African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research aims to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed research that advances biochemical and molecular understanding of living systems while supporting interdisciplinary developments across the life sciences. • Biochemical Advancement: disseminate rigorous studies in fundamental and applied biochemistry, including molecular mechanisms, metabolism, enzymes, membranes, and biomolecular interactions. • Molecular and Cellular Inquiry: encourage research in molecular biology, genetic and cellular regulation, pathogen biology, and biologically relevant analytical methods. • Life-Science Integration: promote interdisciplinary work linking biochemistry and molecular biology with biotechnology, physiology, microbiology, pharmacology, pathology, and health science. • Scientific Relevance and Application: support research that contributes to biomedical, environmental, agricultural, nutritional, and translational scientific problems. AJBMBR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in biochemistry, molecular biology, and associated life-science fields, especially studies with strong methodological grounding and clear scientific relevance. • Core Biochemistry: macromolecular biochemistry, enzymology, membrane biochemistry, nutritional biochemistry, reproductive and developmental biochemistry, and biochemical regulation of cellular processes. • Molecular and Biomedical Sciences: molecular biology, medical and clinical biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, microbiology, parasitology, malariology, and related disease-oriented biosciences. • Biotechnology and Bioinformatics: biotechnology, computational biology, bioinformatics, molecular data analysis, and applied laboratory innovation. • Health and Natural Product Sciences: phytomedicine, food science, health science, toxicology, and biophysics relevant to biomolecular or physiological understanding. • Environmental and Applied Biosciences: environmental biochemistry and other biochemical applications connected to biological systems, sustainability, and applied life-science research.
Articles
94 Documents
<![CDATA[Heavy Metals Tolerant Bacteria Detection from Selected Scrap Metal Dump Site: A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Haladu Mahmud Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Mukhtar Umar Nasir]]>;
<![CDATA[Ansar Bilyaminu Adam]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruslan Shamsuddeen]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3468
<![CDATA[This study aimed to detect heavy-tolerant bacteria from selected scrap metal dump sites. Heavy metals are the major setbacks to many forms of life and their presence in the ecosystem rapid increase of heavy metal contamination is due to anthropogenic activities, rampant scrap metal waste disposal, and other industrial wastes. Bacteria were found to be among the many microorganisms that can tolerate many heavy metals and can as well reduce their toxicity or even convert them to useful resources. This study aims to detect the heavy metal concentration and the bacterial species capable of tolerating the identified heavy metals from selected metal dump sites. The heavy metals content of the soil samples was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Standard methods of enrichment culture and colony count were used to isolate a total of 12 bacterial species. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence-based molecular systematics, the 12 isolates were identified and grouped into one genus (Bacillus). It was observed from the results that the heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Cr) concentrations found to be high above the WHO permissible limits (Copper-2.0, Zinc-3.0, Lead-0.4, Chromium-0.05, and Cadmium-0.03). Therefore, the bacterial isolates capable of surviving at such levels of heavy metals could have a potential application in the bioremediation and bioleaching of heavy metal contaminants.]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of the Hypoglycaemic Effect of the Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Vitellaria paradoxa on Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Fidelis Okii Ekpo]]>;
<![CDATA[Emmanuel Mamman]]>;
<![CDATA[Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu]]>;
<![CDATA[Janya Danjuma]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3469
<![CDATA[This study investigates the hypoglycaemic effects of the ethanol stembark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa on hyperglycemic rats. It also investigates the phytochemical content of ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa using the method of Soforh. The result shows that the ethano| stem/bark of the plant contains Tannins 3.92/mg/100g, Alkaloid 7.12/mg/100g, Flavonoids 1.03/gm/100g, phenolics 12.72/mg/100g, Glycosides 4.13/gm/100g, saponins 2.15/mg/100g respectively. The hypoglycemic properties of ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa were investigated using Fifteen albino Wister rats weighing between 200g to 230g were induced with alloxan monohydrate to make them diabetic. The rats were divided into five groups of three rats. The first group were not induced, tagged normal. The second groups were induced sstandard drug glibenclamide throughout the study period. The fourth groups were induced and treated with 250/mg/kg body weight of the ethanol stem/bar extract of Vitellaria paradoxa throughout the study period. The fifth groups were induced and treated with 500/mg/kg body weight of the extract. The fasting blood glucose level of the rats were taken every three days’ interval for 21 days. At the end of 21 days, the rats treated with 250/mg/kg body weight which started with elevated blood glucose level after induction of 207/mg/dl reduces to 124/mg/dl, similarly the treated with 500/mg/kg body weight of the extract with initial elevated blood glucose level after the induction with diabetic of 221/mg/dl got reduced to 145/me/dl. This indicates that ethanol bark tract of Vitellaria paradoxa showed hypoglycemic properties.]]>
<![CDATA[In-Vitro Estimation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Antioxidant Contents and Determination of Flavonoid, Amino Acid, and Vitamin Profiles of Ethanol Seed Extract of Annona squamosa Linn ]]>
<![CDATA[Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu]]>;
<![CDATA[Jankada Patience Audu]]>;
<![CDATA[Arowora Kayode Adebisi]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3470
<![CDATA[The aim of this research is to analyse the flavonoid, amino acid, and vitamin profiles of ethanol seed extract of Annona squamosa using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fruits of Annona squamosa were collected from Takum, Taraba State, the seeds were removed from the fruit washed with water, dried in the shade and then pulverized into fine powder. For the crude extraction, the method adopted by Yakubu et al. (2020) was adopted for this protocol. The IC50 of the seed was found to be 3.87. The total flavonoid content was significantly higher (182.76±0.61) compared with the total phenolic compound (70.34±3.04). A reliable detection and peak resolution were obtained from the HPLC analysis. The result showed the presence of nine amino acids, which include; Threonine (9.6%), Phenyl Alanine (17.0%), Aspartic Acid (26.0 %), Glutamic acid (16.0%), Leucine (5.7%), Iso-Leucine (5.3%), Glycine (5.0 %), Arginine (2.3), Glutamine (13.2%), three vitamins; vitamin K (0.4%), vitamin B1(63.0 %) and B3 (36.6%), and three flavonoid compounds Trolox (0.2%), Quercetin (2.1%) and Coumaric acid (97.7%) in plant sample. The phytochemical study confirms that the seed of Annona squamosa rich sources of amino acids such as and these herbal raw materials can exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities.]]>
<![CDATA[Environmental Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Water and Sediments along Ibi Troughs North-East Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Habiba Idris Adam]]>;
<![CDATA[Otitoju Oluwale]]>;
<![CDATA[Arowora Kayode Adebisi]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikrimah Usman Mohammed]]>;
<![CDATA[Iornenge Terungwa Joseph]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3471
<![CDATA[This study aimed to evaluate the risk associated with microplastics along river Ibi. Water and sediment samples were collected from five (5) sites each along river Ibi 100m apart. The surface sediment was sampled in all cases to approximately 5-cm depth using a Van Veen grab (25 cm2). Microplastics particles were identified using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra of the water and sediment showed bands and wave numbers of between 3275 cm-1 and 1033 cm-1 as the prominent peaks. The peaks at these frequencies were strong, broad and medium, which suggest the presence of compounds with the functional groups of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, amines, alkyl halide, nitro compound, carbonyl bond, carboxylic acids and alcohols in the samples. The review analysis also shows that various polymer types have been covered in the studies polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) is the dominant polymer types found in all environmental matrices. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment shows hazard indices above one at every sampling location in river Ibi, indicating that drinking water from these water bodies may present serious health risks, including cardiovascular and non-carcinogenic health issues. The results obtained from this study showed that water from the sampling locations are not suitable for human consumption and also confirm the presence of microplastic in river Ibi.]]>
<![CDATA[Exploring the Chemical Properties and Mechanisms of Herbal Remedies in Moringa, and Ginger in Managing Chronic Diseases: Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Musa Yahaya Abubakar]]>;
<![CDATA[Twan Sale Mathew]]>;
<![CDATA[Ansar Bilyaminu Adam]]>;
<![CDATA[Kabiru Bashir Ahmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Hylalibiya Ataitiya]]>;
<![CDATA[Aminu Ado Kaugama]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3472
