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Organocatalysis: A Revolutionary Approach in Organic Synthesis Ahmad, Kabiru Bashir; Chinedu, Emmanuel Kinsley; Pambani, Reuben; Adam, Ansar Bilyaminu; Abubakar, Musa Yahaya; Shamsuddeen, Ruslan
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3518

Organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis, enabling the efficient and selective formation of complex molecules. This review highlights the recent advances in organocatalysis, including the development of new catalysts, reactions, and applications. The advantages and limitations of organocatalysis are discussed, and its potential for scalability and sustainability is evaluated. The review also explores the mechanistic insights and future directions in this field, demonstrating the versatility and impact of organocatalysis in modern organic synthesis. This paradigm shift not only addresses the pressing environmental challenges but also paves the way for more innovative and economically viable synthetic strategies. As a result, organic synthesis is poised to play a crucial role in advancing pharmaceuticals, materials science, and agrochemicals, driving forward a more sustainable and resilient chemical industry.

Effect of Family Role and Law Enforcement Agencies Impact Analysis of Meth Mathematical Model of Drug Crime of Users in Nigeria O, Akpienbi Isaac; T, Ezra E.
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3519

This paper introduces a mathematical model that incorporates family dynamics and law enforcement into the transmission of methamphetamine and drug-related crime. The model's dynamic behavior, equilibrium existence, and global stability are analyzed using mathematical techniques. The research includes the exploration of equilibrium states representing drug crime-free and drug crime-persistent scenarios, as well as the determination of the reproduction number. The findings demonstrate that the drug crime-free equilibrium and drug crime-persistent equilibrium are asymptotically stable. Moreover, the study advises the government to develop and implement policies and strategies aimed at controlling and eradicating drug crime in Nigeria, with a specific focus on law enforcement agencies undertaking the implementation process.

Analysis of Access to Credit Facilities to Small-Scale Farmers in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria A, Olayiwola S.; B, Magaji S.
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3520

This study analyzed factors affecting access to credit facilities of small-scale farmers in Wukari Local Government area of Taraba State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 120 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Result revealed that, 59.2% of the respondents were male, average age was 34years and 43.3% of the respondents were married. The result also revealed that average household size was about 6 while 60.8% of the respondents acquired tertiary education. Majority (72.5%) of the respondents had access to credit and most (60.8%) sourced their loan through informal institution. Respondents (53.3%) agreed that there was misappropriation of credit and the reason for misappropriation was low yield of the farm outputs. The binary logistic regression revealed that educational level, annual farm income, farm size, membership of cooperative and age were significantly affected access to credit in the study area. The major constraints faced small-scale farmers in the study area were high interest rate (3.37), lack of collateral (3.28), low amount of loan (3.19) as well as delay in approval and disbursement (3.10). This study provides critical insights into the dynamics of credit access among small-scale farmers, offering a foundation for policy interventions and future research aimed at improving the financial inclusivity and economic resilience of this vital sector.

Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Pwadzu Dumpsite Wukari, Taraba State Winifred, Ronald Abhulimen; Imbasi, Andokari Alheri
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3521

