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Jurnal Akademika Biologi
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26219824     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Jurnal Akademika Biologi diterbitkan oleh Departemen Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Jurnal ini sebagai media publikasi hasil karya ilmiah lulusan S1 Departemen Biologi. Jurnal Akademika Biologi menerima artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan bidang ilmu biologi.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016" : 10 Documents clear
SEBARAN DAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI Endiandra (LAURACEAE) DARI SUMATRA, KOLEKSI HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, PUSAT PENELITIAN BIOLOGI-LIPI Nalar Mutiara Esa; J Jumari; M Murningsih; Deby Arifiani
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Herbarium are authentic evidence in the form of plants that serve as a reference of identification to identify plant species. Endiandra is one of genus of family Lauraceae and widely used, however, the name Endiandra still not very well known. Knowledge of the distribution and morphological characters Endiandra in Sumatra necessary to complete the information Endiandra in Malesia region. Research using herbarium specimens Endiandra of Sumatra in the Herbarium Bogoriense with morphological approach and use the information on the specimen label to graph the distribution of heights and distribution maps using ArcGIS software. The characters are important in distinguishing the types Endiandra in Sumatra ie hair; presence or absence of, a lot or a little, the number of lateral veins of leaves and surface texture of the leaves and stems. Endiandra scattered in every province of Sumatra island in the lowlands to highlands 3-1100 meters above sea level from 1200 to 2000 meters above sea level.Keywords: Endiandra, morphology, distribution, Sumatra.
EKPLORASI BAKTERI SELULOLITIK DARI CAIRAN RUMEN SAPI PERANAKAN FRIES HOLLAND (PFH) DAN LIMOUSINE PERANAKAN ONGOLE (LIMPO) Sekar Ayu Yogyaswari; MG. Isworo Rukmi; Budi Raharjo
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Cellulose is the largest component of plant materials which is the most abundant organic compound in nature. The degradation of cellulose carried out by cellulase enzymes which is consisting of three components, i.e. , endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase with glucose as the end product. Cellulase is very useful in industry and agriculture, such as paper, beer and brewing industries, for improving the quality of forages, organic material decomposer, and play an important role in the bioconversion of cellulose into various chemical commodities. The aims of this study was to get cellulolytic bacteria from cow’s rumen fluid which has high cellulolytic activity. Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from cow’s rumen fluid were done by direct plating on CMC media. The cellulolytic activity values of the bacterial isolates were examined by determining cellulolytic index. The determination of cellulase activity were carried out by DNS method while the total protein contents by Lowry method. Identification of the bacteria isolates were done by observation of colony morphology, microscopic observation, and biochemical tests. Six potential cellulolytic bacterias were obtained in this study and all isolates identified as Bacillus. The highest cellulase specific activity shown by Fh-9 and Lo-8 isolates in 8 hours incubation.Keywords: cellulolytic bacteria, cellulose, cellulase.
ISOLASI, KARAKTERISASI Aeromonas hydrophila DAN DETEKSI GEN PENYEBAB PENYAKIT MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA (MAS) DENGAN 16S rRNA DAN AEROLYSIN PADA IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.) M Muslikha; Sri Pujiyanto; Siti Nur Jannah; Hessy Novita
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Aeromonas hydrophila merupakan bakteri Gram negatif yang banyak ditemukan di perairan dan dapat menyerang ikan. Selain itu, A. hydrophila menyebaban penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septiemia (MAS) yang menyerang beberapa organ dalam seperti hati, limpa dan ginjal. Isolat bakteri diisolasi dari ikan lele (Clarias sp.) yang berasal dari berbagai daerah seperti, Ciganjur, Sukamandi dan Citayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi, karakterisasi dan deteksi gen patogen bakteri A. hydrophila penyebab penyakit MAS pada ikan lele. Beberapa pengujian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu uji biokimia (pewarnaan Gram, uji oksidatif-fermentatif, uji katalase, uji oksidase, uji d-mannitol, uji TSA skim milk, uji Mac Conkey, dan uji novobiosin), uji deteksi gen patogen dilakukan secara molekuler dengan menggunakan primer 16S rRNA dan aerolysin. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian biokimia, A. hydrophila merupakan Gram negatif dengan sel berbentuk basil pendek, bersifat motil, positif menghasilkan enzim oksidase, enzim katalase dan positif oksidatif dan fermentatif, positif fermentasi laktosa. Hasil deteksi gen patogen menunjukkan isolat AH2 dan B9 memiliki gen faktor virulen yaitu, aerolysin. Isolat AH2 dan B9 menghasilkan gen aerolysin kembali pada deteksi gen hasil reisolasi dari postulat Koch. Kata kunci : Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.), Aeromonas hydrophila, Gen Faktor Virulen, Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS).
KOMUNITAS BAKTERI RHIZOSFER TEH MELALUI APLIKASI BIOIMUNIZER (Chryseobacterium sp. dan Alcaligenes sp.) DENGAN METODE TERMINAL RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (T-RFLP) Elin Savitri Aviani; Dwi Ningsih Susilowati; Siti Nur Jannah; Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Types of bacteria from the rhizosphere communities actually have been developed as bioimunizer but their consistency is still need further experiment about indigenous bacteria associated with rhizosphere of plants. This study aims to identification on the tea plant rhizosphere bacterial communities which in previous studies has been infected with E. vexans Massee and given bioimunizer as well as the checking existence Chryseobacterium sp. and Alcaligenes sp. The result research showed that communities of bacteria on control samples obtained through culturing Bacillus sp. (51.91%), Acidobacteria bacterium (39.42%) and Actinobacteria sp. (8.66%). Control sample through metagenom obtained Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (5.80%), Bacillus sp. (42.55%), Acidobacteria bacterium (23.45%) and Actinobacteria sp. (28.20%). Communities of bacteria in the samples treated by culturing obtained Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (3.58%), Bacillus sp. (30.76%), Pseudomonas sp. (5.55%) Acidobacteria bacterium (13.94%) and Actinobacteria sp. (46.16%). Communities of bacteria in the samples treated by metagenom found Bacillus sp. (10.66%), Acidobacteria bacterium (4.22%), Actinobacteria sp. (5.48%), Uncultured bacterium (1.49%), Alcaligenes sp. (36.95%) and Chryseobacterium sp. (46.82%). The existence of Alcaligenes sp. and Chryseobacterium sp. show consistency bioimunizer composition is applied. Communities of bacteria on metagenom have diversity and evenness level higher than the culturing approach. Keywords: bacterial communities, T-RFLP, Chryseobacterium sp., Alcaligenes sp.
PRODUKSI KITOSAN SECARA ENZIMATIK OLEH Bacillus firmus E65 UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA BUAH MANGGA (Mangifera Indica L.) Dwina Mulyaningtyas; Susiana Purwantisari; Endang Kusdiyantini; Yadi Suryadi
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Anthracnose is postharvest disease on mango caused by fungi Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Anthracnose can be inhibited development by chitosan as a preservative anti-fungal for fruit. Effectiveness of chitosan can be increased by enzymatic hydrolyze method to obtain a low molecular weight chitosan. Low molecular weight chitosan can be reducing the particle size into nano chitosan. This study aims to obtain the low molecular weight of chitosan by hydrolyzing the commercial chitosan enzymatically using B. firmus E65, the production of nano chitosan with ionic gelation method and to determine the volume ratio of low molecular weight of chitosan and natrium tripolifosfat (NaTPP) to conduct in vitro and in vivo inhibition on the growth of fungi C. gloeosporioides. The method consist of the production of chitinase from B. firmus E65, the production chitinase of low molecular weight chitosan, ionic gelation, in vitro and in vivo nanochitosan bioassay test on the growth of C. gloeosporioides. The research result showed that the activity of  the crude extract of chitinase is 0.05 U/mL and the purity is 0.07 U/mL. The spesific activity value of crude extract is 0.44 U/mg, and the purity is 0.82 U/mg. The purity level of crude extract is increased 0.83 times from 1 to 1.83 times after purification process. Molecular weight of enzimatically hydrolyzed chitosan is  511.850 Kda. In vitro and in vivo bioassay showed the best result on the growth of C. gloeosporioides are 90 and 91% is obtained in the combination 3:1 of the low molecular weight chitosan and NaTTP. This comparison showed that the size of nano chitosan is 228.74 and the polidispesity index is 0.884. Keywords : Chitinase, chitosan, B, firmus E65, antrachnose, C. gloesporioides.
