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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Rising Cases of Hb H Disease in Iraq Highlight the Urgent Need for Pre-Pregnancy Screening: Meningkatnya Kasus Penyakit Hb H di Irak Menyoroti Kebutuhan Mendesak untuk Skrining Pra-Kehamilan Afak Rasheed Salman Zaidi
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10066

Abstract

General background: Hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease results from mutations in three of the four α-globin genes, leading to α-thalassemia. Specific background: In Iraq, this condition is rare among alpha-thalassemia cases. The disease presents significant hematological abnormalities, impacting quality of life. Knowledge gap: Despite its rarity, few studies have characterized the hematopathological features and prevalence of Hb H disease in specific Iraqi regions. Aims: This study aimed to assess the hematological parameters and prevalence of Hb H disease among patients in Diyala province, Iraq. Results: A total of 81 patients with Hb H disease (53.18% male, 46.91% female) were registered at the Baqubah Teaching Hospital in 2023. Median patient age was 21.8 years (range 4-48). Hematological analysis revealed consistently low levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) compared to standard values. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was also significantly reduced, with 58.02% of patients presenting Hb levels below 10 g/dL. The 21-40 age group had the highest incidence (46.91%). Novelty: This study is among the few to investigate Hb H disease prevalence and hematopathological characteristics in Diyala province, revealing an unexpectedly high incidence in the 21-40 age group. Implications: These findings suggest that hematological parameters, including MCV and Hb levels, should be considered in thalassemia screening programs, particularly in pre-pregnancy assessments, to prevent the birth of children with severe forms of alpha-thalassemia and reduce Hb H disease prevalence. Highlights: Hb H disease shows low hemoglobin and MCV abnormalities. Highest incidence occurs in patients aged 21-40 years. Pre-pregnancy screening reduces severe alpha-thalassemia risk. Keywords: Hb H disease, alpha-thalassemia, hematological parameters, Diyala province, prevalence
Environmental and Health Impacts Resulting From Burning Solid Waste Near Residential Areas in Diyala Governorate, Iraq: Dampak Lingkungan dan Kesehatan Akibat Pembakaran Limbah Padat di Dekat Kawasan Pemukiman di Kegubernuran Diyala, Irak Abdulwahab Abdulrazaq Jbara
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10088

Abstract

General Background: Rapid development, population growth, and improper disposal of municipal solid waste are prevalent issues in developing countries, leading to significant environmental and health challenges. Specific Background: In Iraq’s Diyala Governorate, the absence of integrated waste management exacerbates pollution through waste burning and heavy metal contamination, posing risks to nearby residential areas. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have addressed waste management in developing countries, there is limited research on how local waste disposal practices impact air, soil, and water quality in specific areas of Diyala. Aims: This study evaluates the air quality and levels of heavy metals in soil and water near five landfill sites in Diyala Governorate: Kanaan, Al-Khalis, Baladruz, Khanaqin, and Hamrin, aiming to assess the pollution levels and the potential health risks to nearby communities. Results: The findings reveal significant differences across the sites, with the highest pollutant concentrations in Kanaan for air (40±445.8), soil (22.18±35.64), and water (3.037±3.146), while Hamrin recorded the lowest concentrations. All sites demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of waste disposal practices in Diyala, linking pollutant concentrations with specific landfill sites. Implications: The results underscore the need for improved waste management strategies, including monitoring, waste sorting, and recycling initiatives, to mitigate the negative effects on public health and the environment, particularly in areas near waste dumps. Highlights: Pollution levels vary significantly across Diyala's landfill sites. Kanaan site has the highest air, soil, and water contamination. Better waste management is needed to reduce environmental and health risks. Keywords: Municipal waste, environmental pollution, heavy metals, Diyala Governorate, landfill impact
Protection Effect of Soy Isoflavones (Genistein and Daidzein) on Hematologic Parameters in Acute Kidney Injury: Efek Perlindungan Isoflavon Kedelai (Genistein dan Daidzein) terhadap Parameter Hematologi pada Cedera Ginjal Akut Hawraa Mohammed; Asia S. Abdullah; Muhsin S.G. AL‑Mozie'l
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10106

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe, high-morbidity condition with limited effective preventative and therapeutic strategies despite advancements in understanding and treatment. Specific Background: Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant challenges in renal research, but soy isoflavones, particularly GN and DZ, have shown potential in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Knowledge Gap: Soy isoflavones, while potentially providing renal protection, their impact on renal and hematologic parameters in glycerol-induced AKI models has not been thoroughly studied. Aims: The study evaluated the effectiveness of soy isoflavones in regulating renal and hematologic parameters in a glycerol-induced AKI rat model, assessing their potential as therapeutic agents. Results: The study involving adult female Wistar rats showed that pretreatment with glycerol or dihydroxystilbene significantly reduced urinary β2-microglobulin, albumin, BUN, and serum creatinine levels in the AKI-induced group, reversing hematological changes. Novelty: The study explores the protective effects of soy isoflavones on renal function and hematologic parameters in AKI, highlighting GN's superior efficacy over DZ. Implications: Soy isoflavones, particularly GN, may be potential preventive or therapeutic strategies for AKI caused by rhabdomyolysis, warranting further research for clinical applications. Highlights: GN and DZ reduce kidney damage in glycerol-induced AKI. GN is more effective than DZ in kidney and blood parameters. Soy isoflavones could treat or prevent AKI. Keywords: Acute kidney injury, soy isoflavones, glycerol-induced AKI, renal protection, hematologic parameters
Android-Based WUZARU Media Boosts Science Learning in Elementary Students: Media WUZARU Berbasis Android Dorong Pembelajaran Sains pada Siswa SD Vivi Dwi Permatasari; Fitria Nur Hasanah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10200

Abstract

Background: Elementary science education often struggles with abstract topics like "Matter and Its Changes," requiring engaging visual aids. Knowledge Gap: Few effective Android-based tools exist for this purpose. Aim: This study developed and evaluated WUZARU, an Android-based learning media for Grade IV students. Methods: Using the ADDIE model, the media incorporated interactive elements like quizzes and games. Results: Validation by experts rated WUZARU as "very valid," and classroom trials showed significant learning improvements, with average post-test scores reaching 90.36. Novelty: WUZARU bridges theoretical and practical learning through interactive digital media. Implications: The tool demonstrates the potential to enhance science education, fostering critical thinking and independent learning. Highlights: Interactive Learning: WUZARU uses games, quizzes, and multimedia to make abstract science concepts engaging and understandable. Effective Results: Post-test scores improved significantly, demonstrating its impact on learning outcomes. Innovative Approach: Tailored Android-based tools promote critical thinking and independent learning in science education. Keywords: Android-Based Learning, WUZARU, Science Education, Elementary Students, ADDIE Model
Magnetic Nanocomposites Revolutionize Heavy Metal Adsorption for Environmental Cleanup : Nanokomposit Magnetik Merevolusi Adsorpsi Logam Berat untuk Pembersihan Lingkungan Zaynah Salih Waly; Samia Mezhr Merdas
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10207

Abstract

General background: Magnetic nanocomposites have garnered significant attention due to their multifunctional properties, particularly in environmental remediation, where they can be used for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Specific background: Polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(p-hydroxyaniline) (P(p-OH An)) are conductive polymers known for their adsorption capabilities, while Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit magnetic properties, facilitating separation and recovery. Knowledge gap: Despite the potential of Fe3O4-based composites, few studies have systematically explored the synergistic adsorption properties of PPy and P(p-OH An) in Fe3O4-based nanocomposites under varying environmental conditions. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize and characterize Fe3O4/PPy/P(p-OH An) magnetic nanocomposites and evaluate their adsorption performance under different temperatures and isotherm models. Results: The nanocomposite was synthesized through chemical oxidation polymerization and characterized using FTIR, TEM, AFM, and TGA, confirming its successful formation and nanoscale structure. Adsorption studies indicated an exothermic process, with a decrease in adsorption capacity at higher temperatures. The adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm better than the Langmuir model, suggesting heterogeneous surface adsorption. Novelty: This study demonstrates a novel Fe3O4/PPy/P(p-OH An) nanocomposite with superior adsorption properties, showing its potential in heavy metal ion removal and offering an improved understanding of temperature effects on adsorption performance. Implications: The findings underscore the composite's promise for environmental remediation applications, particularly in water treatment, and suggest further optimization of the adsorption conditions and evaluation of the composite's reusability for industrial-scale applications. Highlights: Enhanced Adsorption: Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposites offer combined magnetic and polymer adsorption properties. Temperature Sensitivity: Adsorption decreases as temperature rises, indicating exothermic behavior. Surface Interaction: Freundlich isotherm shows adsorption occurs on heterogeneous surfaces. Keywords: Magnetic nanocomposite, Fe3O4, Polypyrrole, Adsorption, Environmental remediation.
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Some Basrah Hospitals: Bakteri Resistan Multiobat Diisolasi Dari Beberapa Rumah Sakit Di Basrah Aymen Wasfi Dhahir; Noor J. Mohammad
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10240

Abstract

General Background: Antibiotic resistance is a significant and growing public health concern, especially in hospital settings, where intensive care units (ICUs) often harbor multidrug-resistant organisms. Specific Background: Antimicrobial resistance in ICUs is a significant issue, necessitating a thorough assessment of bacterial susceptibility patterns to develop effective treatment protocols. Knowledge Gap: Despite the increasing concern, comprehensive studies focusing on bacterial resistance patterns in ICUs, particularly in diverse hospital settings, remain limited. Aims: The study aimed to assess the resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from blood, urine, and ICU surfaces to various antibiotics and identify the most resistant species. Results: Thirty blood, twenty urine, and fifty-six environmental samples were collected and cultured. Staphylococcus spp. exhibited 75% resistance to erythromycin, while Klebsiella spp., Pantoea spp., and E. coli showed 100% resistance to multiple antibiotics, including Ticarcillin, Piperacillin, and Cefixime. Confirmatory bacterial identification was performed using the Vitek 2 compact system, and resistance was measured across 25 antibiotics from various classes. Novelty: The study highlights the alarming 100% antibiotic resistance in various ICU-associated bacterial species, emphasizing the urgent need for revised antibiotic stewardship programs. Implications: The study underscores the importance of monitoring AMR patterns in hospitals and adjusting antibiotic therapies to combat rising resistance, particularly in ICUs, highlighting the need for robust surveillance. Highlights: 100% resistance: Klebsiella, Pantoea, E. coli resist multiple antibiotics in ICU. ICU risk: Multidrug-resistant bacteria prevalent in intensive care units. Urgent need: Update antibiotic protocols, enhance AMR surveillance in hospitals. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, ICU, bacterial susceptibility, multidrug-resistant organisms, hospital infections
Critical Knowledge Gap in Blood Transfusion Among University Students in Iraq : Kesenjangan Pengetahuan Kritis dalam Transfusi Darah di Kalangan Mahasiswa di Irak Noor J. Mohammad
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10250

Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion, a crucial part of modern medical treatment, is believed to be the first successful organ transplant and plays a vital role in modern healthcare interventions. Knowledge gap: Despite its importance, awareness and knowledge about blood transfusion and donation are insufficient, particularly among university students. Aims: This study aims to assess student knowledge regarding blood transfusion and to raise awareness about blood donation. Methods: A cross-sectional study at Bab Al-Zubair University involved 200 students, assessing blood transfusion knowledge using a questionnaire and SPSS version 16, with statistical analysis. Results: The study revealed that 46% of students had no knowledge of blood transfusion, while only 31% had information on transfusion and donation. Social media was the primary information source for 32% of students, with only 9% undergoing regular blood tests. Moreover, 82.5% of students had never attended a seminar on blood donation. Novelty: This study highlights a significant gap in knowledge and awareness among students regarding blood transfusion and donation, emphasizing the role of social media as a key information source. Implications: The study emphasizes the need for targeted educational interventions in university curricula to enhance student awareness and knowledge about blood donation and transfusion. Highlights: Knowledge Gap: 46% of students lack information on blood transfusion. Seminar Absence: 82.5% never attended blood donation seminars. Educational Need: More training and seminars required to increase awareness. Keywords: Blood transfusion, Student knowledge, Blood donation, Awareness, Cross-sectional study
A Review of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS): Tinjauan tentang Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) Eftikhaar Hasan Kadhum
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10256

