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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,384 Documents
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Flashcard Learning Media Improves Mathematics Outcomes in Elementary Students: Media Pembelajaran Flashcard Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar Febrianti Febrianti; Zulnuraini Zulnuraini; Khairunnisa Khairunnisa; Azizah Azizah; Dyah Aini Purbarani
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13905

Abstract

General Background: Mathematics learning in elementary schools often involves abstract concepts that are difficult for students to understand, requiring appropriate instructional media to support conceptual clarity. Specific Background: Fourth-grade students at SD Inpres Perumnas demonstrated low mathematics learning outcomes due to conventional teaching methods and limited use of interactive media. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not specifically examined the use of flashcard learning media in the context of Grade IV students at SD Inpres Perumnas, particularly for semi-abstract mathematical content such as geometric shapes. Aims: This study aims to determine the role of flashcard learning media in improving students’ mathematics learning outcomes. Results: Using a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach involving 28 students, the findings show a substantial increase in mean scores from 38.21 to 86.78, supported by paired sample t-test results with significance <0.001, indicating a statistically significant improvement. Novelty: The study provides empirical evidence within a specific local context and grade level, focusing on visual-concrete learning media for more complex elementary mathematics topics. Implications: Flashcard media can serve as an alternative instructional strategy to facilitate visual understanding, increase student engagement, and support improved learning outcomes in elementary mathematics education. Highlights• Significant score increase observed between pretest and posttest results• Visual-concrete media supports clearer understanding of geometric concepts• Student engagement during learning activities becomes more active and participatory KeywordsFlashcard Learning Media; Mathematics Learning Outcomes; Elementary Education; Visual Learning; Quasi Experimental Design    
Contextual FPB Fun Day Improves Numeracy Literacy and Conceptual Understanding: FPB Fun Day Kontekstual Meningkatkan Literasi Numerasi dan Pemahaman Konsep Eka Aprilia Salsabila; Sulhatul Habibah; Zuli Dwi Rahmawati
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13907

Abstract

General Background Mathematics learning in elementary schools plays a crucial role in developing logical thinking and problem-solving skills; however, it is often dominated by procedural exercises. Specific Background In the context of learning the greatest common factor (FPB) in class V MI Ma’arif NU Sukolilo, teaching practices remain focused on lectures and written tasks, limiting students’ conceptual understanding and numeracy literacy. Knowledge Gap This condition indicates a gap between concept-oriented mathematics learning and the conventional instructional practices that do not sufficiently engage students in contextual and meaningful experiences. Aims This study aims to describe the implementation of the FPB Fun Day co-curricular program and analyze its role in improving numeracy skills, FPB conceptual understanding, and numeracy literacy. Results Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the findings reveal that FPB Fun Day is implemented through contextual activities such as distributing objects evenly, increasing student participation, conceptual comprehension, and the ability to interpret and communicate mathematical problems. Students with higher abilities tend to apply conventional strategies, while those with difficulties benefit more from contextual approaches. Novelty The study introduces a co-curricular, experience-based learning model integrating FPB concepts with numeracy literacy through real-life activities beyond classroom routines. Implications The findings suggest that contextual and activity-based learning can serve as an alternative strategy for strengthening conceptual understanding and numeracy literacy, supported by teacher creativity, student engagement, and institutional support despite challenges in time management and varying student abilities. Highlights • Contextual activities using real objects support deeper mathematical reasoning• Learners with lower abilities gain clearer understanding through visual practice• Collaborative tasks promote active participation and logical problem solving Keywords FPB Fun Day; Mathematics Learning; Numeracy Literacy; Conceptual Understanding; Contextual Learning
Problem Based Learning and Student Creativity Development in Primary Education: Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dan Pengembangan Kreativitas Siswa di Pendidikan Dasar Mufida Nggolaon; Abdul Rahman; Nuraini Nuraini; Nurgan Tadeko; Roberto Rolly Bulalong
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13908

