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Prevalence of Malaria Parasitemia (MP) and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Co-Infection Among HIV/AIDS Patients, Jalingo, Taraba State Y., Akwa Vera; Patricia, Okonofua Eghe; Daniel, Ifraimu; David, Bando Christopher; Haruna, David Ephraim; Nashuka, Adamu Tutuwa
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3294

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cannot be called a particular diseases or infection, but it could rightly be referred to as a phenomenon or syndrome that breaks through the body defense mechanism gradually which exposes the body to all kind of diseases resulting in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This Study focused on the prevalence of malaria and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) in people living with HIV. The result of the study has revealed that out of 148 HIV patients attending clinic at government house clinic Jalingo, 114 (77%) tested positive for malaria and 13 tested positive to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a prevalence of 8.8%. An association between HIV and occupation was evaluated, high risk occupation, based on the exposure to associated risk factor (student, civil servants and business men) accounted for high prevalence of 75.6%, while low risk occupation (housewives and farmers) accounted for 24.5%. 91(61.4%) of the patients reside in the rural areas while 57(38.5%) reside in the urban area. It was observed that male of both rural and urban area within the age group of 26-30 and 41-45 years presented a higher prevalence of 39% and 18.2% respectively while patients of both rural and urban area within the age group of 0-5 and 11-15 years accounted for a lower incidence rate with only 2.4% and 4% respectively.

A Combination of ARIMA Models and Neural Networks in Forecasting Nigerian Exchange Rate Olawale, Oluwaseun Johnson; Adashu, Daniel Jacob
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3367

Over the years, the United States Dollar, European Euro, and the British Pound Sterling exchange rate to Nigerian Naira has been on the increase. It has become pertinent to identify robust models that will help to cope with the variability associated with the increase in exchange rate. Several studies showed the ARIMA method to be highly useful in modelling and forecasting exchange rates. However, not much work has been done on modelling and forecasting Nigerian Exchange rate using machine learning models which is the focus for this study. The models we used in the study are; the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and ARIMA-ANN models. Secondary data obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) were used. The results showed that the most appropriate model out of the three time series models considered for these exchange rates is the ARIMA-ANN which produced a better forecast compared to ARIMA and ANN. This conclusion was based on the lowest standards of prediction accuracy which ARIMA-ANN produced the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values for the three different currencies we compared against the naira. Based on the continuous increase in the Nigerian Exchange Rate, the Government and policymakers should take economic measures to avoid the persistent downfall of the Nigerian Naira.

Assessment of Five Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Catfish-Clarias gariepinus from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba State, Nigeria Johnson, Gani; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Yakubu, Joshua; Audu, Stephen I.
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3368

Water is also a vital resource for agriculture, manufacturing and other human activities. In urban areas, the careless disposal of industrial effluents and other wastes into rivers may contribute greatly to the poor quality of river water. This research is to assess the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Catfish-Clarias gariepinus and the sediment from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba state, Nigeria. The level of heavy metals in water, sediment and catfish from the study area were assess and the estimate contamination factor and pollution load index in the sediment of the study area was also access and compared with the WHO results and other relevant standards. The results shows that the concentration of heavy metal in fish was within the WHO permissible limits. Also the concentration of Pb, Zn and Ni in catfish were significantly (P≤0.05) higher compared to the metals but they were within the WHO permissible limits except for Cd. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment were within the acceptable WHO and USEPA limits, except for Cd, and Mn. PLI values for sediment from all the sites were less than one, implying that the sediment was unpolluted. The persistence of heavy metals in water, fish and sediment samples from the studied areas over time might lead to potential health risk on both humans and aquatic lives via food ingestion. Changes in water and sediment chemistry might be responsible for the variations in the chemical properties of sediment, water and fish.

Using the Residue Theorem to Compute Real-Valued Integrals T, Ezra, E.; O, Akpienbi, I.
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3369

Complex analysis is a branch of mathematics that studies complex numbers. Cauchy’s residue theorem is a very important theorem in complex integral calculus. Many researchers have studied and tried applying it in different academic fields. In this paper, we studied the residue theorem and used it to compute some complicated real-valued integrals that appeared to be difficult in computing in the domain of real numbers. This is done by first converting the real-valued function to a complex-valued function, obtain the residue of the function and then apply the residue theorem to obtain the value of the integral.

