African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research aims to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed research that advances biochemical and molecular understanding of living systems while supporting interdisciplinary developments across the life sciences. • Biochemical Advancement: disseminate rigorous studies in fundamental and applied biochemistry, including molecular mechanisms, metabolism, enzymes, membranes, and biomolecular interactions. • Molecular and Cellular Inquiry: encourage research in molecular biology, genetic and cellular regulation, pathogen biology, and biologically relevant analytical methods. • Life-Science Integration: promote interdisciplinary work linking biochemistry and molecular biology with biotechnology, physiology, microbiology, pharmacology, pathology, and health science. • Scientific Relevance and Application: support research that contributes to biomedical, environmental, agricultural, nutritional, and translational scientific problems. AJBMBR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in biochemistry, molecular biology, and associated life-science fields, especially studies with strong methodological grounding and clear scientific relevance. • Core Biochemistry: macromolecular biochemistry, enzymology, membrane biochemistry, nutritional biochemistry, reproductive and developmental biochemistry, and biochemical regulation of cellular processes. • Molecular and Biomedical Sciences: molecular biology, medical and clinical biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, microbiology, parasitology, malariology, and related disease-oriented biosciences. • Biotechnology and Bioinformatics: biotechnology, computational biology, bioinformatics, molecular data analysis, and applied laboratory innovation. • Health and Natural Product Sciences: phytomedicine, food science, health science, toxicology, and biophysics relevant to biomolecular or physiological understanding. • Environmental and Applied Biosciences: environmental biochemistry and other biochemical applications connected to biological systems, sustainability, and applied life-science research.
Articles
94 Documents
<![CDATA[Zinc Oxide Based Nanomaterials and Their Application in the Removal of Toxic Contaminants for Waste Water ]]>
<![CDATA[Manasseh Ilumunter Matilda]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5893
<![CDATA[The increasing global demand for clean water underscores the urgency of addressing environmental pollution, particularly through effective wastewater treatment. Rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrial expansion have significantly contributed to the degradation of water quality, making contamination a persistent and complex challenge. Despite numerous scientific efforts to develop remediation strategies, many existing techniques remain difficult to replicate or scale down effectively for widespread application. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field, offering innovative solutions for environmental remediation. Among various nanomaterials, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles stand out due to their unique physicochemical and optical properties, which are substantially enhanced at the nanoscale. ZnO nanoparticles have gained considerable attention in material science, especially for their applications in photocatalysis, antimicrobial treatments, and environmental detoxification. However, their synthesis and functional performance are highly sensitive to several factors, including the pH of the reaction medium, calcination temperature, reaction time, stirring speed, the nature of capping agents, and the concentration of metal precursors. These variables critically influence the size, morphology, and surface activity of ZnO nanoparticles, thereby determining their effectiveness in water treatment applications. Understanding and optimizing these synthesis parameters are crucial for enhancing the reproducibility, efficiency, and scalability of ZnO-based nanotechnologies in real-world environmental contexts.]]>
<![CDATA[Cloning in Plants and Animals: Divergent Pathways and Ethical Boundaries in Biotechnology ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Nosheen Aslam]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Khudhair Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hind A. Abdulghafoor]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir]]>;
<![CDATA[Gaweł Sołowski]]>;
<![CDATA[Jaouher Ben Ali]]>;
<![CDATA[Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi]]>;
<![CDATA[Abid Mahmood]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6140
<![CDATA[The creation of genetically identical creatures by cloning is essential to contemporary biotechnology, agriculture, and medical research. Although the basic idea of cloning is the same in all kingdoms, there are substantial differences between plants and animals in terms of its use, effectiveness, and moral consequences. Cloning is a common, natural occurrence in plants and is frequently accomplished using asexual reproduction procedures such as tissue culture, grafting, and vegetative propagation. Because plant cells are highly totipotent, practically any somatic cell may grow again into a whole organism given the right circumstances. The production of genetically engineered plants with enhanced features, the preservation of uncommon species, and the large-scale multiplication of genetically uniform crops have all been made easier by this regenerative potential. Animal cloning, on the other hand, poses far more biological and technological difficulties. Due to developmental errors, aberrant gene expression, and insufficient reprogramming of the donor nucleus, this procedure usually has poor success rates and necessitates intricate management. It brings up important issues about biodiversity, animal care, and the ethical ramifications of cloning sentient creatures. Furthermore, animal cloning is more closely regulated and scrutinized by the public than plant cloning, which is generally recognized in agricultural operations and conservation initiatives. This is particularly true when it comes to food production and possible human cloning. The difference in the effectiveness and uses of cloning is mostly explained by the difference in totipotency between plant and animal cells. The accuracy of modification is becoming closer thanks to recent technological advancements like CRISPR-Cas9, yet the ethical and practical possibilities of cloning in these two domains are still not comparable. The intricate relationship between biological viability, technical development, and societal acceptability of interspecies cloning is shown by this comparative study. Guidance on the proper application and control of cloning technologies in biomedicine and agriculture depends on an understanding of these distinctions.]]>
<![CDATA[Mechanisms of Cadmium Toxicity: Metabolomics and Medical Approach ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen]]>;
<![CDATA[Yemisi Ajoke Olawore]]>;
<![CDATA[Hajara Yakubu]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6142
<![CDATA[Heavy metals are harmful pollutants due to their toxicity at low concentrations, persistent nature and non-biodegradability that have attracted widespread attention. Heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and mercury are known to be toxic to plants and animals. Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal that adversely affects most organ systems. It is commonly found in humans, with primary sources of exposure being cigarette smoke, welding, and contaminated food and beverages. There is compelling evidence from recent studies linking exposure to cadmium to the development of cancer, liver damage, renal failure, skin and hair abnormalities and cardiovascular problems. Cadmium have been shown in epidemiological, basic, and clinical studies to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. This, in turn, can aggravate the generation of reactive oxygen species and cause inflammation, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, disruption of ion homeostasis and epigenetic modifications. According to recent research, metabolomics can be used to uncover possible biomarkers and biological pathways, as well as to get molecular snapshots of organisms following environmental exposure to stressors like cadmium. Thus, the purpose of this review is to give readers a thorough understanding of the biochemistry and mechanisms that give rise to cadmium toxicity. We also address antioxidants and other substances that have protective properties against cadmium toxicity, as well as the molecular underpinnings of cadmium-induced cellular damage.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparative Study of the Effect of Locally Made Beer (Burukutu and Pito) and Star Lager Beer on Liver Function Parameters ]]>
<![CDATA[Maryam Usman Ahmed]]>;
<![CDATA[Lumayu Alexander Wahedi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayinla Abayomi Abdulfatai]]>;
<![CDATA[Diowato Titus]]>;
<![CDATA[Kamaludden Aliyu]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6144
<![CDATA[Alcohol consumption has a long history in human existence and is implicated as one of the major risk factors in the development of liver diseases. The comparative impact of locally made (burukutu and pito) sorghum-based beer and Star Larger beer on the liver biomarkers of albino rats was investigated. 35 albino rats were grouped into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Group one served as the control group and received only distilled water. Group 2 and 3 received 10 and 20 mL/kg b.wt of pito, groups 4 and 5 received 10 and 200 mL/kg b,wt of burukutu, while group 6 and 7 received 10 and 20 mL/kg of Star Larger beers, respectively, for 21 days after which the liver function parameters were assessed. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in albumin level of the treatment groups when compared with the control group. Bilirubin and ALP showed no significant difference (p<0.05) from the control group. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in ALT levels of burukutu and Start Larger when compared with the control group, however, the groups treated with pito showed a significant increase (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in all the treatment groups when compared with the control group, where group 3, which was treated with the higher dose of pito (20 mL/kg b.wt.) had the highest significant increase(p<0.05). albumin levels of the treatment groups showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. The three beers compared are toxic to the liver, with pito having the greatest toxicity.]]>