Abstract

General Background: Creativity is a fundamental 21st-century skill for elementary students, yet it remains relatively low due to teacher-centered learning practices. Specific Background: Observations in Grade 3 at SD Negeri 1 Tatura revealed limited student innovation, low confidence, and minimal active participation in problem-solving activities. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies largely focused on upper-grade students, used classroom action research, and rarely examined detailed subdimensions of creativity or specific school contexts. Aims: This study aims to examine the increase in student creativity through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model using a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups. Results: Findings show a significant difference between experimental and control groups (sig. 0.007 < 0.05), with higher posttest mean scores in the experimental class (49.42) than the control class (38.08). However, N-gain results indicate low overall improvement (0.2152) and uneven development across creativity indicators, with fluency categorized as high (0.7368), flexibility and elaboration as moderate (0.5538; 0.4985), and originality as low (0.1955). Novelty: This study applies a quantitative experimental approach focusing on Grade 3 students and analyzes creativity through detailed subdimensions within a specific school context. Implications: PBL supports increased student creativity but requires optimization, continuous guidance, and strategic implementation to ensure balanced development across all creativity indicators. Highlights• Significant difference found between experimental and control group outcomes• Highest gain observed in idea generation compared to other dimensions• Uneven development identified across multiple creativity indicators KeywordsProblem Based Learning; Student Creativity; Primary School; Quasi Experimental Design; Creative Thinking  
The Role of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Supporting Sustainable Tourism Development: An Analytical Study in the Hotel Sector (Case Study: Babylon Hotel) Muhsin Mahdi Rebat Al-kanany
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13916

Abstract

General Background: The global hotel industry is undergoing rapid digital transformation driven by artificial intelligence (AI) applications that support operational efficiency, guest experience, and sustainability. Specific Background: In the hospitality sector, AI technologies such as chatbots, virtual assistants, recommendation systems, and smart resource management tools are increasingly adopted to address rising customer expectations and environmental concerns. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing global attention, empirical evidence from Arab and Middle Eastern contexts, particularly Iraq, remains limited, with a lack of analytical studies assessing AI applications in sustainable tourism development. Aims: This study aims to examine the role of AI applications in supporting sustainable tourism development at the Babylon Hotel in Baghdad, focusing on guest satisfaction, service quality, and sustainability dimensions. Results: The findings reveal strong positive relationships between AI applications and guest satisfaction (r = 0.75), service quality (r = 0.80), and sustainability dimensions, including environmental (r = 0.68), economic (r = 0.72), and social (r = 0.65) aspects. Guests show high awareness and satisfaction with chatbots and personalized recommendations. Novelty: The study provides empirical evidence from the Iraqi hotel sector, addressing a regional research gap and integrating AI applications with the three dimensions of sustainability. Implications: The results highlight the importance of investing in digital infrastructure, developing AI-driven systems, and adopting sustainable resource management practices to support tourism development and operational performance. Highlights:• AI Tools Demonstrate Strong Association With Guest Satisfaction and Service Perception• Smart Systems Contribute to Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability Outcomes• Personalized Digital Services Receive High User Awareness and Acceptance Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Sustainable Tourism, Hotel Industry, Guest Satisfaction, Environmental Sustainability.
The Role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Accounting Disclosure in Enhancing Tax Planning and Corporate Governance: An Applied Study on Industrial Sector Companies in Salah Al-Din Governorate Yousif Hameed Nayyef
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13920

Abstract

General Background: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) accounting disclosure has become a central component in promoting transparency, sustainability, and responsible corporate practices in modern business environments. Specific Background: Industrial companies in Salah al-Din Governorate face increasing challenges related to weak governance practices, limited transparency, and inefficient tax planning, while ESG disclosure remains underutilized. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing global attention to ESG practices, there is limited empirical evidence on their integration with tax planning and corporate governance in emerging economies, particularly within Iraq’s industrial sector. Aims: This study aims to examine the role of ESG accounting disclosure in improving tax planning and corporate governance practices among industrial companies in Salah al-Din Governorate. Results: Using a descriptive-analytical approach and field survey data from 52 companies analyzed through SPSS, the findings indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between ESG disclosure and both tax planning and governance quality (R²=0.51). Social disclosure shows the strongest correlation (r=0.74), followed by environmental disclosure (r=0.68) and governance disclosure (r=0.65). Novelty: The study provides empirical evidence linking ESG disclosure with tax planning and governance within an emerging industrial context. Implications: The findings highlight the need for a national regulatory framework, improved disclosure infrastructure, and increased awareness to support sustainable reporting and strengthen governance and tax planning practices. Highlights:• Strong Statistical Relationship Identified Between Sustainability Reporting and Decision Quality• Social Dimension Shows Highest Correlation With Reputation and Regulatory Risk Reduction• Low Adoption Levels Indicate Structural Barriers in Reporting Practices Keywords: ESG Disclosure, Tax Planning, Corporate Governance, Industrial Companies, Sustainability Reporting.
Arab Liberation Movements During the Two World Wars: A Simplified Reading of Recent Writings Areej Abdul Karim Mohammed Al-Amri
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13922

Abstract

General Background: The Arab region experienced profound political transformations during the First and Second World Wars, shaping the emergence of liberation movements and modern national consciousness. Specific Background: The collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the rise of the Great Arab Revolt, and the imposition of the mandate system in Iraq and the Levant framed the trajectory of Arab nationalist struggles, later reinforced by the weakening of European colonial powers during the Second World War. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies vary in interpreting these movements, whether as outcomes of internal social and intellectual developments or responses to international geopolitical shifts, necessitating a synthesized analytical reading. Aims: This article aims to provide a simplified analytical review of recent writings on Arab liberation movements, focusing on their historical development, interpretive approaches, and interaction with global powers. Results: The findings indicate that Arab liberation movements emerged through a combination of intellectual awakening, socio-political mobilization, and international transformations, manifested in political organizations, revolutions, and resistance against Ottoman and colonial authorities, ultimately contributing to the gradual independence of Iraq and Syria. Novelty: The study offers an integrated perspective linking internal dynamics of Arab nationalist thought with external geopolitical changes through a descriptive-analytical synthesis of recent scholarship. Implications: These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the formation of modern Arab states and highlight the significance of sustained national resistance in shaping political sovereignty within both regional and international contexts. Highlights: • Intellectual Elites and Print Media Accelerated Early Nationalist Awareness• Diverse Resistance Strategies Ranged From Reformist Discourse to Armed Uprisings• Colonial Agreements Exposed Contradictions Between External Agendas and Regional Aspirations Keywords: Arab Liberation Movements, Arab Nationalism, World Wars, Mandate System, Independence Trajectories.
Common Factors and Nutrients Affecting Intestinal Villus Height Ali Abdul Ameer Ghadban; Israa Badi Khalaf; Ali M. Attai
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13925

Abstract

General Background: The avian digestive system exhibits structural adaptations that enable rapid digestion and nutrient absorption from diverse food sources. Specific Background: The small intestine, consisting of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, plays a central role in digestion, with morphological variations observed among bird species. Knowledge Gap: However, limited comparative data exist regarding how intestinal morphology, length, and weight differ among bird species with varying dietary patterns. Aims: This study aims to determine morphological characteristics and morphometric variations of the small intestine in seven bird species with different feeding types. Results: The findings reveal significant differences (p≤0.05) in intestinal length, weight, and structural configuration among species, with the mallard exhibiting the longest intestine and zebra finch the shortest, while variations in jejunum shape were identified as U-shaped, cone-shaped, or short and wide depending on species. The ratio of intestinal length and weight relative to body size also differed markedly. Novelty: This study provides a comparative morphological dataset linking intestinal structure with dietary variation across multiple avian species. Implications: These results contribute to understanding digestive adaptation in birds and provide anatomical references for veterinary and comparative physiology studies. Highlights: • Significant Variation in Intestinal Measurements Observed Across Seven Avian Species• Jejunum Configuration Differs Into Three Distinct Structural Patterns Among Species• Dietary Type Corresponds With Variation in Intestinal Proportions and Structure Keywords: Avian Anatomy, Small Intestine, Morphology, Digestive System, Bird Nutrition.
Study the Effect of the ultrasonic in the preparation of binary composites ZnO:AgO nanomaterials and its application in removal tetracycline : Studi tentang Pengaruh Gelombang Ultrasonik dalam Pembuatan Komposit Biner Nanomaterial ZnO:AgO dan Penerapannya dalam Penghilangan Tetrasiklin Ahmed A. Ismail
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13926

Abstract

General Background Nanostructured metal oxides have gained increasing attention due to their versatile applications in environmental remediation. Specific Background Zinc oxide-based nanomaterials, particularly when modified with silver, have been widely investigated for their photocatalytic properties under light irradiation. Knowledge Gap However, limitations remain in achieving efficient charge separation and improving photocatalytic performance under practical conditions. Aims This study aims to synthesize Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures and evaluate their structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties for dye degradation applications. Results The synthesized nanocomposites exhibit improved crystallinity, reduced particle size, and enhanced light absorption, leading to higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency compared to pure ZnO. Novelty The incorporation of silver into ZnO nanostructures provides a synergistic effect that optimizes photocatalytic activity through improved electron–hole separation mechanisms. Implications These findings contribute to the development of advanced nanomaterials for sustainable wastewater treatment and offer potential for broader environmental applications. Keywords: ZnO Nanostructures, Silver Doping, Photocatalysis, Dye Degradation, Nanocomposites Key Findings Highlights Ag incorporation modifies structural and optical behavior of ZnO materials Nanocomposites demonstrate superior degradation performance under light exposure Improved charge carrier dynamics observed in modified semiconductor systems
Genetic Factors of Human Milk and the Genomic Interaction Between Mother and Infant: Faktor Genetik pada ASI dan Interaksi Genomik antara Ibu dan Bayi Alyaa Abdulamir Attia
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13928

Abstract

General Background: Human milk is a complex biological system composed of nutrients, immune components, and regulatory molecules essential for infant development. Specific Background: Recent advances in genomic technologies, including RNA sequencing, genome-wide association studies, and multi-omics approaches, have enabled deeper investigation into the molecular composition of human milk. Knowledge Gap: Despite these advancements, the mechanisms underlying genetic regulation of milk composition and the bidirectional genomic interaction between mother and infant remain insufficiently understood. Aims: This study aims to analyze genetic factors influencing human milk composition and examine maternal–infant genomic interaction through a systematic review of studies published between 2019 and 2025. Results: The findings indicate that milk components such as proteins, lipids, oligosaccharides, miRNAs, and cell-free DNA are regulated by specific genes, including LALBA, FUT2, CSN2, LCN2, and BTN1A1, and are influenced by hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. Evidence also demonstrates dynamic molecular communication between mother and infant, affecting gene expression in both. Novelty: The study highlights human milk as a genetically adaptive system facilitating bidirectional genomic signaling. Implications: These insights support the development of personalized nutrition strategies, integration of multi-omics research, and application of artificial intelligence in understanding maternal–infant biological interactions. Keywords: Genetic Factors, Human Milk, Genomic Interaction, Breastfeeding, Molecular Regulation Key Findings Highlights Specific genes regulate variability in milk biochemical composition across individuals Molecular signals enable two-way biological communication between mother and infant Regulatory molecules contribute to immune and developmental programming mechanisms
Biophysical Characterization of DNA Fragment Separation by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: Quantitative Analysis of Electrophoretic Mobility : Karakterisasi Biofisik Pemisahan Fragmen DNA dengan Elektroforesis Gel Agarosa: Analisis Kuantitatif Mobilitas Elektroforesis Zeina Salman
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13932

Abstract

General Background: Agarose gel electrophoresis is a fundamental technique for separating DNA fragments based on size and charge in molecular biology and biophysics. Specific Background: Quantitative characterization of DNA migration behavior provides deeper understanding of electrophoretic mobility and molecular interactions within gel matrices. Knowledge Gap: Despite established theoretical models, precise quantitative relationships between DNA fragment size, topology, and migration dynamics under controlled conditions remain insufficiently detailed. Aims: This study aims to analyze the relationship between DNA fragment size and migration velocity, determine electrophoretic mobility values, and evaluate the role of DNA topology using image-based quantification. Results: The findings demonstrate an inverse exponential relationship between fragment size and migration velocity, with smaller fragments migrating faster than larger ones. Electrophoretic mobility values ranged from 0.25×10⁻⁴ to 0.829×10⁻⁴ cm²/V·s, while structural differences between circular single-stranded DNA and linear double-stranded DNA resulted in distinct migration behaviors and frictional resistance. Novelty: The study provides quantitative validation of electrophoretic principles using digital image analysis and highlights the role of molecular conformation in migration patterns. Implications: These results offer reference data for DNA fragment analysis and support improved interpretation of electrophoretic experiments in molecular biology applications. Keywords: Gel Electrophoresis, DNA Migration, Electrophoretic Mobility, Agarose Gel, Image Analysis Key Findings Highlights Smaller fragments exhibit faster movement under constant electric field conditions Molecular conformation produces distinct separation behavior despite equal mass Digital measurement enables precise evaluation of migration parameters

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