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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
PERAN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENANGANI KRISIS KELAPARAN DI SAHEL TAHUN 2013-2015 Afifah Rizqy Widianingrum; Reni Windiani; Fendy Eko Wahyudi
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37434

Abstract

This research aims to describe the role of FAO as an international organization in increasing food security as an effort to deal with the hunger crisis in the Sahel in 2013-2015. This research based on 2013-2015, the Sahel region was hit by a food insecurity crisis. Poor food conditions occur due to a variety of complex factors such as a prolonged drought which has an impact on drought, soil degradation and erosion, outbreaks, and internal conflicts. As a result, people have limited access to nutritious food and experience acute malnutrition. Thus, efforts to overcome the hunger crisis in the Sahel region really need to be done. This aims to reduce the increasing number of hunger and death. If there is no support, the community will have to live without adequate food and nutrition stocks. Therefore, international organizations exist to deal with the current hunger crisis, one of which is the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Using the theory of liberalism and the concept of international organizations which are derivatives of liberalism, this research analyses the Sahel region. The result shows that FAO has a role to play in increasing food security in the Sahel region in overcoming the food crisis that occurred in 2013-2015.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM PARIS AGREEMENT PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN JOE BIDEN Fuad Rizki Satriyo; Ika Riswanti Putranti; Muhammad Faizal Alfian
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37041

Abstract

The change in leadership from Donald Trump to Joe Biden brought a new policy direction for the United States. One of them is the Paris Agreement. Biden's concern for the issue of climate change led the United States to change its foreign policy in the Paris Agreement, namely ratification after it was previously issued during the Trump administration. This study presents the formulation of the problem "How can changes in US foreign policy in the Paris Agreement in the era of Joe Biden be seen through green theory?". Through the formulation of the problem, this study explains how green theory sees changes in US foreign policy in the Paris Agreement during the reign of Joe Biden. This research is a qualitative type with explanatory data analysis techniques. In conducting research, green theory and the Holsti foreign policy analysis model are used to explain how the role of the leader as the main actor influences the making of a country's foreign policy. This research found that the difference in policy focus between Trump and Biden was a factor in the change in US foreign policy in the Paris Agreement during the reign of Joe Biden.
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) sebagai Organisasi Antar-Pemerintah Regional di Kawasan Teluk Persia dalam Menangani Krisis Diplomasi Qatar-Arab Saudi Annisa Noor Azizah
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37228

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe diplomatic crisis between Qatar and Saudi Arabia in 2017 had a significant impact on relation and regional stability in the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain severed diplomatic relations with Qatar by withdrawing their ambassadors from Doha, imposing an embargo, and blockading Qatar's territory. This internal dispute was considered to be the worst dispute in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) defence and security history. In the midst of a crisis like this, the GCC, as a regional intergovernmental organization in Persian Gulf, should have a certain role and influence to improve relations and maintain regional stability. The purpose of this research is to analyse GCC’s role and influence in the Qatar-Saudi diplomatic crisis. The author will use Clive Archer's institutional liberalism which defines the roles of international organizations as arena, instrument, or actor. The qualitative data used in this research was obtained from journals, books, websites, and documentations or official statements from the GCC and the parties. The results of this research indicate that GCC’s role was a tool or instrument used by its member countries to carry out foreign policy and achieve their respective national interest. Key words: Diplomatic Crisis, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Institutional Liberalism
PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN RASIONAL OLEH PEMERINTAH TINGKOK TERHADAP ETNIS UIGHUR DI XINJIANG 2014 - 2019 Fatimah Zahrah
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37526

Abstract

In 2014 an act of terror shocked Chinese citizen. After investigation, it was found that this crime was committed by few Uighurs’ descendants. This situation had made China strengthened its national security by implementing Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies in Xinjiang which predominantly inhabited by Uighurs. At first both policies were directed to maintain Chinese national security, but the aim shifted when China launched One Belt One Road program and fortifying it control in Xinjiang in order to maximize economic beneficial. This research use literature review as data gathering technic complemented by Decision Making Theory and National Security Concept to explain the reason of Chinese Government policy toward the Uighurs. The act of terror in 2014 who committed by few Uighurs’ triggered President Xi Jinping to focusing in security sector in order to maintain national stability. Decision to enforce Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies at first intended to maintain security and educate the people shifted as One Belt Road commenced. Chinese government sacrifices Uighurs in order to maximize national economic benefits. 
Analisis Lambannya Adopsi Rencana Aksi Nasional Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1325 sebagai Implementasi Women, Peace and Security (WPS) Agenda di Myanmar Putri Rahma Asri
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37519