<![CDATA[Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to treat various ailments. Natural products, derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms, have been used for centuries as a source of medicinal compounds in traditional and modern herbal remedies. Understanding the chemical properties and mechanisms of action of these remedies is crucial for their effective and safe application in managing chronic diseases. This review explores the effectiveness of herbal remedies in managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders. It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach combining herbal and conventional medicine, reducing healthcare costs and improving patient outcomes. The review includes 10 studies investigating the efficacy of herbal remedies in managing chronic diseases in Moringa and Ginger. Moringa, a valuable plant in traditional and modern medicine, has diverse therapeutic effects, making it beneficial for managing chronic diseases. Ginger, a powerful herbal remedy with bioactive compounds like gingerols, shogaols, zingerone, and paradols, is also considered a powerful natural treatment due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiemetic, and anticancer activities. Understanding the chemical properties and mechanisms of action of these remedies can help develop effective treatments for chronic diseases and enhance their integration into modern medicine.]]>
<![CDATA[Review: Neurochemical Aspects of Mental Health and Neurological Diseases ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Nwofor Innocent]]>;
<![CDATA[Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3473
<![CDATA[Neurochemistry is the study of chemicals, including neurotransmitters, hormones, and other molecules, that influence the function and behavior of the nervous system. This field has evolved significantly since the early 20th century, driven by key discoveries and technological advancements such as Neurotransmitters and Mental Health, "Neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are fundamental in regulating mood, cognition, and behavior. Disruptions in these systems are implicated in various psychiatric disorders". Also, Neurotransmitter Imbalances and Mental Disorders: this is the Alterations in neurotransmitter levels, such as serotonin and dopamine, are associated with the symptoms of depression and schizophrenia". Then the GABAergic dysfunction is linked to anxiety disorders, highlighting the role of inhibitory neurotransmission in mental health". As well as Role of Neurochemicals in Specific Disorders: where low serotonin levels are commonly found in individuals with depression, leading to the development of SSRIs as a treatment". The review also look into Schizophrenia which is associated with both hyperactivity and hypoactivity of dopamine pathways, which influences treatment strategies", as well as the Neurochemical Pathways and Mechanisms: The HPA axis plays a critical role in the stress response, and its dysregulation which is linked to mood disorders". Dopaminergic pathways, including the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal systems, are essential for reward and motor control" as well as the Neurotransmitter Receptors and Transporters, Serotonin receptors, such as 5-HT1A, are critical in mood regulation and are targeted by many antidepressants". The central point of disorder "Dopamine transporters are involved in the re-uptake of dopamine and are implicated in disorders like ADHD and addiction". Thus, Neuroinflammation and Mental Health: which Increased neuroinflammation is associated with depression, with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in affected individuals", "Microglia and their role in neuroinflammation and psychiatric disorders are all the key area of the research."]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization and the Influence of Additive on the Interfacial Bonding between Cocoa Fruit Shell Powder and Polypropylene-Based Composite ]]>
<![CDATA[Ago M. A]]>;
<![CDATA[Gani J]]>;
<![CDATA[Joshau Y]]>;
<![CDATA[Bifam M]]>;
<![CDATA[Dass P. M]]>;
<![CDATA[Martha J]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3474
<![CDATA[Agricultural residues are excellent alternative materials to lignocellulosic materials because they are inexpensive, easily processed, plentiful, and renewable. Optimization and the influence of additive on the interfacial bonding between Cocoa fruit shell powder and Polypropylene-based composite was carried out. The methods use include, water absorption, tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, and SEM. From the studies it was shown that the water absorption property of the composites decreases with increase in CaCO3 content in the matrix for all the composites investigated. The tensile strength of the modified composite increases with additive. The impact strength results are 4.17 kJ/m3 to 5.58 kJ/m3 for unused/treated composites, 3.47 kJ/m3 to 5.27 kJ/m3 for waste/treated composites. It was observed that the hardness for the modified composite ranges from 39 MPa to 63 MPa for unused polypropylene/treated and, 33.43 MPa to 52.77 MPa for waste polypropylene/treated composites. Based on SEM images, it can be said that the use of Alkaline treated Cocoa fruit shell powder and microcrystalline cellulose resulted in better-dispersed structures in the polymer matrix. This project mitigates environmental impact without compromising structural integrity by exploring Theobroma cacao and Polyethylene modified composite materials.]]>
<![CDATA[Exploring the Links between Genetics and Diseases: Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Chabunda Endashi Esseyi]]>;
<![CDATA[Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Akafa Andes Tensaba]]>;
<![CDATA[Dafup Kadel Istifanus]]>;
<![CDATA[David Umahi]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3482
<![CDATA[This review article delves into the intricate connections between genetics and diseases, exploring how genetic variations influence the development and progression of various health conditions. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research in the field of genomics, highlighting key discoveries that have advanced our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of diseases. We examine both monogenic and polygenic disorders, illustrating how mutations in single genes or complex interactions among multiple genes contribute to disease phenotypes. Furthermore, the review discusses the role of epigenetics and gene-environment interactions in modulating disease risk and expression. By synthesizing current findings, this article underscores the potential of genetic research in paving the way for personalized medicine and targeted therapies, offering new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic diseases. The review also addresses the ethical and societal implications of genetic research, emphasizing the importance of responsible scientific practices and equitable access to genetic advancements.]]>
<![CDATA[Production, Characterization and Testing of Teak Leaf (Tectona grandis) Dye Extract on Cotton Fabric ]]>
<![CDATA[Y Joshua]]>;
<![CDATA[A. M Magomya]]>;
<![CDATA[J Gani]]>;
<![CDATA[A. Asose]]>;
<![CDATA[M Emmanuel]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3483
<![CDATA[The natural dye was extracted from the leaves of Tectona grand is using a Soxhlet extractor, and a percentage yield of 16.84% was obtained. The color of the dye extract is maroon. The dye extract was characterized using FTIR, GC-MS, AFM, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results of AFM showed that the dye extract from teak leaf has a root mean square roughness of 2568.2 nm in the 50μm×50μm scan area, and FTIR characterization suggested the presence of N-H (amine), O-H (alcohol), C-H (alkane), C-H (alkane), C≡C (alkyne), C = C (alkene), C = O (carbonyl groups), alkyl ketone, alkyl amine, and alkyl halide functional groups in the dye extract. The GC-MS separated and identified 36 compounds. Among the compounds identified in the dye extract, cis-vaccenic acid has the highest percentage area (18.68%), and azobenzene has the lowest percentage area (0.37%). The chromophores in the dye extract are C≡N and N=N. The natural dye extract was applied to the cotton fabrics without mordant. The color fastness to washing shows 3-4 and 3 for color change and staining, respectively, while the color fastness to rubbing shows 3 and 2 for dry and wet rubbing respectively. The outcome of color fastness shows that the dye has poor affinity to remain on the fabric. Therefore, the use of different kinds of mordant is recommended.]]>
<![CDATA[Preliminary Studies, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf, Stem Bark and Root Extracts of Calotropis Procera Plant ]]>
<![CDATA[Mathias Njidari]]>;
<![CDATA[Joseph F. Kpesibe]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed H. Shagal]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3484
<![CDATA[The phyto-components of leaf, root and Stembark of Calotropis procera L. Asclepiadaceae family species were screened by gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Ethanol extract was prepared by soxhlet apparatus from all the parts of C. procera. The present study aimed to determine the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and anti-oxidant properties of the leaves, root and stem bark of the ethanol extracts of the C. procera plant. Phytochemical screening was carried out for all the three extracts obtained from the leaves, root and stem bark which revealed the presence of most secondary metabolites such as flavanol, phenol, alkaloids, saponins except glycosides in leaf, while alkaloids and saponins were absent in the root and glycosides absent in the stembark. From antibacterial result, the highest zone of inhibition of leave extract for E. coli was (14mm) and the lowest zone of inhibition was (2mm), the highest and lowest zone of inhibition for the leaf of Staph. A was (14mm and 4mm) respectively, Similarly, the highest zone of inhibition and the lowest zone of inhibition of leaves for Bacillus Cereus was (14mm) and (4mm). The highest zone of inhibition of Aspergillus favus was 12mm in the leaves extract and it was 14mm for Candida albicans in the leaves extract. The FTIR of F3 fraction of the leaf confirmed the presence of alkane, alkene, hydroxyl, amines and amides which showed characteristics peaks at 3326cm-1, 2945.07cm-1, 2833.56 cm-1, 1649.24 cm-1, 1449.04 cm-1, 1111.76 cm-1 and 1021cm-1..The chemical component of the ethanolic extracts of the leaves of C.procera as revealed by GC-MS consist of mainly twenty one (21) compounds ranging from phenol, Terpenes and fatty acids The ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) was determined and the leaves and the root was observed to have higher antioxidant potential as the observance was 1.690 and 2.453nm for leaf and 2.44 concentration of 30 and 40 respectively. This study show that the leaves extract of C.procera inhibits bacterial and fungal growth and anti-oxidant properties which is very important for medicinal uses. The present investigation deals with the process of determining the phytocomponents, antioxidant and antibacterial active.]]>