Synthesis of SiO2/TiO2 Core – Shell Nanofibres for Photodegradation of Hexamethyldisiloxane Kamba, E. A.; Daniel, E. B Attah
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3370

As the world faces the increasing energy demands of its growing population a number of novel and renewable energy sources are being investigated as replacement agents for conventional fossil fuel species. In this study SiO2/TiO2 core–shell nanofibres were synthesised and characterised using facile experimental procedures. The synthesized catalyst was utilized for photodecomposition of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMS) in biogas. The results obtained revealed that by the decomposition properties of the created material it was possible to establish a photocatalyst equipped with properties capable of decomposing siloxanes in biogas with high efficiency.

Evaluation of Potential in Wonderful Kola (Buchiolizia coreica) Seed Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Male Wister Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Onyinyechi, Nwachukwu Favour; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen; Galam, Nanyak Zingfa
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3388

Diabetes mellitus is referred to as a metabolic disorder in which there is high glucose level in the blood as a result of insulin deficiency, resistance or both. Globally, it has been deducted that the adult population with diabetes will rise by 69% for the year 2030. Thus, Bucholzia Coriacea (B. Coriacea) a perennial plant belonging to the family capparidaceae and genus Bucholzia is popularly known as wonderful kola. It’s also known as wonderful kola, its other name is called Garcinia kola .it has a long history of use in west Africa and central Africa, thus, the study on evaluation of potential in wonderful kola (buchiolizia coreica) seed extract on streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in male wister rats. Material and Methods: Fresh seeds of B. coriacea were plucked and washed with distilled water, the filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator and water bath. The extract was then weighed and stored in a refrigerator. 100g of crude extract and 1000mg of metformin was properly dissolved in 10ml of distilled water. The rats were carefully selected and separated into cages. 7 albino rats were used for normal control while 4 rats were kept in each of the remaining cages, and 6 replications were obtained, the test was carried out carefully by injecting the alloxan into the rats intraperitoneally and infecting them with diabetes mellitus, the following sets were made: normal group, negative and positive control group, while three groups were for extracts dosage. With exception of the normal control, all the groups were induced with diabetes. The extract (stem bark of Mangifera indica) will be administered orally to the three set of groups separately (i.e., one extract to one set). Determination of Fasting Blood Glucose Level by Intestinal Glucose Absorption. Results: Treatment groups receiving methanol Wonder Kola seed extract showed varying degrees of improvement in these parameters compared to the negative control group. Notably, Group VI, receiving the highest dose of the extract, demonstrated the most significant reduction in urea levels, suggesting a potential protective effect on renal function. The study investigated the effects of Wonder Kola seed extract on serum electrolytes, urea, and creatinine levels in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Notably, significant variations were observed in these biochemical parameters across the different treatment groups. The study assessed the effects of methanol Wonder Kola seed extract on liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and serum protein levels (total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin). Significant variations were observed in these parameters among the treatment groups compared to the normal and negative control groups. Treatment with the extract led to notable reductions in liver enzyme levels, indicating potential hepatoprotective effects. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the potential pharmacological benefits of methanol Wonder Kola seed extract in managing diabetes mellitus and associated complications.

Mathematical Modelling of Crime Rate and Prison Population in Nigeria Ebelechukwu, Okorie Charity; Maina, John Blessing; Chinonye, Nwoke Francisca
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3389

Human beings and society are susceptible to criminality and so criminality can be likened to an oil that is capable of staining a very white garment when it comes in contact with the white garment. That is why no society can claim to be completely free from crime. The types of criminal behavior depend on the social and economic development of a given society. It is therefore not unexpected that a society at a low level of development tends to experience an upsurge in the rate of violent crimes such as armed robbery, politically motivated killings, the use of illegal weapons, ethnic and religious clashes, and the like. To examine the relationship between the crime rate and the number of prison inmates in Nigeria. Secondary data was used in this study. The data were on various crimes committed within the period of one year and the data were collected from the National Bureau of Statistics. Multiple linear regression modelswere used to carry out the analysis. The result it shows that the top five states with the highest number of criminals and prison populations are Lagos, Rivers, Delta, Abuja, and Kano States.

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anti-Malaria Potential of Wonderful Kola (Buchiolizia coreica) Seed Extract in Male Wister Rats Umar, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen; Nanmar, Chakfa; Umaru, Isaac John
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3390

One of the areas for the search for new antimalarial drugs is from the claimed antimalarial plants from the African flora. Only few of these claims have been authenticated by scientific investigation. Plants form the major part of treatments used by traditional healers in many societies, Bucholzia Coricea (B. Coriacea) a perennial plant belonging to the family capparidaceae and genus Bucholzia is popularly known as wonderful kola. Earlier studies carried out on different parts of this plant shows that it has great medicinal potentials thus, the evaluation of antibacterial and anti-malaria potential of wonderful kola (Bucholzia Coricea) seed extract in male Wister rats. Material and Methods: Fresh seeds of B. coricea were plucked and washed with distilled water, concentrated using rotary evaporator. Standard antibacterial agent (30 μg) tetracycline, antimicrobial susceptibility test discs and Nutrient agar was used. 100g of crude extract taken into a conical flask, the crude extracts were tested by disc diffusion method on nutrient agar medium. selected bacteria were used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of Bucholizia Coricea seed, Escherichia coli (ATCC©25922), Salmonella typhi, (ATCC©14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC©25923) and Kliebselia pneumonia, (ATCC©19155). A total of seventy-eight Swiss albino mice (18-25 g) of both sexes were used in the study. Eighteen for acute toxicity study while thirty were used for each of the in vivo antiplasmodial test. Results: antibacterial; higher inhibition was observed at 400µg/mL on Klebsiella pneumonia at 15.14 + 0.07mm when compared to standard 21.19+ 0.03mm. while the curative effect of the extract in P. berghei infected rats at 40mg/kg show significant parasitaemia density to be 30.98+4.30 and pre(D3) was 2.90+0.11mm** with survival time at post (D7) to be 29.67+0.21mm when compared to CQ as standard drug control with 10mg/kg. Conclusion: This study has however stablished the rationale for the traditional use of this plant in Nigeria and like many others, proved that medicinal plants which have folkloric reputations for anti-bacterial and antimalarial properties, thus, as an agent.

NMR Study of Photo-Oxidation of Styrene Kamba, Emmanuel Alhassan; Daniel, Emmanuel Baaku Attah
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3391

In this study, CeO2 and several Co metal ions doped CeO2 were synthesized through hydrothermal method and tested for photocatalyzed oxidation of styrene. The characterization data obtained on XRD, EDX and SEM showed the formation process of the synthesized nanoparticles of various sizes as well as the structure of the crystals. Catalyst immobilization technique was utilized to perform a “pseudo” in-situ photo-oxidation of styrene using NMR spectroscopy. Using molecular oxygen as the oxidant, 0.3 mol % Co-doped CeO2 showed the highest conversion of 45 % while the selectivities for styrene oxide and benzaldehyde were 38 % and 51 % respectively. As revealed by the kinetic study in this work, the photo-oxidation reaction proceeded according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The synthesized catalyst showed high stability and reusability over several photo-oxidation cycles. CeO2 is indeed a promising catalyst ideal for photo-oxidation reactions to produce styrene oxide.

Fish Diversity, Abundance and Gear Usage in the Lower River Benue, Ibi Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria Igbani, Flourizel; Abhulimen, Ronald Winifred; Samaila, Fwaseh
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3517

The Lower River Benue is one of the largest inland ecosystems in Nigeria and has suffered depletion of fisheries resources which attest to the increasing rate of anthropogenic activities. The study therefore eval_uates the fish diversity, composition, abundance and fishing activities in the Lower River Benue. The study was designed to have three (3) sampled stations, the selected stations were: A-Baruwana, B-Gugu-audulahi and C- Basibi. The stations were sampled for fish with the fisherfolk, two times a week for three (3) months, from October to December, 2022. Fish caught were identified with the aid of identification keys. A total catch of 17,400 comprising of 55 fish species belonging to 23 families, 14 orders and 42 genera were recorded, including two (2) amphibians (Chelonoidis niger and Pelophylex kl. esculentus); species family diversity recorded the highest with the family Mormyridae (14.55%) with 8 species, while Dischondontidae, Bagridae, Protopteridae, Malapteruridae, Ariidae, Hepsetidae, Latidae, Osteoglossidae, Channidae, Nephropidae, Tetraodontidae, and Ampullariidae (1.82% each) were recorded the least with 1 species respectively; relative abundance was recorded highest with L. Senegalensis (8.57%), while least in C. zillii and T. lineatus with (0.01%) each. Six (6) traditional fishing gears were identified from the local fisherfolk with their local names (in Hausa): Long Line (Mari-mari), Gura net trap (Mali), Scoop net (Hooma), Cast net (Birgi), Gill net (Raga-bilili) and Hook and line (Kugiya). Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) recorded highest kilograms (17.83kg/day) in Station A, while the least kilograms (5.82kg/day) was recorded in Station C. Analysis of variance (ANOVA, P<0.05), showed that there was no significant difference in fish species diversity and relative abundance within groups (stations). It is highly recommended that the anthropogenic activities along the River should be monitored to avoid overfishing of its fishery resource for biodiversity management, conservation, water quality for survival and reproduction towards fish sustainability.

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M. Irwan Hadi

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+6285799379817

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Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA