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African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : -     EISSN : 15957942     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/AJSTM
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed research that advances scientific knowledge in natural and life sciences while promoting analytically grounded and evidence-informed scholarship in traditional medicine and related biological fields. • Scientific Advancement: disseminate high-quality studies that deepen understanding in biological, biochemical, environmental, and health-related sciences. • Traditional Medicine Research: encourage scientifically grounded research on plant medicine, phytomedicine, bioactive compounds, and traditional therapeutic knowledge. • Life-Science Integration: promote interdisciplinary links among biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, toxicology, biotechnology, parasitology, and health sciences. • Application and Relevance: support studies with meaningful implications for public health, medicinal resource development, environmental health, and agricultural or biomedical applications.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 67 Documents
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Effect of Two Different Drying Techniques on the Chemical Composition of Amaranthus Mary Athanasius Udoh; Musbau Adekunle Yahaya; Abimbola Gbenga Olayemi; Augustina Elochukwu Ijezie; Zainab Bello Dambazau; Faith Amarachi Ngwu
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i3.7785

Abstract

Amaranth (Amaranthus), a widely consumed green leafy vegetable in Nigeria, is valued for its rich content of micronutrients, macronutrients, phytonutrients, and potential food-toxicants. This study evaluates the impact of two common drying methods—sun-drying and oven-drying—on the chemical composition of Amaranthus leaves. A total of 2.5 kg of fresh Amaranthus leaves was procured from Watt Market in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. After stalk removal, the leaves were divided into three equal portions: one left untreated as control, while the others were subjected to sun-drying and oven-drying for one month. The dried samples were pulverized, packaged in airtight containers, and stored under cool, dry conditions prior to analysis. Proximate composition, mineral content, and phytochemical screening were conducted using standard analytical techniques. Results indicated a significant reduction in moisture content from 84.30 ± 0.1% in the fresh sample to 23.70 ± 0.1% (sun-dried) and 11.30 ± 0.1% (oven-dried), thereby increasing dry matter availability. Concentrations of ash, fibre, crude fat, crude protein, and carbohydrates were elevated in the dried samples due to moisture loss. However, notable reductions in mineral content were observed—Calcium (Ca) declined from 2.78 mg/100g in the control to 2.10 mg/100g (sun-dried) and 1.07 mg/100g (oven-dried). Heat treatment also led to a significant decrease in anti-nutrients and food-toxicants, with oven-drying showing greater efficacy. The study concludes that both sun-drying and oven-drying effectively preserve Amaranthus leaves, though with some loss of micronutrients. Consuming larger quantities of the dried vegetable may help offset these losses, providing essential nutrients for populations at risk of malnutrition.
Evaluating Microbial Quality of Drinking Water from Wells and Boreholes in Michika LGA and Its Impact on Community Health Isaac John Umaru; Solomon Ossom Asare; Abimbola Gbenga Olayeni; Joanna Afariba Johnson; Gift Amofa
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i3.8029

Abstract

Access to safe drinking water remains a critical public health challenge in rural Nigeria, particularly in Michika Local Government Area (LGA) of Adamawa State, where communities depend on wells and boreholes for their daily water needs. This study evaluates the microbial quality of these groundwater sources and examines their impact on community health. Microbiological analyses revealed widespread contamination, with elevated levels of Escherichia coli, total and fecal coliforms, and high turbidity, especially in wells located in districts such as Zah, Moda, and Minkisi. Physicochemical parameters, including acidic pH and elevated temperatures, further exacerbated microbial proliferation. Environmental assessments identified key contamination sources—proximity to latrines and refuse dumps, open well structures, poor drainage, and unrestricted animal activity—which correlated strongly with high incidences of waterborne diseases, notably diarrhea, typhoid, and cholera, predominantly affecting children under five, pregnant women, and the elderly. In contrast, boreholes in Diaka and Michika Town demonstrated safer profiles due to better infrastructure and maintenance. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, routine water quality monitoring, and community education to mitigate health risks and promote sustainable access to potable water in Michika LGA.
Health Impacts of Indiscriminate Dumping of Solid Waste Disposal in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria Peter Ujulu; Ugwu Immaculata Chidebere
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v3i1.8288

Abstract

This study examines the health impacts of indiscriminate dumping of solid waste disposal in Wukari Local Government area Taraba State, Nigeria. It aimed at identifying composition of waste material, assessed waste management practice among the residents, assessed health implications of indiscriminate dumping of solid waste disposal in the study area. Primary data was obtained through a set of questionnaire to the waste generators. A structured questionnaire was distributed randomly in residential areas, market/public places, schools, workshops and business centres within the study area. The sample size of this study consisted of 400 respondents household head in Wukari was sampled for the study. The data collection was sequentially using field observation and questionnaires. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 25.0 to determine frequency distribution, percentage ratio and mean. The result was presented in tables for better understanding. The finding showed different types of waste generated in the study area as polythene waste constituted 33.4%. Clothe/carton/paper wastes constituted 27.3%. Crop residue/food remains 18.0%. Plastics waste, 15.9% while can/tins/battles waste constituted 5.4% of the total waste generated. Survey revealed that about 43.1% of the household heads which constituted a majority dumped their wastes in open space. Based on the result, it was observed that educational level had positive impacts on the waste management practices.
In Vitro Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Phytochemical Analysis of Fractions of Jatropha tanjorensis against Clinical Bacterial Pathogens Otu Joseph; Ekpiken Solomon; Omang Donald; Adie Francisca; Agbiji Nneka; Odey Benedict; Atuo Michael
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v3i1.8324

Abstract

The widespread use of antibiotics has driven the emergence of resistant bacteria, leading to longer treatments, higher costs, and increased mortality in humans. This study examined the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf fractions and identified the major bioactive compounds responsible for these effects. The leaves were extracted using solvents of different polarities—n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, and water—and each fraction was tested against selected clinical bacterial isolates. Phytochemical screening of fractions was conducted following standard procedures. GC–MS analysis was carried out to confirm and quantify phytoconstituents in the fractions. Antibacterial activity of the fractions was evaluated using agar well diffusion methods. The antibiofilm effect of the fractions was determined by a slightly modified crystal violet microtiter plate assay. Extraction yields varied, with the n-hexane fraction giving the highest recovery (70.51%) and the aqueous fraction the lowest (63.71%). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids, while GC–MS analysis confirmed compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, 9-octadecanamide, and benzenedicarboxylic acid in different concentrations across fractions. These compounds are known for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. All fractions showed varying degrees of antibacterial activity, but the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were the most effective. The ethyl acetate fraction recorded the lowest minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (12.5 and 25 mg/mL, respectively) against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Antibiofilm assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition, with the n-hexane fraction exhibiting the strongest activity (0.014 OD against E. coli). In essence, the results indicate that J. tanjorensis is rich in biologically active compounds capable of inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation. These findings provide scientific support for its traditional use in managing infections and highlight its potential as a natural source for developing new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.
Study of Microorganisms Associated with Spoilage of Onions Sold in Mbiama Market, Rivers State, South South Nigeria Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth; Opara Christiana Ngozi; Efere Yarwadum Samson
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v3i1.8802

Abstract

Onions are a staple vegetable in many Nigerian households, and their spoilage can contribute to significant economic losses and food insecurity. This study investigated the microorganisms associated with the spoilage of onions sold in Mbiama Tuesday Market, Rivers State, South-South Nigeria, and examined their potential implications for public health. A total of 100 onion samples were collected, and the associated microorganisms were isolated, identified, and characterized using standard bacteriological and mycological techniques, including biochemical testing and antibiotic sensitivity assays. The results showed that the onions were contaminated with a variety of bacteria—Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Escherichia coli—and fungi, including Mucor, Aspergillus niger, yeast, and Penicillium spp., all of which were capable of causing soft rot, discoloration, and decay. Among the bacterial isolates, E. coli was the most frequent (23.5%), whereas Pseudomonas spp. was the least frequent (9.8%); among the fungi, A. niger was the most frequent (13.7%) and Mucor the least frequent (5.9%). Bacterial colony counts ranged from 5.2 × 10⁵ CFU/g (E. coli) to 5.6 × 10⁵ CFU/g (Pseudomonas spp.), while fungal counts ranged from 1.4 × 10⁵ CFU/g (yeast) to 1.58 × 10⁵ CFU/g (A. niger). Biochemical tests revealed that Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were catalase and coagulase positive, whereas Pseudomonas spp. and E. coli were coagulase negative. Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that Staphylococcus spp. was resistant to the tested antibiotics, while Bacillus spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp. remained sensitive. The study concludes that onions sold in Mbiama Market are contaminated with diverse spoilage-causing bacteria and fungi, posing a potential risk to public health. These findings underscore the need for proper handling, storage, and preservation practices, such as maintaining cool, dry storage conditions and ensuring hand hygiene among vendors and consumers as well as further research to develop effective strategies for controlling microbial spoilage of onions in Nigeria.
In Vivo Determination of Effects of Fractions of Chrysophyllum albidum Leaf Extract on Liver Function of Bitis arietans Envenomated Wistar Rats Eneji Emmanuel A.; Yakubu O. E.; Imo Chinedu
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v3i1.8806

Abstract

This study investigated the anti-venom potential of solvent-fractionated ethanol leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum against Bitis arietans envenomation in Wistar rats, with a particular focus on antioxidant activity and liver function. Ethanol crude extract of C. albidum leaves was subjected to column chromatography using a gradient mobile phase of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water, yielding 24 fractions. All fractions were evaluated in vitro for antioxidant and phytochemical properties, and three fractions (F5B, F6A, and F10B), obtained from ethyl acetate/ethanol (100:0 and 50:50) and methanol/H₂O (50:50) solvent systems, were selected for in vivo studies based on their superior antioxidant activities. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 12 groups (n = 5), including normal and envenomated controls, a standard anti-venom serum group, and treatment groups receiving different doses and durations of F5B, F6A, and F10B following intraperitoneal administration of 1.25 mL/kg B. arietans venom. Animals in most groups were treated for three days, whereas selected high-dose groups were treated for 14 days to assess sustained pharmacological effects. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis of liver function markers (ALT, AST, ALP), and liver tissues were harvested for lipid peroxidation, endogenous antioxidant enzyme assays, and histopathological examination. Phytochemical and antioxidant profiling showed that F5B, F6A, and F10B consistently exhibited the highest DPPH and FRAP activities, β-carotene bleaching inhibition, hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity, and elevated levels of total flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins relative to other fractions. Envenomation with B. arietans venom significantly (p < 0.05) increased ALT, AST, and ALP levels in the negative control group compared with normal rats, whereas treatment with C. albidum fractions (F5B, F6A, and F10B) and the conventional anti-venom serum reduced these liver enzymes toward normal values. In the 14-day, higher-dose groups, meaningful pharmacological effects were observed, indicating sustained hepatoprotective and anti-venom potential. Overall, the findings suggest that bioactive antioxidant-rich fractions of C. albidum can mitigate venom-induced hepatic dysfunction and support the development of plant-based adjunct therapies for B. arietans envenomation.
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Species Associated with the Deterioration of Painted Wall Surfaces in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba, Nigeria, North East Ogodo Alloysius Chibuike; Danya Sunday; Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v3i1.9090

Abstract

Wall paintings are among the most expressive forms of human creativity, serving not only decorative purposes but also protecting wall surfaces; however, bacterial colonization of water-based paints can lead to biodeterioration that reduces both durability and aesthetic value. This study aimed to identify and characterize the bacterial species responsible for painted wall degradation using combined conventional microbiological and molecular approaches. Samples were collected by scraping portions of intact and deteriorated painted walls, serially diluted, and cultured on nutrient and MacConkey agars to estimate bacterial loads and isolate different species. Identification and characterization of isolates followed a four-step process comprising macroscopic and microscopic observations, biochemical tests, and sugar fermentation assays. Total bacterial counts ranged from 0.2 × 10⁶ to 2.7 × 10⁶ CFU/g, while coliform counts varied between 0.9 × 10⁶ and 3.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g. Both traditional and molecular analyses identified Bacillus foraminis (CV53), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01), and Staphylococcus aureus as key species associated with paint deterioration, with Bacillus foraminis (69%) being dominant, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (11%). Molecular data further revealed a broader bacterial diversity, including previously unreported taxa, with notable variation among sampling locations. Overall, this study advances the understanding of bacterial ecology on painted surfaces and provides a scientific basis for developing strategies to protect wall paintings and other painted substrates from microbial degradation.

Page 7 of 7 | Total Record : 67

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