Abstract

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicle, affecting intertriginous areas such as the axillae, perianal, and inguinal regions. It is more prevalent in females, with peak onset between ages 18 and 29. Specific Background: HS, characterized by nodules, abscesses, and sinus tract scarring, uses the Hurley staging system for disease severity classification, but its limitations exist due to its static clinical features. Knowledge Gap: Although several treatment modalities exist, ranging from antibiotics to surgery, there is no definitive therapy, and the pathogenesis remains poorly understood, complicating early diagnosis and management. Moreover, international diagnostic delays of 8-12 years further hinder patient outcomes. Aims: This study aims to explore the limitations of current classification and treatment approaches, while emphasizing the importance of prevention strategies and timely diagnosis to mitigate HS severity. Results: The Hurley classification, though widely used, fails to account for disease progression or quality of life. Current treatment options depend on disease severity, including topical and systemic antibiotics, hormonal therapies, biologics, and surgical interventions. Prevention strategies, such as laser hair removal and lifestyle modifications (e.g., smoking cessation, weight management), are essential to reducing disease impact. Novelty: This research highlights the under-explored role of early prevention and lifestyle interventions in managing HS and reducing progression through Hurley stages. Implications: Enhanced diagnostic tools, combined with early intervention strategies and a holistic approach to patient care, are necessary to improve clinical outcomes, reduce diagnostic delays, and minimize HS-related morbidity. Further research is needed to better understand the genetic and environmental factors contributing to HS pathogenesis. Highlights: HS peaks in females aged 18-29 with chronic skin inflammation. 8-12 years diagnostic delay worsens disease severity and treatment. Prevention: laser hair removal, lifestyle changes reduce HS progression. Keywords: Hidradenitis suppurativa, Hurley staging, inflammatory skin disease, prevention, diagnostic delays
Fostering Patriotism Through National Songs in Elementary Education: Menumbuhkan Patriotisme Melalui Lagu Nasional di Pendidikan Dasar Anthonio Dion Purwoadi; Vanda Rezania
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10264

Abstract

Background: Character education is crucial for developing patriotism in students, particularly within Indonesia's Merdeka Curriculum. Gap: The effectiveness of using national songs to foster love for the motherland remains underexplored. Aim: This study examines the role of national songs in promoting patriotism among Grade 5 students at SDN Wunut II Porong. Results: Regular singing of national songs, coupled with understanding their lyrics, enhanced students' nationalist behaviors, though some struggled with unfamiliarity and inconsistent practices. Novelty: It highlights the practical use of daily singing routines in character education. Implications: Structured activities like this can strengthen national identity in schools implementing similar curricula. Highlights: Singing national songs fosters patriotism by integrating daily routines with character education. Understanding song lyrics enhances students’ appreciation of national identity and values. Regular practice promotes consistent nationalist behaviors despite initial challenges. Keywords: Character Education, Patriotism, Merdeka Curriculum, National Songs, Elementary Students
Development of Tetracycline by AgO Nanoparticles and Studying its Activity on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria : Pengembangan Tetrasiklin dengan Nanopartikel AgO dan Mempelajari Aktivitasnya pada Bakteri yang Resisten terhadap Antibiotik Wafaa Majeed; Hiba Shihab Ahmed; Zaineb Abd_Alkhalq Hamed
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10275

Abstract

General background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a critical global health issue, necessitating the development of new strategies to enhance antibiotic efficacy. Specific background: Nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have emerged as potential enhancers of antibiotics due to their unique properties and interactions with bacterial cells. Knowledge gap: However, the combination of nanoparticles with existing antibiotics, such as tetracycline, and their impact on bacterial inhibition and safety has not been fully explored. Aims: This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO NPs) combined with tetracycline (TCS) and evaluate their effectiveness against resistant bacterial strains. Results: AgO NPs were synthesized using a photodeposition method, yielding nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.24 nm. The AgO NPs + TCS combination demonstrated superior antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 μg/mL against Staphylococci and 32 μg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, significantly outperforming standard tetracycline. Hemolysis assays confirmed the safety of the synthesized compound at all concentrations. Novelty: Silver oxide nanoparticles and tetracycline exhibit a unique synergistic interaction, enhancing antimicrobial effects by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, facilitating greater antibiotic infiltration. Implications: These findings suggest that AgO NPs combined with tetracycline offer a promising solution to overcome bacterial resistance, providing a potent and safe alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments. Highlights: AgO NPs and tetracycline show enhanced antibacterial effects. More effective than standard tetracycline against resistant bacteria. Safe with no toxicity observed in hemolysis tests. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, silver nanoparticles, tetracycline, photodeposition, antibacterial activity

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