This study examined the Arthropod abundance and diversity in Pwadzu Dumpsite Wukari, Taraba State with coordinates 7.8847° N, 9.7717° E, the objectives of the study includes; Identification and distribution of Arthropods in Pwadzu Dumpsite in Wukari Local Government Area, evaluation of the abundance and distribution of the Arthropods using ecological indices of abundance and assessing the physical and chemical parameters of the soil in the dumpsite. Three sampling methods were used to collect arthropods from the different survey sites namely: water traps, sweep nets and handpicking with the aid of forceps and hand gloves. Arthropods collected from the survey site were recorded in order to study the relative abundance and distribution of the species found in the dumpsite. The arthropods were placed in specimen bottles before taking to the laboratory for identification and preservation, the soil samples were analyzed for moisture content, organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for statistical difference between the mean of the physical parameters of the soil and arthropods of the sites; Duncan’s Multiple comparison of mean so as to measure similarities of the sampling stations. A total of 986 occurrence of arthropods were collected in Pwadzu dumpsite, A total of 15 arthropods species belonging to 14 families of 11 arthropod orders namely: Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Dictyoptera, Orthoptera, Spiropolida, Ixolida, Araneomorpha, Scorpionida and Lepidoptera, Meanwhile, the percentage value of the soil samples are: nitrogen (0.69), available phosphorus (130.83), Calcium (0.11), Potassium (4.55) respectively. The percentage of organic carbon was 2.39, percentage organic matter 4.13 and the percentage moisture is 12.41. The month of November indicated high value of Shannon-Wiener index (H1 = 1.821) which suggested this habitat of dumpsite had high diversity at that month than the October and December months period with values of 1.742 and 1.649 respectively. It indicated that there were high arthropod species diversity and abundance in Pwadzu suggests that there are relatively few successful species in this habitat in October and November. This study recommends that more studies should be done in order to establish the abundance and different types of arthropods inhabiting Pwadzu dumpsites.

Bee Keeping; An Alternative Source of Income Generation R, Umaru; W, Ronald A.
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3522

This study underscores Bee Keeping as an Alternative Source of Income Generation which involves construction of beehive and apiculture management practices. The result of this work covers the period of four (4) years. The results showed that the price of honey increases every year (2021; #2000, 2022; #2500, 2023; #3000 and 2024; # 4500 per litre. For the four years covered, a total of 219 litres were harvested and sold for the sum of #593,500. Beekeeping has many advantages aside financial or economic gains. Bees pollinate numerous species of plants, thus contributing immensely to agricultural production, cross breeding and the conservation of biological diversity. It generates income for the beekeepers. Apiculture requires little resources to set-up using local materials. It is less demanding, therefore, neither competes for time or other agricultural enterprises for land or space. It is not labour intensive and easy to keep. Apiculture is lucrative business and can be an alternative source of income for civil servants and others. It is a suitable enterprise for poverty reduction. It is compactable for all sexes, age and social status. The results of this work recommends that, both the government and non-governmental organisations need to embark on massive awareness campaigns toward bringing the improved methods to the poor majority of Nigerians, and appropriate policymaking to encourage and protect the apiculture business as this is a relatively new field in Nigeria.

Comparative Analysis of Snail Growth using Different Local Feeds S, Mamman G.; R, Umaru
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3533

This study aimed at comparing growth performance, establishing different locally available feeds and determine the most efficient among the feedstuff for snail using four different feeds (Moringa oleifera leaves, Carica papaya leaves, Citrillus lanatus peels and broiler starter mash for 16 weeks at the Forest Institute of Nigeria (FRIN). Forty (40) Archachatina marginata (African Snail) of 8 weeks were used for the study. The snails were randomly divided into groups of 10 snails each. The groups were randomly assigned to 3 local diets and a concentrate (manufactured feed) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The snails were housed in motor tyres and each was half filled with hot water-treated loamy soil 5cm depth .The soil was moistened two times daily by sprinkling of tap water. Pits were made round the tyres, filled with water mixed with condemned motor engine oil to scare away or trap ants and insects on entering the tyres to avoid disturbance. Feeds and water were provided throughout the study period which lasted for 16 weeks. Other management practices such as removing the leftover food, changing of water, removal of excreta were observed. The performance of the Archachatina marginata was assessed on the basis of weight gained, shell length and shell width. These parameters were measured using weighing balance and venier caliper. The Archachatina marginata treated with water melon peels showed better performance than other in terms of shell length (13.62 ± 0.31a) while the ones treated with concentrate were weightier (94.40 ± 1.07a). For circumference of the snail, the snails fed with concentrate performed better (32.36 ± 0.99), followed by 30.00 ± 0.92, 28.28 ± 0.35 and 25.32 ± 0.48 respectively. Similarly, significant weight difference(p<0.05) was noticed with the highest found in the snails treated with water melon peel (94.40 ± 1.07a) followed by Carica papaya leaves (87.00 ± 1.37b), followed by concentrate (80.00 ± 1.41c) then, Moringa oleifera leaves (74.40 ± 2.29d). It is recommended that, more natural feeds be experimented in feeding snails to test for growth and reproduction and government should sensitize and empower local farmers for snail farming.