<![CDATA[RETRACTED: Gastroprotective Studies of Raw and Processed African Pear (Dacryodes edulis var. edulis) on Experimentally Induced Gastric Mucosa Ulcer in Wistar Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Aniekeme Ndisa Inyang]]>;
<![CDATA[John Edward Mgbang]]>;
<![CDATA[Edet Effiong Asanga]]>;
<![CDATA[Burch Ndifon Takim]]>;
<![CDATA[Ubong Gabriel Etim]]>;
<![CDATA[Ediye Ottoho]]>;
<![CDATA[Margaret Akpana Agiang]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7222
<![CDATA[Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastroduodenal disorders worldwide, and this study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of raw and processed African pear (Dacryodes edulis var. edulis) in Wistar rats. A total of 84 rats were divided into two experimental phases of 42 animals each, with six rats randomly assigned to seven groups per phase. The groups included a control and diets supplemented with 15% raw, 30% raw, 15% roasted, 30% roasted, 15% boiled, and 30% boiled samples, administered alongside standard rat chow. Food and water were provided ad libitum for 28 days. At the end of the feeding period, gastric acid, pH, mucus, pepsin secretion, and ulcer indices were measured using standard procedures. Results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean mucus output and gastric pH in the group fed 30% raw samples compared with the control and other groups. Ulcer scores were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the 15% roasted group, while pepsin secretion was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the 30% boiled group relative to the control and other groups. Basal gastric acid secretion was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in groups fed processed samples compared with both raw-fed and control groups. The study concludes that processed African pear contains phytochemicals that stimulate gastric secretion, likely through H₂-histaminergic receptor pathways. Therefore, consumption of processed African pear pulp should be approached with caution, while intake of raw pulp is preferable for gastric health.]]>
<![CDATA[Functional Oxides Nanomaterials for the Removal of Dyes ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[James Eneji Agwu]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7224
<![CDATA[The elimination of dyes from wastewater represents a critical environmental challenge, as dye effluents from industries such as textiles, printing, and paper production pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Conventional treatment methods are often limited in efficiency and cost-effectiveness, necessitating the exploration of advanced alternatives. This review analyzes the application of functional oxide nanoparticles in dye removal, with particular focus on metal oxides such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide, as well as mixed metal oxides. These nanomaterials exhibit exceptional adsorption and photocatalytic properties due to their large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and distinctive surface characteristics, which enhance dye removal efficiency. The adsorption mechanisms involve electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking interactions, while photocatalytic degradation relies on the generation of reactive oxygen species under light irradiation, allowing complete dye mineralization and minimizing harmful intermediates. Despite these advantages, further research is needed to evaluate long-term stability, recyclability, and potential ecological impacts, alongside the development of cost-effective synthesis methods and innovative nanomaterials with improved performance.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Annona senegalensis on Lipid Profile and Kidney Function in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Usman Lukman Adamu]]>;
<![CDATA[Mosugu Ovayoza Omolara]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogar Fonne Okang]]>;
<![CDATA[Ingwu Joseph Akem]]>;
<![CDATA[Akafa Andes Tansaba]]>;
<![CDATA[Shadrach Philip]]>;
<![CDATA[Otashu Kenneth Frank]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7363
<![CDATA[Liver cancer remains a major global health burden, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common form and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Its progression is often accompanied by metabolic and renal dysfunction, complicating treatment outcomes. While conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted drug treatments offer benefits, they are frequently associated with high toxicity and adverse side effects. This discussion highlights the potential of Annona senegalensis as a safer alternative for managing HCC-related complications, particularly in the context of lipid metabolism and renal function. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that the ethanolic leaf extract of A. senegalensis significantly improves lipid profiles by reducing cholesterol levels from 368.57 ± 1.72 in the negative control group to 266.40 ± 0.88, 217.46 ± 0.82, and 182.24 ± 1.20 at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg doses, respectively, while maintaining favorable HDL levels at higher doses. These findings indicate the extract’s potential to enhance lipid metabolism, lower cardiovascular risk, and provide renal protection during liver cancer progression. Beyond its biochemical effects, the study reinforces the growing relevance of integrating traditional medicinal plants into modern healthcare frameworks as complementary therapeutic options. Overall, A. senegalensis demonstrates promising hepatoprotective, metabolic, and nephroprotective effects, warranting further investigation into its bioactive compounds and clinical applicability.]]>
<![CDATA[Serum IgM Levels and Hepatitis D Virus Co-Infection in HBsAg-Positive Patients in Abakaliki, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Okosigha Saviour Azibanyam]]>;
<![CDATA[Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth]]>;
<![CDATA[Anyiam Vivian Ifeoma]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7486
<![CDATA[Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that relies on co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication. This study aimed to identify HBsAg-positive patients co-infected with HDV and quantify serum IgM levels in a hospital-based population in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 1,000 patients attending the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) and Mile 4 Hospital Ishieke. HBsAg-positive individuals were identified using a rapid diagnostic kit, while HDV-IgM was detected using ELISA. Among the 1,000 participants, 89 (8.9%) tested positive for HBsAg, and of these, 5 (5.6%) were also positive for HDV-IgM, indicating active co-infection. HDV co-infection prevalence was higher among females (7.7%) compared to males (2.7%), and significantly higher among married individuals (6.9%) than singles (3.2%) (p < 0.05). Age-specific analysis revealed the highest co-infection rate (10%) among individuals aged 29–33 years, while no cases were recorded in the 34–45 years age group. Geographically, patients from Mile 4 Hospital had a higher co-infection rate (7.5%) than those from FETHA (2.8%). Educational status and occupation also influenced prevalence; tertiary-educated individuals had the highest rate (13.6%), while no cases were reported among those with only primary education. Students recorded a prevalence of 8.9%, with no co-infections detected among traders or housewives. Among clinical subgroups, pregnant women had a higher co-infection rate (9.5%) compared to blood donors (2.1%). These findings underscore the importance of routine HDV screening among HBsAg-positive patients, especially in high-risk groups, and the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to reduce the burden and severity of HBV/HDV co-infection in Nigeria. Further research is warranted to better understand the epidemiological dynamics and clinical implications of co-infection.]]>
<![CDATA[Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) to Assess Suitability of Water from Different Sources for Human Consumption in Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Geoffrey Jefferson]]>;
<![CDATA[Elisha Daniel Shingu]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7700
<![CDATA[This study evaluates the quality of water from various sources—stream, borehole, and well—in the Hong metropolitan area of Hong Local Government, Adamawa State, using the Water Quality Index (WQI) technique. The objective is to determine the suitability of these water sources for human consumption and domestic use by computing WQI values based on key physico-chemical parameters. Water samples were collected from multiple locations and analyzed for pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids. The WQI values varied across sampling sites, reflecting spatial differences in water quality. Findings indicate that borehole water samples consistently fall within acceptable WQI ranges, confirming their suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. In contrast, stream water samples exhibited poor WQI ratings, rendering them unsafe for human consumption. The study concludes that while borehole water presents a reliable source of potable water in the region, stream water requires treatment before use. These results underscore the importance of regular water quality monitoring to inform safe water resource management in rural and peri-urban areas.]]>
<![CDATA[Purification and Characterization of Lactoferrin from Camel Urine ]]>
<![CDATA[K. A. Ahmad]]>;
<![CDATA[M. S. Jada]]>;
<![CDATA[A. U. Wurochekke]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7705
<![CDATA[This study reports the isolation, purification, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin derived from camel urine. The lactoferrin was purified through a sequential process involving acetone precipitation, dialysis, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The partially purified protein was then characterized with respect to its molecular weight, pH and temperature optima, metal ion interaction, and thermal stability. The purification process achieved a 3.23-fold increase in purity with a specific activity of 6.33 U/mg protein and an overall yield of 9.74%. The purified lactoferrin exhibited a molecular weight of 75 kDa and demonstrated optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 40 °C in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer. Among the metal ions tested, Zn²⁺ enhanced lactoferrin activity, while Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ acted as strong inhibitors. These findings confirm the potential of camel urine as a novel and viable source of bioactive lactoferrin and lay the groundwork for further biotechnological exploration of its therapeutic applications.]]>
