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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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First Record of Pygidiopsis summa and Ascocotyle longa in Iraq: Catatan Pertama Pygidiopsis summa dan Ascocotyle longa di Irak Ghadeer M. Al-Suwaij; Basim H. Abdullah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10744

Abstract

General Background: Heterophyid flukes are zoonotic parasites with complex life cycles involving multiple hosts, including fish and mammals, and pose significant public health risks. Specific Background: Despite global studies on heterophyid infections, their presence in Iraq has not been previously documented. Knowledge Gap: There is a lack of data on the distribution, taxonomy, and potential health implications of these parasites in the region. Aims: This study reports the first record of Pygidiopsis summa and Ascocotyle longa in Iraq, providing taxonomic descriptions and assessing their significance. Results: A total of 150 Rattus norvegicus were captured in Basrah, and their small intestines were examined, revealing both fluke species. Morphological analysis showed slight variations in spine length. Novelty: This is the first documentation of these species in Iraq. Implications: Findings highlight the need for awareness of foodborne parasitic infections and further molecular and epidemiological studies on heterophyid transmission dynamics. Highlights: First record of Pygidiopsis summa and Ascocotyle longa in Iraq. Highlights Rattus norvegicus as a potential reservoir for heterophyid flukes. Emphasizes foodborne parasitic risks, urging further molecular and epidemiological studies. Keywords: wild rat, Pygidiopsis summa, Ascocotyle longa, Basrah
Sustainability Disparities Between Local and Multinational Companies in Iraq: Kesenjangan Keberlanjutan Antara Perusahaan Lokal dan Multinasional di Irak Layla Mansour Mazhar; Readh Najem Obaid
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10745

Abstract

General Background: Sustainability has become a critical focus in corporate governance, influencing business policies and operational strategies worldwide. In developing economies like Iraq, integrating sustainability remains challenging due to regulatory limitations, financial constraints, and infrastructural barriers. Specific Background: The oil and gas, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors are pivotal to Iraq’s economy, yet they exhibit varying degrees of sustainability adoption. While multinational corporations demonstrate advanced sustainability practices, local firms struggle with compliance and resource limitations. Knowledge Gap: Existing research on corporate sustainability in Iraq remains scarce, particularly regarding sectoral differences and the influence of international firms in shaping sustainability standards. Aims: This study analyzes the effects of sustainability policies on companies in Iraq, comparing local and multinational firms across key industries to assess their sustainability practices, challenges, and compliance levels. Results: Findings indicate that multinational corporations lead in sustainability implementation, particularly in energy efficiency and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Local companies face regulatory and financial constraints but are progressively integrating CSR initiatives. Compared to the broader Middle East, Iraqi firms exhibit lower sustainability adoption due to weaker regulations and reduced public scrutiny. Employees in multinational firms report higher engagement with sustainability policies than those in local firms. Novelty: This study provides a comparative analysis of sustainability practices in Iraq and the Middle East, highlighting disparities in renewable energy usage, CSR initiatives, and employee perceptions. It also identifies barriers hindering local companies from adopting sustainable practices. Implications: Strengthening environmental regulations, increasing public awareness, and providing financial incentives for renewable energy adoption are essential for enhancing corporate sustainability in Iraq. The findings offer policymakers and business leaders strategic insights into improving sustainability frameworks and aligning corporate practices with global standards. Future research should explore policy interventions and their impact on corporate sustainability performance in Iraq. Highlights Iraqi companies lag in sustainability due to weak regulations and funding. Multinational firms lead; local firms struggle with compliance and capital. Strengthening laws, public awareness, and subsidies can enhance sustainability. Keywords: Sustainability, Corporate Policies, Environmental Protection, Corporate Social Responsibility.
Strategic Deposit Policies for Liquidity, Profitability, and Financial Stability in Banks: Kebijakan Deposito Strategis untuk Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, dan Stabilitas Keuangan Bank Juraev Isroil Ibrohimovich
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10747

Abstract

General Background: Deposit policy plays a crucial role in enhancing the resource capacity of commercial banks, influencing their liquidity, profitability, and financial stability. Specific Background: In an era of increasing competition and evolving customer expectations, banks must develop effective deposit policies to secure stable and cost-effective funding sources. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive research on bank liquidity and financial management, limited studies comprehensively analyze the strategic impact of deposit policies on resource mobilization efficiency and risk management, particularly in emerging markets. Aims: This study examines the role of strategic deposit management in optimizing liquidity, profitability, and financial sustainability through econometric modeling and qualitative analysis. Results: Findings indicate that adaptive deposit policies incorporating behavioral finance principles significantly enhance customer retention and deposit growth. Comparative analysis of international best practices highlights the effectiveness of tailored deposit products and interest rate strategies in resource mobilization. Novelty: By integrating quantitative econometric models and qualitative insights from banking executives, this study provides a comprehensive framework for assessing deposit policy effectiveness. Implications: The study offers strategic recommendations for banks and policymakers to enhance deposit management through digital innovation and balanced regulatory frameworks, ensuring financial stability while promoting competitive banking practices. Highlights: Deposit policy enhances bank liquidity, profitability, and stability. Examines strategic deposit management; finds behavioral finance boosts deposits. Integrates econometrics and qualitative insights; informs policy and innovation. Keywords: Deposit policy, liquidity management, profitability, financial stability, banking strategy
Magnetized Water Supports Endurance and Hydration in Young Footballers: Air Bermagnet Mendukung Daya Tahan dan Hidrasi pada Pesepakbola Muda Ahmed Mezher Kraidi; Nabeel Khaleel Ibrahim
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10749

Abstract

General Background: Enhancing endurance and physiological efficiency is crucial for optimizing young football players' performance. Specific Background: Variable intensity training is widely recognized for improving endurance, while magnetized water has been explored for its potential physiological benefits. However, its combined effects on endurance and physiological indicators in young athletes remain underexplored. Knowledge Gap: Limited research has examined the integration of variable intensity training with magnetized water consumption in the context of football endurance. Aims: This study investigates the impact of variable intensity training and magnetized water consumption on special endurance and key physiological indicators in young footballers. Results: After a 16-week experimental intervention with 12 athletes from Al-Zawraa Sports Club, significant improvements were observed in strength endurance, speed endurance, hemoglobin levels, and blood viscosity. Magnetized water facilitated hydration, reduced fatigue, and enhanced oxygen transport, contributing to overall endurance development. Novelty: This study is among the first to demonstrate the synergistic effects of magnetized water and variable intensity training on young footballers’ endurance and physiological adaptation. Implications: These findings suggest that structured fluid intake strategies incorporating magnetized water can optimize endurance training outcomes, offering valuable insights for coaches and sports scientists in developing evidence-based hydration and training protocols. Highlights: Boosts Endurance: Enhances strength and speed endurance in young footballers. Improves Hydration: Magnetized water aids oxygen transport and reduces fatigue. Optimizes Training: Supports evidence-based hydration and endurance strategies. Keywords: Variable intensity training, magnetized water, endurance, physiological adaptation, young footballers
Banster Method Accelerates Physical Ability Development in Collegiate Futsal Players: Metode Banster Mempercepat Pengembangan Kemampuan Fisik Pemain Futsal Perguruan Tinggi Muhajer Sami Hassan
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10750

Abstract

General Background: Enhancing physical abilities through systematic training methods is crucial in sports science, particularly in futsal. Specific Background: The Banster method, a structured training approach, has been hypothesized to significantly improve athletes' physical performance. Knowledge Gap: Limited empirical studies have examined its effectiveness in collegiate futsal training, necessitating further investigation. Aims: This study evaluates the impact of the Banster method on developing physical abilities among collegiate futsal players. Results: A total of 15 players were selected, with five undergoing an exploratory experiment. Pre- and post-tests were conducted following a structured training regimen of 24 sessions over two months. Statistical analysis using SPSS (v23) confirmed that the Banster method led to significant improvements in explosive power, endurance, and speed, achieving 100% effectiveness in the experimental group. Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence supporting the Banster method’s superior efficiency in enhancing physical abilities compared to conventional training techniques. Implications: The findings suggest that integrating the Banster method into futsal training programs can optimize performance and accelerate skill development. Future research should explore its application across different sports disciplines and athlete levels to further validate its effectiveness. Highlights: Enhanced Performance: Improves power, endurance, and speed effectively. Proven Method: Statistical analysis confirms superior results. Wider Application: Usable across multiple sports disciplines. Keywords: Banster method, futsal training, physical abilities, sports performance, experimental study
Antibacterial activity of Fe2O3/MgO Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli isolated from contaminated Water: Aktivitas Antibakteri Nanopartikel Fe2O3/MgO terhadap Escherichia coli yang diisolasi dari Air yang terkontaminasi Ali A. Fayyadh; Jawad N. K. Makassees; Ali K. Hattab
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10753

Abstract

General Background: Water contamination by pathogenic bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, poses serious public health risks, necessitating the development of effective antibacterial agents. Specific Background: Nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry offer an environmentally sustainable alternative for bacterial control, with metal oxide nanoparticles demonstrating promising antimicrobial properties. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive research on metal oxide nanoparticles, comparative studies on Fe₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles synthesized from Allium sativum extract remain limited, particularly regarding their antibacterial efficacy against E. coli in contaminated water. Aims: This study investigates the antibacterial activity and characterization of Fe₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles synthesized via a green synthesis method using Allium sativum extract, evaluating their efficacy against E. coli isolates. Results: Characterization via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the structural and morphological properties of the nanoparticles. Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibited superior antibacterial activity, generating 20 mm inhibition zones compared to MgO's 12-15 mm zones, attributed to their smaller size (24.41 nm), amorphous nature, and increased surface area. Novelty: This study highlights the potential of Allium sativum-mediated Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles as a more effective antibacterial agent than MgO nanoparticles. Implications: These findings support the application of green-synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles in sustainable water treatment solutions, contributing to advancements in antimicrobial technology. Highlights: Higher Antibacterial Efficiency – Fe₂O₃ outperforms MgO in inhibition zones. Eco-Friendly Synthesis – Allium sativum ensures green nanoparticle production. Water Treatment Potential – Effective against bacterial contamination in water. Keywords: Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, MgO nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, green synthesis, water treatment
Financial Incentives as the Key Driver of Employee Productivity: Insentif Finansial sebagai Pendorong Utama Produktivitas Karyawan Yuanis Yuanis
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10754

Abstract

General Background: Employee productivity is a crucial determinant of organizational success, with incentives serving as a key motivational tool in human resource management. Specific Background: While financial and non-financial incentives are widely recognized as productivity drivers, their effectiveness in small businesses, particularly in the Indonesian context, remains underexplored. Knowledge Gap: Prior research primarily focuses on large enterprises, neglecting how incentive structures function in small-scale industries. Aims: This study examines the impact of financial and non-financial incentives, along with job satisfaction, on employee productivity at UD. Budi Karya Jarorejo, Kerek, Tuban. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that financial incentives significantly influence productivity (β = 0.4736, p = 0.000), while non-financial incentives have a smaller yet significant effect. Job satisfaction, however, does not show a significant correlation. The model explains 94.7% of productivity variance (R² = 0.947). Novelty: Unlike previous studies, this research focuses on the unique dynamics of small enterprises, emphasizing the role of contextual and managerial factors in incentive effectiveness. Implications: Findings suggest that transparent, performance-based incentive policies can optimize workforce productivity in small businesses, providing insights for managerial decision-making in similar organizational settings.Highlights: Financial incentives are the primary driver of employee productivity, showing a significant positive impact, while non-financial incentives have a smaller but still notable effect. Job satisfaction alone does not significantly influence productivity, highlighting the need for well-structured incentive programs rather than relying solely on workplace satisfaction. Transparent and performance-based incentive policies are crucial, especially in small businesses, to ensure fairness, motivation, and sustained productivity improvements. Keywords: Financial Incentives, Non-Financial Incentives, Job Satisfaction, Employee Productivity, Multiple Linear Regression.
Veterinary Students’ Knowledge of Thyroid Hormones and Educational Needs: Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Kedokteran Hewan tentang Hormon Tiroid dan Kebutuhan Pendidikan Wathiq Faraon Hussein
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10756

Abstract

General Background: The thyroid gland, an essential endocrine organ located in the anterior neck, regulates iodine homeostasis and secretes thyroid hormones that influence metabolism and cellular function. Specific Background: Understanding thyroid hormone physiology is crucial for veterinary students, as it impacts both human and animal health. Knowledge Gap: Limited research exists on veterinary students’ awareness of thyroid hormone physiology, particularly its effects on the body. Aims: This study assesses veterinary students’ knowledge of thyroid hormone function and provides recommendations to enhance their understanding. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, with 150 students (86 females, 64 males). The questionnaire included demographic data and knowledge assessments on thyroid function, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Results: Female students constituted the majority (57.33%). Most participants (94%) were aged 19–28. The results showed varying levels of knowledge, with 95% of responses being significant and a high mean score, indicating substantial understanding of thyroid hormone effects. Novelty: This study highlights veterinary students' competence in endocrinology and suggests targeted educational interventions for knowledge enhancement. Implications: Findings emphasize the need for improved curriculum design and interactive learning strategies to reinforce thyroid physiology education in veterinary programs. Highlights: Knowledge Levels: Students showed varied understanding of thyroid hormone function. Significant Findings: 95% of responses were significant, indicating strong knowledge. Educational Implications: Findings highlight the need for better thyroid education. Keywords: Thyroid gland, Veterinary students, Endocrinology, Hormone physiology, Knowledge assessment
Organizational Culture Shapes Performance in University Handball Teams: Budaya Organisasi Membentuk Performa Tim Bola Tangan Universitas Omar noori Abbas
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10758

Abstract

General Background: The management of university sports teams is a complex field requiring coordination between university administrations, coaches, and players. University championships serve not only as competitive events but also as educational platforms that enhance students’ personal and social development. Specific Background: Organizational culture plays a fundamental role in the success of university sports teams by shaping relationships, influencing performance, and fostering collaboration. Despite its importance, limited research has examined the impact of organizational culture on sports team management, particularly in university handball teams. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies have not fully explored the interplay between organizational culture dimensions—such as leadership, teamwork, responsibility, and transparency—in enhancing sports performance and team interaction. Aims: This study aims to analyze the organizational culture in university handball team management, determine its influence on performance, and identify key challenges. Results: Findings indicate that high-level university teams exhibit a strong organizational culture. Cooperation and teamwork have the most significant impact, followed by leadership, responsibility, and transparency. Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence on how specific cultural dimensions influence university sports management, emphasizing teamwork’s dominant role. Implications: The results offer insights for sports administrators and policymakers to strengthen organizational culture, ultimately improving team performance and fostering a more cohesive sports environment. Highlights: Teamwork Matters – Strongest influence on organizational culture in sports teams. Leadership Guides – Enhances performance and shapes team culture. Transparency Counts – Justice and responsibility improve team dynamics. Keywords: Organizational culture, university sports management, teamwork, leadership, handball teams
Collagen Biomarkers Indicate Increased Tissue Damage in Connective Tissue Disorders: Biomarker Kolagen Mengindikasikan Peningkatan Kerusakan Jaringan pada Gangguan Jaringan Ikat Ahmed Nassir Faisal
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10760

Abstract

Background: Connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are characterized by chronic inflammation and collagen degradation, which contribute to tissue damage and disease progression. Specific Background: Collagen degradation biomarkers, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), and inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α), reflect the extent of tissue remodeling and inflammation. However, limited studies comprehensively evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value in these disorders. Knowledge Gap: There is insufficient evidence comparing the levels of these biomarkers between patients with connective tissue disorders and healthy individuals, particularly regarding their role in disease monitoring and progression. Aims: This study aims to assess and compare collagen degradation biomarkers (MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, CTX, CRP, TNF-α) between patients with connective tissue disorders and healthy controls to explore their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Results: Patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, CTX, CRP, and TNF-α compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05), suggesting increased collagen turnover and chronic inflammation. BMI was also significantly higher in patients (p = 0.003). Novelty: This study provides comprehensive comparative data on multiple biomarkers, highlighting the simultaneous elevation of collagen degradation and inflammatory markers as potential indicators for disease severity. Implications: These findings suggest that assessing collagen degradation biomarkers can enhance early diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and guide therapeutic strategies for connective tissue disorders. Highlights: Collagen biomarkers indicate tissue damage in connective tissue disorders. Compare collagen biomarkers in patients and healthy controls for diagnostic value. Biomarkers are significantly elevated in patients, indicating increased collagen turnover and inflammation. Keyword: Collagen degradation, MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinases), TIMP-1 (Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases), CTX (C-terminal telopeptide of collagen), Chronic inflammation, Connective tissue disorders

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