Modeling and Inference of Insurance Sector Development on Nigeria Economic Growth Idi, Danjuma; Stephen, Mathew
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3534

This empirical study investigated the impact of insurance sector development on economic growth in Nigeria, covering the period 1999-2022. Utilizing statistical techniques, including Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests, regression modeling, Lagrange multiplier (LM) tests, and the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test for heteroskedasticity, the study revealed critical insights into the dynamic relationship between insurance sector and economic performance. The ADF test results indicated that the data series were stationary after differencing, confirming an integrated order of one (I(1)). The regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive impact of total insurance investment (TII) on economic growth in Nigeria, with a coefficient estimate of 0.753 (p < 0.01). Conversely, no significant relationship was found between total claims paid by insurance companies and economic growth in Nigeria, with a coefficient estimate of 0.033 (p > 0.05).Diagnostic tests revealed no evidence of serial correlation in residuals at lag 1, indicating no systematic pattern, and no significant heteroskedasticity was detected, signifying no systematic variance in residuals with changes in independent variables. Based on these findings, the study recommends that policymakers prioritize implementing measures to enhance the regulatory environment and promote innovation within the insurance industry, among other policy implications.

Effects of Project-Based Instructional Strategies on Colleges of Education Students’ Achievement, and Retention in Electronics Technology in North-East Nigeria Zechariah, Ishaku; Tumba, Ishaya
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3535

This study examined the Effects of Project-Based and Blended Instructional Strategies on Colleges of Education Students’ Achievement, Skills Acquisition and Retention in Electronics Technology in North-East Nigeria. College of Education is one of the tertiary institutions in Nigerian alongside other institutions like polytechnics, monotechnics etc. However, Colleges of Education are the institutions that are exclusively saddled with the responsibility of training teachers who will in turn teach at the Junior Secondary School level of education in Nigeria. They are expected to realise the objectives of NCE (T.) This implies that the graduates should invariably be technologist as well as agents of technological advancement both in the classroom and in the society. In the classroom, the NCE (T) teachers should keep in step with Educational Technology materials and strategies that are applicable to their discipline and level of training. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted Quasi -experimental design involving pre-test post-test control group. The population of the study was 73 Electronics Technology students in six Colleges of Education North-East Nigeria. The sample was 36 Electronics Technology students in three Colleges of Education. Digital Electronics Achievement Test (DEAT), Digital Electronics Retention Test (DERT) and Digital Electronics and DERT were tested for internal consistency using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The reliability coefficients of the instruments were found to be 0.915 and 0.895 respectively Data were collected and analysed using SPSS the research questions were answered using mean, standard deviation while t-test, ANCOVA and ANOVA statistical tools were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that there was significant difference in achievement test scores between ProBaIS and TIS strategy in favour of ProBaIS. More so, the results show significant differences in students’ achievement retention in favour of ProBaIS. Study also revealed that there was no significant difference in achievement test scores of male and female students when taught Digital Electronics Using ProBaIS. It was Recommended that ProBaIS should be encourage in Colleges of Education Electronics Lesson Delivery.

Perceived Availability, Accessibility, Usability, Training and Competence in Ict Resources as Predictors of Universities Biology Lecturers’ Productivity in North East, Nigeria Geoffrey, Jefferson
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3536

This study examined the perceived availability, accessibility, usability, training and competence in ICT resources by rank predict universities Biology lecturers’ perceived productivity and perceived availability, accessibility, usability, training and competence in ICT resources by rank and gender predict universities Biology lecturers’ perceived productivity. The study adopted the correlation research design. The study was carried out only in Federal Universities in North-East zone Nigeria. The zone is made up of six states namely Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe states. The population for the study comprised of 629 Biology lecturers. Sample of 315 Biology lecturers were drawn from Federal Universities in North east, Nigeria for the study as suggested by (Nwana 2005). 50% of the population was drawn as sample size for the study. Samples for the study were obtained from the six universities by Proportional stratified sampling technique. The actual selection of elements was done using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was titled “ICT Resources and University Biology Lecturers Perceived Productivity Questionnaire” (IRUBLPQ). The questionnaire used modified Likert scale response options of Very High Level (VHL), High Level (HL), Moderate Level (ML), and Low Level. The research instrument was validated by three experts. The experts were in Biology, Mathematics and Physics. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha method to determine the internal consistency of the items of the questionnaire. Reliability Coefficient of 0.74 was obtained for 10 items from perceived availability, accessibility, usability, training and competence instrument. Universities Biology lecturers’ perceived productivity instrument with 30 items gave a reliability coefficient of 0.77. The data for this study were collected by six research assistants, one for each of the six federal universities in the North East, Nigeria. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. Hypotheses one to two were tested using multiple regression analysis. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed perceived availability, accessibility, usability, training and competence in ICT resources by rank do not significantly predict universities Biology lecturers perceived productivity in North East, Nigeria. (R2 = 0.02, F = F = 2.455, P = 0.25) and perceived availability, accessibility, usability, training and competence in ICT resources by gender do not significantly predict universities Biology lecturers’ perceived productivity in North East, Nigeria. (R2 = 0.03, F = 2.94, P = 0.1). Based on the findings of the study, since evidence from the P- value revealed that perceived availability, accessibility, usability, training and competence in ICT resources do not significantly predict the university Biology lecturers perceived productivity in north east, Nigeria’ based on rank. Therefore, university Biology lecturers should be encouraged to incorporate ICT resources in their teaching irrespective of rank. Also results from the study revealed perceived availability, accessibility, usability, training and competence in ICT resources do not predict university Biology lecturers’ perceived productivity of in north east, Nigeria based on gender. Therefore, both male and female university Biology lecturers should be encouraged to be engaged in ICT resources during their research and teaching programs.

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Coronilla valentina Gambo, Bulus Godiya; Mercy, Magomya Asabe; Ifeoma, Iyen Sandra
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3537

This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Coronilla valentina. The leaves and stems of the plant were air-dried, powdered, and extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids in both leaf and stem extracts. The quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in the crude extracts of Coronilla valentina revealed notable concentrations in both leaves and stems. In the leaf extract, phenols were found to be the most abundant at 2.43 mg/g, followed by alkaloids at 2.23 mg/g, flavonoids at 2.21 mg/g and saponins at 0.43 mg/g. Conversely, the stem extract exhibited a different pattern, with tannins being the most abundant at 2.54 mg/g, followed by phenols at 2.10 mg/g, alkaloids at 1.70 mg/g, flavonoids at 1.14 mg/g and saponins at 0.33 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay across concentrations from 0.0313 to 0.500 mg/mL, with ascorbic acid as the standard. Absorbance readings for the leaf and stem extracts decreased with increasing concentrations, whereas percentage inhibition increased, indicating enhanced antioxidant activity at higher concentrations when compared to the standard. Methanol extracts of both the leaf and stem demonstrated higher radical scavenging activity with percentage inhibition of 64.76% and 71.64% respectively. Among the tested extract of both the leaf and the stem, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited lower IC50 value demonstrating stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 0.069 and 0.068 ug/mL, which is comparable to the standard with an IC50 0f 0.069 mg/mL. while hexane extracts of both the leaf and stem revealed higher IC50 value with an IC50 value of 0.29 and 0.17 ug/mL indicating weak antioxidant activity. Our findings in this study support the potential use of Coronilla valentina as a source of natural antioxidants.

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M. Irwan Hadi

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+6285799379817

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Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA