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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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The Effects of Crude Alkaloid Extracts of Convolutes Arvensis on Tumour Cell Lines and Their Potential For Toxicity: Efek Ekstrak Alkaloid Kasar dari Convolutes Arvensis pada Garis Sel Tumor dan Potensi Toksisitasnya Arwa Alaa Hussein
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10314

Abstract

General Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the search for effective treatments continues to intensify. Specific Background: Convolvulus arvensis has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, but its potential as an anticancer agent is underexplored. Knowledge Gap: The cytotoxic and apoptotic mechanisms of crude alkaloids extracted from C. arvensis against specific cancer cell lines have not been fully characterized. Aims: This study investigates the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects of C. arvensis crude alkaloids on mouse liver cancer (HC) and human breast cancer (AMJ13) cell lines, focusing on apoptosis-related gene expression. Results: The antioxidant activity of C. arvensis was comparable to that of ascorbic acid, with inhibition rates of 92.01% at 500 µg/ml. Crude alkaloids demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with a maximum inhibition rate of 82.65% in AMJ13 cells and 79.49% in HC cells at 500 µg/ml. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of caspase-9, indicating apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Novelty: This study is among the first to provide molecular evidence of C. arvensis-induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, offering a novel insight into its anticancer potential. Implications: These findings suggest that C. arvensis alkaloids could be developed as a therapeutic option for cancer treatment, with future studies needed to isolate specific compounds and assess their in vivo efficacy. Highlights: C. arvensis alkaloids show antioxidant activity similar to ascorbic acid. Alkaloids inhibit liver and breast cancer cell growth dose-dependently. Apoptosis triggered via caspase-9 through the mitochondrial pathway. Keywords: Convolvulus arvensis, alkaloids, cancer, apoptosis, antioxidant
Age and Gender Strongly Influence Visual Impairment in Schoolchildren: Usia dan Jenis Kelamin Sangat Mempengaruhi Gangguan Penglihatan pada Anak Sekolah Kadhim Jawad Awad
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10316

Abstract

Background: Blurred vision caused by refractive errors, which result from an imbalance between the axial length and optical power of the eye, is prevalent worldwide. This condition, if undiagnosed in school-aged children, can significantly affect learning and development. Specific background: In Basra City, the prevalence of refractive errors and their impact on students' academic performance remains underexplored. Knowledge gap: There is limited data on the correlation between visual acuity and academic levels in elementary school pupils in this region, especially concerning demographic factors such as age and gender. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of visual impairment (VI), evaluate the visual acuity of elementary school pupils, and describe the characteristics of visually impaired students. Additionally, it sought to assess the relationship between visual acuity, age, gender, and academic performance. Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 students from Basra primary schools using a Snellen visual acuity chart. The results revealed that 24% had poor grades, 37% had moderate grades, and 39% had good grades. No significant relationship was found between visual acuity and academic performance, but a strong correlation was observed between visual acuity and both age and gender. Novelty: The study emphasizes the need for early detection of refractive errors in elementary school students and the significant correlation between visual acuity and demographic factors, especially age and gender. Implications: These findings suggest the need for regular vision screenings in schools to ensure early intervention and reduce the long-term impact of visual impairments on children’s educational and social development. Highlights: Prevalence: High rates of visual impairment found among Basra elementary students. Correlation: Visual acuity strongly linked to age and gender, not academic performance. Recommendation: School vision screenings are vital for early detection and intervention. Keywords: Refractive errors, Visual acuity, Elementary students, Basra City, Vision screening
Enhancing Global Poliomyelitis Surveillance Performance is Crucial for Eradication Efforts: Meningkatkan Kinerja Surveilans Polio Global Sangat Penting untuk Upaya Pemberantasan Arkan Hashim Ibrahim; Mazin Khalid Abdullah; Marwah Q. Salman
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10317