KOMUNITAS RHIZOBAKTERIA TANAMAN TEH DENGAN APLIKASI FORMULA BIOIMUNIZER (Chryseobacterium Sp DAN Bacillus Sp) BERDASARKAN GEN 16S rRNA Agnistisya Widaranti; Siti Nur Jannah; Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum; Dwi Ningsih Susilowati
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Commodity of tea (Camellia sinensis) has an important role in the national economy, especially in the field of agro-industries. Based on data obtained from the Directorate General of Plantation, the tea plant productivity declined over the last few years. This is due to the pest attack which result in decreasing the productivity of the tea plant. Increased crop productivity of tea have been done, such as the use of herbicides and insecticides, but until now there is very little effort to increase the production of tea plants by the use of biological agents. Chryseobacterium sp and Bacillus sp are rhizobacteria in tea rhizosphere that could potentially be used as a biocontrol agent (bioimmunizer). The purpose of this study is to determine the community rhizobacteria in tea soil with the addition of bioimmunizer based on 16S rRNA gene using T-RFLP technique. The method used in this research is T-RFLP technique (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) using enzymes Msp I and Rsa I. The calculated value are relative abundance, Shannon diversity index (H '), evenness index (E), and dominance index. The results of this study indicate that soil samples with the addition of bioimunizer consisting of Arthrobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Actinobacteria, and Chryseobacterium sp.Keyword: T-RFLP, Chryseobacterium sp, Bacillus sp
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN PEMANFAATAN EUPHORBIACEAE DI CAGAR ALAM DUNGUS IWUL BOGOR JAWA BARAT Ersha Farah Dea; J Jumari; Erry Wiryani; Laode Alhamd
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Euphorbiaceae is a potential plant and has a wide distribution. Nature Reserve Dungus Iwul is one area that has many different types of Euphorbiaceae plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity, density and distribution as well as reviewing the use of Euphorbiaceae in Nature Reserve Dungus Iwul, Wirajaya Village, District Jasinga, Bogor, West Java. Fieldwork was conducted in May 2016. Observations were made on a sample plot with an area of 1 Ha include: the name of the species and number of individuals, DBA measurement and measurement of environmental parameters. Utilization survey conducted by interview and literature study. The results showed that the observation plots was found 17 species of Euphorbiaceae. Number of individuals based habitus were 8 individual trees, 31 individual poles, 131 saplings and 192 seedlings. Euphorbiaceae distributed by 70% in the observation plot. Euphorbiaceae used for producing animal and human feed, building materials, firewood, dyes, ornamental plants, traditional medicine and others.Keywords: Species diversity, species density, Euhphorbiaceae
PENAPISAN DAN PEMANFAATAN RHIZOBAKTERI TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) SEBAGAI INOKULAN PEMACU TUMBUH TANAMAN Annisaa Widyasari; W Wijanarka; Budi Raharjo; Mamik Setyowati
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Sorghum was a cereal crop that has many benefit such as food, feed, industrial, and bioenergy. Sorghum had a potency to be cultivated, but productivity of sorghum was still low both in quatity and quality. One way to increase production of sorghum  is using rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. The aim of this study is to get rhizobacteria that has the ability to produce IAA, solubility of phospat (P), Nitrogen (N) fixing, and analyze the effect of rhizobacteria inoculants for enhance sorgum plant growth. Isolation of rhizobacteria was done by diluting  rhizobacteria sorghum suspension from 10-1 to 10-5 and it were be platted on SEA medium. Isolates were screened by ability to produce IAA, solubility of P, and N fixing. Producing of IAA test was done by adding Salkowsky reagent on bacterial supernatant and measured absorbance at 530 nm wavelength. Solubility of P test was done by inoculating isolates in Pikovskaya media, while N fixing test was done on N fixing media (NFB). Isolates of rhizobacteria which had a potency to increase growth of plants were made inoculants to be applied in sorghum plants. The result of this study obtain 3 isolates i.e Sr 194.3; Sr 172.1; and Sr 209.1 which were considered effective for increase growth of sorghum. The conclusion  of this study isolates which showed the highest average plant height, root length, and dry weight Sr 194.3 isolate. The statistical analysis among the treatments showed that did not any significant differences on plant height, root length, and dry weight of sorghum age 28 days after farming. Keyword : Increase growth plants, Screening, Shorgum, Rhizophere.
KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN JENIS BURUNG PADA TAMAN KOTA SEMARANG, JAWA TENGAH Bimo Ghifari; Mochamad Hadi; Udi Tarwotjo
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

The City Park is conceived as a space that contains the elements of nature and landscape which is caused by vegetation diversity, activity and artificial elements that are provided as a social and recreational facilities, as well as a breathing space in the city. The Semarang State Park is one of the green open area that are also used by birds. On the other hand the city park has a problem that threatens the existence of birds especially the uncontrolled development. The diversity of the species of birds can be used as indicators of environmental quality, because their life is influenced by the physical, chemical, and biological cchanges in the environment. The research objective was to determine the diversity and abundance of the bird species, determine the composition of the guild of bird species, and to determine the status of the scarcity of birds in the city garden of Semarang. The research was conducted in July-August 2016, where observation was carried out in six state parks in Semarang using the point count method. The analysis of the index used are the abundance of species, species diversity index, evenness index, similarity index, chi square test and hucthinson method.Where795 individuals of birds were observed, covering 27 species and 17 families. The diversity of bird species index categorized moderately were 2.19 to 2.33, except on Park Madukoro which had the lowest category. The birds were categorized evenly with the index 0.74-0.83, except in the Madukoro Wildlife where the categories were fairly even. The composition of the most abundant guild is a group of insectivorous which is 41%. There are 27 species of birds in all six State Parks in Semarang which however have the status of Least Concern by the IUCN. Based on Government Regulation No. 7 of 1999, there are four species of birds included into the category which are protected.Keywords:  State Parks, bird, diversity, abundance, composition guild
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS FITOPLANKTON DI KAWASAN BUKIT CINTA DANAU RAWAPENING, KABUPATEN SEMARANG. Siti Mudhakiroh; Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati; Fuad Muhammad; Sri Utami
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Bukit Cinta is a sub-area in Rawapening Lake, is developed tourism destination. Bukit Cinta has problems such as degradation of water quality, the sediment of upstream, blooming of water plants, waters pollution due activity of tourism. The aim of this research is an overview of environmental conditions through phytoplankton community structure. Phytoplankton samples were taken in 4 points with depth in example: 1-2m, 1-4m, 1-8m, and 1-10m. The water sample was taken by using Van Dorn water sampler, then were filtered using plankton. SRCC was used through identification phytoplankton and later was continued by calculating of abundant, diversity, uniformity, domination, saprobic indices. The result of phytoplankton observation at Bukit Cinta is 53 genus of phytoplankton that devide to 5 division Bacillariophyta (24 genus), Chlorophyta (16 genus), Cyanophyta (6 genus), Euglenophyta (4 genus), Dinoflagellata (3 genus). Species that dominated is Synechococcus elongatus Nageli (division Cyanophyta), Aulacoseira granulata and Synedra ulna (division Bacillariophyta). Species that dominated is Synechococcus elongatus Nageli (divisi Cyanophyta), Aulacoseira granulata and Synedra ulna (division Bacillariophyta). Based on diversity, evenness, domination and saprobic indices, the area that is categorized as highly disturbed is St 4 (10m depth) and less disturbed is St 3 (8m depth). Meanwhile, based on Pollution Index, the area that is categorized as highly disturbed is St 2 (4m depth) and less disturbed is St 1 (2m depth).Keywords: Bukit Cinta, Structure Community, Phytoplankton, Saprobic

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