Abstract

Gender in conflict is obscured in the mainstream of conflict analysis to date. The complexity of conflict is simplified by focusing on men as the sole actor and leaves the experiences and perspectives of women behind. This dynamic has been happening in Myanmar during the civil war and under the military regime which causes insecurity among Myanmar women. Unfortunately, Myanmar has not successfully translated UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 into National Action Plan (NAP) as a policy that ensures the safety of women in conflict situations. Their adoption process has been only at the initial stage. Meanwhile, Myanmar still refers to National Strategic Plan for the Advancement of Women (NSPAW) which is irrelevant to the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda implementation. Therefore, this qualitative-explanatory research aims to understand the reasons for the slow adoption of NAP on UNSCR 1325 in Myanmar using the gender regime concept from Feminist Institutionalism and the positionality concept from Feminist Security Studies. Based on the analysis, there are two factors causing the slow adoption. First, Myanmar institution from 2011 to 2022 is not friendly to gender issues and there is a regression in Myanmar institution from feminist presence and masculinist backlash regime to masculine hegemony regime that produces gender-blind policies. Second, Myanmar government’s positionality on security is contrary to the norms contained in Resolution 1325. They reflect on NSPAW 2013-2022 implementation which encourages them to ensure their compliance with regard to women in conflict situations.
Implementasi Kebijakan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 31 Tahun 2016 Dalam Perspektif Keamanan Lingkungan Sarai Casandra Yustika Martha Marpaung
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37543

Abstract

The state's awareness of increased growth and economic opportunities in the industrial sector encourages the state to take on roles and responsibilities so that the state intervenes in the form of regulations on the imports of non-B3 waste as raw material for the recycling industry. However, as the waste import activities were carried out, many B3 wastes were found to be entering. Researchers see that the problem of importing B3 waste needs to be seen from the point of view of implementing policies that have been formed based on the interests of the state and then finding out to what extent the state plays a role and what the results of this policy is when implemented by the state. Researchers seek to see the implementation of this policy through the role of the state concept and the perspective of Edwards III. Based on the final results, several obstacles were found in the implementation of the non-B3 waste import regulatory policy, therefore  policy did not work as expected.Keywords: the role of the state, policy implementation, imported waste.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (Studi Kasus Pemberangkatan PMI di Masa Pandemi) Ajeng Tiara Bangga Rahmawati
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37669

Abstract

Reopening of migrant workers' departures during the covid pandemic presents a contrast to the various protection policies that have been made before. This research aims to answer the research question: "why is the Indonesian government issuing a PMI departure policy during the Covid-19 pandemic?". To answer the formulation of the problem, the theory used is to combine rational actors with policy formulations. This research is explanatory using the content analysis method. This study uses the framework of rational actor by Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow as well as Jonathan Bendor and Thomas H. Hammond was used to find out how much influence the rational thinking style of a policymaker has when a policy is formed. The formation of a new policy by the government regarding the redeployment of PMI during a pandemic is considered a rational policy.Keywords: Indonesian migrant workers', rational actor, policy formulation, foreign exchange, economy
PENYEBAB KURANG TERWUJUDNYA PENGARUH CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT BALI DEMOCRACY FORUM TERHADAP PROSES TRANSISI DEMOKRATIS MYANMAR Satrio Adjinegoro; Ika Riswanti Putranti; Marten Hanura
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37534

Abstract

Myanmar’s military regime, namely Tatmadaw, has taken over political influence for a lengthy amount of time, whether directly or indirectly. On the 1st February 2021, Tatmadaw launched a coup to once again take over leadership after denouncing the election results won by the National League for Democracy. With Tatmadaw back in leadership, democratization in Myanmar not only regressed, but also proved difficult to return to its original state. Additionally, Myanmar still has not been fully democratic even though it has participated in the Bali Democratic Forum because of Tatmadaw’s large dominance. After the coup was launched in 2021, