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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,489 Documents
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Usury in the Heavenly Religions: A Comparative Study between the Holy Qur’an, the Gospel, and the Torah Adel Nashaat Al-Hasani
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13955

Abstract

General Background Usury remains a central issue in religious ethics and economic discourse, particularly within Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. Specific Background Each of these Abrahamic religions addresses usury through its sacred texts, offering distinct yet related perspectives on financial justice and social responsibility. Knowledge Gap Despite existing studies, there is limited integrated analysis that compares these perspectives while linking them to broader moral and economic implications. Aims This study aims to analyze and compare the concept, prohibition, and implications of usury across the Qur’an, the Torah, and the Gospel. Results The findings reveal a shared ethical rejection of exploitative financial practices, with Islam presenting a strict and categorical prohibition, Judaism allowing conditional application within specific social boundaries, and Christianity emphasizing moral values such as compassion and generosity rather than formal legal prohibition. Novelty The study provides a structured comparative synthesis of textual, theological, and ethical dimensions of usury across the three religions. Implications These findings contribute to understanding how religious principles can inform contemporary discussions on economic justice and ethical financial systems. Highlights• Comparative interpretation reveals shared ethical rejection of financial exploitation• Distinct legal and moral frameworks identified across three religious traditions• Textual analysis connects religious teachings with socio-economic considerations KeywordsUsury; Comparative Religion; Abrahamic Traditions; Religious Ethics; Economic Justice
Numerical Simulation and Error Analysis of the Newton–Raphson Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations Abbas Mohsin Kazar
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13957

Abstract

General Background: Nonlinear equations frequently arise in engineering and applied sciences and require reliable iterative numerical techniques for accurate root approximation. Specific Background: Among classical root-finding approaches, the Newton–Raphson method utilizes first-order Taylor series expansion and derivative information to generate successive approximations with theoretically quadratic convergence. Knowledge Gap: Despite its theoretical advantages, detailed numerical simulation integrating convergence verification, residual decay analysis, sensitivity to initial guesses, and comparison with alternative classical methods across representative nonlinear equations remains limited in a unified framework. Aims: This study analytically derives the Newton–Raphson iteration from Taylor expansion, verifies its quadratic convergence, implements a complete Python-based simulator with iteration logging, and evaluates performance using four representative nonlinear equations, including polynomial, transcendental, and exponential cases. Results: Numerical simulations confirm machine-precision solutions within four to five iterations, empirical convergence order p≈2.00±0.05p \approx 2.00 \pm 0.05p≈2.00±0.05, rapid residual decay, and substantially fewer iterations compared with bisection and secant methods, while also demonstrating sensitivity patterns related to initial guesses near inflection or flat regions. Novelty: The study integrates rigorous derivation, numerical simulation, graphical convergence interpretation, residual evaluation, and comparative benchmarking within a single structured analysis of four canonical test equations. Implications: These findings provide validated guidance for selecting initial approximations, interpreting convergence behavior, and applying the Newton–Raphson method efficiently in numerical analysis and engineering computation contexts. Highlights: • Machine-Precision Solutions Obtained Within Five Iterations Across Representative Nonlinear Test Cases• Iteration Counts Substantially Lower Than Classical Interval-Halving and Derivative-Free Alternatives• Convergence Behavior Varies With Starting Approximation Near Inflection or Flat Function Regions Keywords: Newton Raphson Method, Nonlinear Equations, Quadratic Convergence, Numerical Simulation, Error Analysis.
Hybrid Composite of Inorganic Oxide (TiO2:WO3) for Remove Methyl Blue and Methyl Orange by Adsorption/Photo degradation Reaction Baraa Kasim Mohammed
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13959

Abstract

General Background: Semiconductor inorganic oxides such as titanium dioxide and tungsten trioxide are widely used in environmental remediation due to their stability and photocatalytic properties for pollutant removal. Specific Background: Binary TiO₂:WO₃ composites provide synergistic semiconductor behavior supporting adsorption and ultraviolet-assisted photodegradation of dye pollutants in aqueous media. Knowledge Gap: However, comparative removal performance toward methyl orange and methylene blue using combined adsorption and photocatalytic processes remains insufficiently clarified. Aims: This study prepared a TiO₂:WO₃ composite using TiOSO₄ precipitation with hydrogen peroxide and evaluated its activity toward removal of methyl orange and methylene blue. Results: X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed anatase, rutile, and WO₃ phases, while removal performance exceeded 80 percent for methyl orange and showed lower activity for methylene blue under combined processes. Novelty: The study demonstrates synergistic binary oxide activity supported by structural characterization and comparative dye removal behavior. Implications: The results support TiO₂:WO₃ composites as suitable materials for adsorption and photocatalytic dye removal applications in aqueous treatment systems. Highlights: • TiO₂ WO₃ Hybrid Structure Confirmed by XRD and Raman Characterization• Binary Oxide System Shows Higher Removal Performance for Methyl Orange Than Methylene Blue• Combined Adsorption and Ultraviolet-Assisted Reaction Achieves Removal Above 80 Percent Keywords: Titanium Dioxide, Tungsten Trioxide, Binary Oxide Composite, Photodegradation, Dye Removal.
Creative Thinking in Constructing a Theatrical Presentation System: Educational Theater Performances as a Model Reda Abdabuldhar Abd; Duaa Basem Ibrahim Ibrahim; Mohammed Ghani Jabbar Jabbar
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13960

Abstract

General Background: Educational theatre represents an interactive pedagogical approach that integrates artistic and educational dimensions through live performance and audience engagement. Specific Background: The construction of theatrical performance systems relies on the integration of directing, acting, scenography, and text, requiring structured yet flexible artistic coordination. Knowledge Gap: Despite its potential, many educational theatre practices remain constrained by traditional presentation patterns, limiting the application of creative thinking across performance elements. Aims: This study aims to reveal the concept of creative thinking and examine its role in constructing the theatrical performance system within educational theatre. Results: The findings indicate that performances based on psychological conflict, abstract scenography, and internal acting techniques stimulate reflective thinking, expand imagination, and promote intellectual interaction among audiences. Additionally, the integration of directing, acting, and scenography supports the delivery of educational values through indirect and non-preaching methods. Novelty: The study highlights creative thinking as a systemic and integrative process that reconfigures theatrical elements into a cohesive educational-artistic structure. Implications: These results suggest that educational theatre, when grounded in creative thinking, functions not merely as a presentation medium but as an intellectual tool that fosters critical awareness, imagination, and value-based learning. Highlights:• Psychological Conflict–Based Scripts Encourage Deeper Reflective Engagement in Audiences.• Abstract Staging Expands Interpretive Imagination Within Theatrical Experiences.• Integrated Performance Elements Support Value Transmission Through Indirect Expression. Keywords: Creative Thinking, Educational Theatre, Theatrical Performance System, Scenography, Acting Performance.
Improving the Economic Mechanism for Increasing the Efficiency of Service Enterprises Mullayeva Mexrangiz Axtam Qizi
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13961

Abstract

General Background: The service sector is a major driver of economic growth, employment, and structural transformation in modern economies. Specific Background: In the Samarkand region, service enterprises have expanded significantly during 2015–2024, supported by institutional reforms, digitalization, and growing demand for services. Knowledge Gap: Despite positive growth, challenges remain, including uneven infrastructure, limited financial resources, low technological modernization, and human capital constraints, indicating the absence of an integrated economic mechanism for improving efficiency. Aims: This study aims to analyze development trends and propose a scientifically grounded economic mechanism model to improve service enterprise efficiency. Results: The findings show more than fivefold growth in service volume, increased employment, rising labor productivity, and expanding digital services. Key determinants include institutional support, financial accessibility, infrastructure development, digital transformation, and human capital. Novelty: The study develops a comprehensive economic mechanism model integrating state regulation, market processes, innovation, and digital transformation to optimize service enterprise performance. Implications: The proposed model provides a foundation for regional economic policy, supporting productivity growth, service quality improvement, and balanced regional development in the service sector. Highlights:• Service Output Expanded Over Fivefold Alongside Rising Workforce Participation• Digital Adoption and Infrastructure Expansion Linked to Productivity Gains• Integrated Framework Combining Policy, Innovation, and Enterprise Systems Proposed Keywords: Service Sector, Service Enterprises, Economic Efficiency, Digital Transformation, Regional Development.
The Impact of Psychological Exercises in a Competitive Environment on Enhancing Mental Resilience and Endurance And development Some Types of Scoring in Futsal: Pengaruh Latihan Psikologis dalam Lingkungan Kompetitif terhadap Peningkatan Ketahanan Mental dan Daya Tahan Serta Pengembangan Beberapa Jenis Sistem Penilaian dalam Futsal Ahmed Mahmoud Shakir
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13963

Abstract

General Background: Psychological factors play a crucial role in shaping athletic performance and competitive success in sports contexts. Specific Background: Among these factors, psychological endurance and self-talk are widely recognized as key elements that support athletes in maintaining focus and managing performance demands. Knowledge Gap: However, limited empirical studies have examined the relationship between psychological endurance and self-talk within specific athletic populations. Aims: This study aims to identify the relationship between psychological endurance and self-talk in sports performance. Results: The findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between psychological endurance and self-talk, suggesting that athletes with higher endurance levels demonstrate more effective use of self-directed cognitive strategies. Novelty: The study provides an integrated perspective on the interaction between psychological endurance and self-talk within a sports setting. Implications: These findings offer practical insights for coaches and athletes to incorporate psychological training strategies that support performance consistency and mental resilience. Keywords: Psychological Endurance, Self Talk, Sports Performance, Mental Training, Athlete Psychology Key Findings Highlights Higher mental resilience is associated with stronger use of cognitive regulation strategies Internal dialogue patterns relate to consistency in athletic execution Psychological preparation supports stability during competitive situations
The Current Sentence in Surah Al-Imran: Ayat yang sedang dibacakan dalam Surah Al-Imran Assist.Lect. Samer Rahim Fazea; Assist.Lect. Riyam Shalal Abbas
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13964

Abstract

General Background: Arabic grammar plays a fundamental role in interpreting Qur’anic texts and understanding their linguistic precision. Specific Background: The science of i‘rab provides detailed syntactic analysis that clarifies meaning and reveals the structural relationships between words in the Qur’an. Knowledge Gap: Despite the richness of classical grammatical sources, there remains a need for focused analytical studies that synthesize grammatical interpretations across authoritative works. Aims: This study aims to examine selected Qur’anic structures through grammatical analysis based on classical Arabic sources. Results: The findings show that variations in syntactic interpretation can lead to nuanced differences in meaning, supported by references to established grammatical authorities. Novelty: The study integrates multiple classical perspectives to provide a structured analysis of Qur’anic syntax. Implications: The results contribute to a deeper understanding of Qur’anic language and support further research in Arabic linguistics and textual interpretation. Keywords: Quranic Grammar, I'rab Analysis, Arabic Syntax, Classical Linguistics, Qur’anic Interpretation Key Findings Highlights Syntactic variation reflects multiple layers of meaning in scriptural language Classical grammatical sources provide complementary interpretive perspectives Structural analysis clarifies relationships between linguistic elements
FACTORS AND DETERMINANTS OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG AGE GROUPS IN MOSUL Abdalrahim H. Eefan
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13970

Abstract

General Background: Hypertension is a major global health problem characterized by increased arterial pressure resulting from multiple behavioral, physiological, and pathological factors. Specific Background: In Mosul, limited recent epidemiological data exist, particularly among younger populations under 50 years of age diagnosed with hypertension. Knowledge Gap: There is insufficient localized evidence regarding dominant determinants and patient behavior related to hypertension management in this age group. Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among individuals under 50 in Mosul and to identify its main causes and management approaches. Results: Among 250 patients, hypertension was most prevalent in the 30–40 age group (49%). The leading determinants were psychological stress and difficult economic conditions, followed by kidney disease, obesity, smoking, and family history. Lifestyle modifications primarily included dietary changes (40%) and physical activity (30%), while treatment adherence varied, with only 52% taking medication regularly. Novelty: This study highlights the dominant role of socioeconomic hardship and psychological stress as primary contributors to hypertension in a younger population. Implications: These findings emphasize the need for targeted public health strategies addressing social conditions, stress management, and improved treatment adherence to control hypertension in similar populations. Highlights• Psychological burden and financial constraints emerge as dominant determinants• Highest proportion observed in individuals aged 30–40 years• Medication adherence remains inconsistent among diagnosed patients KeywordsHypertension; Psychological Stress; Socioeconomic Status; Young Adults; Lifestyle Modification
Business Legality and Halal Labeling in MSME Sales Volume Moh. Ma‘ruf; Riyan Sisiawan Putra; Anusuiya Subramaniam; Tri Siwi Agustina; Dwi Novitasari; Feri Ihsan Muzaki; Ana Lailatul Fitriya
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13980

Abstract

General Background: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in economic stability and development, particularly in Indonesia where they significantly contribute to employment and GDP. Specific Background: In Sidoarjo Regency, increasing competition among MSMEs with similar products has led to fluctuating sales volumes and reduced customer loyalty. Knowledge Gap: Despite the importance of regulatory compliance and religious assurance, limited empirical evidence explains how business legality and halal labeling relate to MSME sales performance at the local level. Aims: This study aims to examine the relationship between business legality, halal labeling, and sales volume of MSME products in Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency. Results: Using a quantitative survey with 79 respondents and multiple linear regression analysis, the findings indicate that both business legality and halal labeling show significant relationships with sales volume, supported by partial (t-test) and simultaneous (F-test) significance results. Novelty: This study provides localized empirical evidence integrating regulatory and religious product attributes within MSME sales analysis in a specific Indonesian district context. Implications: The findings highlight the importance for MSME actors to prioritize legal compliance and halal certification to strengthen consumer trust and support sales performance in competitive markets. Highlights: Legal compliance and certified product status are statistically linked to higher product demand levels. Religious assurance attributes contribute to purchasing decisions in predominantly Muslim markets. Combined regulatory and certification factors are associated with measurable variations in product turnover. Keywords: Business Legality, Halal Labeling, Sales Volume
The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives: A Narrative Review Lamyaa Kadhim Ouda
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13981

Abstract

General Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and progressive β-cell dysfunction, with increasing global prevalence and associated complications. Specific Background: Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defenses, has been increasingly recognized as a central factor in metabolic dysregulation and disease progression. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive research, uncertainties remain regarding the precise molecular pathways linking oxidative imbalance to insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and diabetic complications, as well as the translational value of antioxidant-based therapies. Aims: This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to elucidate key molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Results: Findings indicate that chronic hyperglycemia promotes excessive reactive oxygen species generation through mitochondrial dysfunction, polyol and hexosamine pathways, advanced glycation end-products formation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to impaired insulin signaling, β-cell apoptosis, inflammation, and vascular complications. Novelty: The study integrates molecular, cellular, and clinical perspectives into a comprehensive framework linking oxidative stress with metabolic dysfunction and disease progression. Implications: Improved understanding of oxidative stress mechanisms may support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, including antioxidant interventions and lifestyle modifications, for better management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Highlights: • Chronic Hyperglycemia Drives Reactive Oxygen Species Through Multiple Biochemical Pathways• Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Contribute to Metabolic Imbalance• Therapeutic Approaches Include Antioxidants, Pharmacological Agents, and Lifestyle Strategies Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Insulin Resistance, Antioxidant Therapy.

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