Abstract

Background: Poliomyelitis remains a significant public health challenge, with global efforts focused on its eradication. One critical strategy in this endeavor is the implementation of an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance system, which is essential for early detection and response to poliovirus transmission. Specific Background: Despite the system's importance, there is limited evaluation of its performance, particularly in regions like Diyala province, Iraq. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not adequately assessed the AFP surveillance performance indicators specific to this region, necessitating a comprehensive analysis. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the performance indicators of the AFP surveillance system in Diyala province during 2021, utilizing established World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Results: The cross-sectional study analyzed data from seven primary health care centers. Key findings revealed a Non-Polio Acute Flaccid Paralysis rate of 5.11 per 100,000 children under 15 years. Performance indicators included 100% reporting completeness, 95% timeliness of notification and investigation, and 97% stool quality for laboratory analysis. Furthermore, 97.3% of specimens reached the national laboratory within three days, demonstrating high operational efficiency. Novelty: This study is one of the first to provide a detailed evaluation of the AFP surveillance system in Diyala province, highlighting areas of strength and compliance with WHO targets. Implications: The findings underscore the effectiveness of the AFP surveillance system in this region, suggesting that its continued implementation can significantly contribute to the global eradication efforts of poliomyelitis while also serving as a model for similar evaluations in other regions. Highlights: High reporting completeness and timeliness in AFP surveillance. Non-Polio AFP rate exceeds WHO targets, indicating effective monitoring. Study supports global efforts toward poliomyelitis eradication. Keywords: Poliomyelitis, Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Surveillance System, Performance Indicators, Iraq
Evaluation of Some Hematological Parameters for Patients Infected with Entamoeba Histolytica in Najaf Governorate: Evaluasi Beberapa Parameter Hematologi untuk Pasien yang Terinfeksi dengan Entamoeba Histolytica di Kegubernuran Najaf Ibtesam Mohsen Al-Azawe; Hawraa Mohammed Al-ali; Rabab Ali Al-Mosawi
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10319

Abstract

General background: Amoebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with poor sanitation. It can lead to various complications, including changes in blood parameters. Specific background: Identifying changes in blood indicators during amoebic infections can aid early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. Knowledge gap: There is limited research exploring gender-based differences in blood parameters of patients with amoebiasis. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of E. histolytica infection on specific blood parameters in male and female patients and to assess gender-based variations in these parameters. Results: A total of 45 patients (20 males, 25 females) diagnosed with amoebiasis were included, with samples collected between May 2023 and January 2024. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between male and female patients in RBC, HB, HCT, and MCH, while no significant differences were noted for MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, WBC, or LYM. Male patients showed higher mean values of RBC (5.01 ± 0.65) and HB (14.6 ± 1.61) compared to females (RBC: 4.5 ± 0.54; HB: 12.28 ± 1.24). Novelty: This study highlights gender-specific alterations in blood parameters during amoebiasis, providing new insights into how gender affects physiological responses to E. histolytica infection. Implications: Regular monitoring of blood parameters, particularly RBC and HB, in patients with amoebiasis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. The findings also underscore the importance of gender considerations in clinical management and suggest the need for larger studies to confirm these results and explore their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Highlights: Gender impacts blood parameters in amoebiasis patients. Males show higher RBC and HB than females. Regular monitoring aids early E. histolytica diagnosis. Keywords: Amoebic dysentery, Entamoeba histolytica, blood parameters, gender differences, early diagnosis
Important Probiotics to Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Probiotik Penting untuk Manajemen Infeksi Saluran Kemih pada Wanita Ali Abd Kadhum
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10323

Abstract

General Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent among women, often leading to repeated antibiotic treatment or surgical intervention, which increases healthcare costs. Specific Background: The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria complicates treatment strategies, necessitating alternative approaches to manage recurrent UTIs effectively. Knowledge Gap: Despite the documented benefits of probiotics in various health contexts, their role in preventing recurrent UTIs, particularly in regions like Nasiriyah City, remains inadequately explored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different probiotic strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus acidophilus) as adjuncts to conventional treatments in reducing UTI recurrence among women. Results: A total of 150 female participants were recruited, with 100 having a history of recurrent UTIs and 50 serving as a control group. The study revealed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri significantly reduced UTI recurrence rates compared to placebo, while Lactobacillus acidophilus demonstrated moderate efficacy. The analysis also indicated a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among UTI cases, highlighting the need for innovative treatment strategies. Novelty: This research uniquely contributes to the understanding of probiotic supplementation in UTI management, emphasizing the potential of Lactobacillus strains as effective preventative measures against recurrent infections. Implications: The study suggests incorporating probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri, into clinical practice to reduce antibiotic reliance and improve patient outcomes. Highlights: Probiotics reduce UTI recurrence rates effectively. High antibiotic resistance highlights need for alternatives. Consider probiotics as complementary therapy for better outcomes. Keywords: urinary tract infections, probiotics, Lactobacillus, multidrug-resistant bacteria, prevention
Intensive Care Unit Staffs' Knowledge about Glasgow Coma Scale: Pengetahuan Staf Unit Perawatan Intensif tentang Skala Koma Glasgow Qasim Rajeh Tarar; Zainalabideen Yasser Jumaa; Hawraa Ali Hussein; Haider Fahim Shafeea; Karrar Falih Karmod
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10334

Abstract

The Glasgow scale is a crucial tool for evaluating the awareness level of patients with neurological disorders in intensive care units and neurological centers. This scale involves three items for assessing: the degree of eye response, the degree of verbal response, and the degree of motor response in a range between 3-15 score, where 3 is the lowest score on the scale, which indicates loss of consciousness or a deep coma, and 15 is the highest score, which represents full consciousness. The study aims to evaluate the understanding of the Glasgow coma scale among Intensive Care Unit Staff. A descriptive study (cross-sectional design) was used. A study was carried out in the Intensive Care Unit at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital in The Al-Dıwanıyah City,Iraq. The study was conducted from November 2sd , 2023, to 16th April , 2024. Non-probability (purposive) sample consisting of (50 staff) working in the ICU. The results of this study included (64%) are female and (36%) are male from 50 staffs in intensive care unit. while , the overall level of ıntensive care unit staffs' knowledge about the glasgow coma scale was fair level (68%) at mean of scores (1.42). The researchers concluded that the level nurses' and anesthesia technicians' knowledge about the Glasgow coma scale was not at the level required to fit with the critical and special nature of ICU. The study recommended activating the work of the continuous medical education unit correctly in order to give educational courses related to Glasgow coma scale
Laparoscopic Assessment and Occurrence of Endometriosis in Women Experiencing Infertility: A Forward-Looking Study: Pemeriksaan Laparoskopi dan Kejadian Endometriosis pada Wanita yang Mengalami Infertilitas: Sebuah Studi Berwawasan ke Depan Maysoon Sami Khraibet; Nadia Ridha Atiyah; Tuorkia Sheerza Aziez
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10335

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus There are no definitive signs or symptoms associated with endometriosis, and its presentation can be different based on the affected areas. It is a prevalent cause of various degree of infertility among younger women. The management approach of endometriosis may involve both medical and surgical therapy. Laparoscopic procedures have shown promising results in enhancing fertility prospects for young women suffering from endometriosis. Methods: This study included women diagnosed with endometriosis after experiencing infertility. A comprehensive history was taken, focusing on symptom duration, any additional co-morbidities, and the length of infertility. All patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. Based on the site and severity of the endometriosis, procedures such as adhesiolysis, excision, and ablation of endometrial lesions were performed. Patients were monitored, and instances of successful pregnancies (both spontaneous and those resulting from assisted reproductive techniques) were documented. Results: Among the 100 cases studied, endometriosis was identified in 12 patients (11.5%). The most frequently affected age group was 26-30 years (47.83%). A total of 9 patients (78.26%) had primary infertility, while the remaining 5 patients (21.74%) experienced secondary infertility. The ovaries were the most commonly affected site, involved in all cases. Surgical interventions performed included cystectomy (30.43%), endometrioma drainage and fulguration (13.04%), and adhesiolysis (34.78%). Of the 9 patients who achieved successful ovulation following laparoscopic surgery, 6 (66.66%) went on to complete their pregnancies successfully. Conclusions: Laparoscopic procedures for infertility provide both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits and yield favorable outcomes concerning successful pregnancies. Highlights: Endometriosis impacts fertility: Laparoscopy is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. Surgical interventions: Enhance fertility by addressing endometrial lesions. Study focus: Infertile women, ages 18-40, with laparoscopy-confirmed endometriosis. Keywords: Endometriosis, Infertility, Laparoscopy, Reproductive Health, Surgical Intervention
Assessment Awareness about Hand Hygiene among Health Care Providers in Hospitals at Al_Nasiriyah City: Penilaian Kesadaran tentang Kebersihan Tangan di antara Penyedia Layanan Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit di Kota Al_Nasiriyah Teeba T. Khudair
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10336

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization emphasizes hand hygiene as a crucial method for controlling hospital infections, emphasizing the need for healthcare workers to have current knowledge on this topic.. Objective: The study evaluates hand hygiene awareness among healthcare providers in AL_Nasiriyah hospitals, identifying factors influencing HH abidance, crucial for patient safety and reducing infectious disease transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in various hospitals in the governorate of AL_Nasiriyah city during the period from May to July 2024 to evaluate awareness Associated to (HH) hygiene among health care providers.by using a special format which included two parts, the first part related to their demographic characteristic and the second part contain multiple questions A purposive sample is selected for the study which sample consisting (171) working various specializations .Date were gathered through the interviewed in workplace and analyzed by using spss 20 through the application of descriptive statistical included (frequencies, percentages, M.S,and S.D). The overall result: The study revealed that over thirty-two percent of the population (63.2%) and those with over six years of health experience have the highest awareness of hand hygiene, influenced by education and experience. Conclusion: This study shows a good level of awareness of hand hygiene among health care practitioners at mean score (1.39) level of awareness regarding answering the questionnaire information. Recommendations: The study suggests continuous training for competent authorities, provision of basic hand hygiene environments, alcohol and sterilizers, and recent hygiene items for health places.
Assessment Serum Level of Antibodies Igg and Igm in Aborted Women with Non-Abortive in AL-Khalis City: Penilaian Tingkat Serum Antibodi Igg dan Igm pada Wanita yang Diaborsi dengan Tidak Diaborsi di Kota AL-Khalis Maha Falih Nazzal
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10340

Abstract

The current study, which focused on women who had abortions and those who did not, was carried out in AL-Khalis city between April 2023 and August 2023. A survey was created to gather data on every instance that was part of the research. 155 blood samples were examined using a latex test, and the age group of 26 to 30 years old had the greatest abortion rate (31.57%). At the P≤0.05 level, there are notable variations. At 64.63%, the frequency was higher in urban areas, while the middle-class category had the highest rate (87.54%), followed by housewives (60.75%). Additionally, it was shown that women who experienced a first-period miscarriage had a higher infection rate (34.46%). At a rate of 60.97%, the abortion stage was either greater in the first trimester of pregnancy. At the P≤0.05 level, there are notable variations. Out of 155 instances, nine cases (3.44%) were found to be IgM positive for aborted women. The age group of 21–25 years old had the greatest percentage (5.71%). The age group of 26–30 years old had the highest infection rate (31.57%). Out of 155 cases, 5 were found to have both IgM and IgG antibodies, representing a rate of 1.88%. The age group of 21–25 years old had the highest prevalence of abortion, at 2.85%. When the latex test was used to diagnose both abortions, the study revealed a greater percentage of IgG antibody compared to IgM antibody ratios. Keywords: IgG, aborted, non-abortive women , latex test
Methodology of Reflection of Cash Flows of Capital Investments in Financial Statements According to International Standards: Metodologi Pencerminan Arus Kas Investasi Modal dalam Laporan Keuangan Menurut Standar Internasional Mukhammadiev Zarrukh Umarovich
Academia Open Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.9.2024.10341

Abstract

In the article, the information covered in the cash flow statement, the actual state of the reflection of items related to capital investments in the form of this report was studied, and recommendations were developed for the reflection of information on capital investments in the statement of cash flows. Also, international experiences reveal the issues of covering long-term assets such as investment property and biological assets in the cash flow statement Highlights: Analyzed cash flow statements and capital investment reflections. Developed recommendations for reporting capital investments. Examined international practices on long-term asset reporting. Keywords: statement of cash flows, capital investments, capital investment accounting, investment property, biological assets, accounting, international standards of financial reporting

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