication preparation and administration, identifying areas for improvement to enhance patient care. Results: The study surveyed 70 nurses (55.71% female and 44.28% male), with 47.1% holding a BSc in nursing sciences, 28.57% with a diploma, and 24.28% from secondary nursing schools. Regarding experience, 31.42% had less than one year, and 30% had 1-5 years of experience. Participants worked across emergency, internal medicine, surgery, and other departments. Nurses demonstrated a significant mean score of 1.84 in knowledge regarding drug preparation practices and a score of 1.74 in knowledge regarding drug administration, both indicating satisfactory understanding but with variability across departments. Novelty: This study provides specific data on nurses' knowledge in Basra hospitals, a region that has not been extensively studied in the context of medication management errors. Implications: These findings suggest that while nurses possess adequate knowledge of drug preparation and administration, continued education and training, especially for less experienced nurses, may further enhance patient safety. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions in Basra to address gaps in clinical practice and reduce medication errors. Highlights: Medication errors directly affect patient outcomes and treatment effectiveness. Nurses’ knowledge varies by experience and department in Basra hospitals. Continuous training improves medication safety and patient care quality. Keywords: Nursing knowledge, medication errors, drug preparation, drug administration, Basra hospitals.

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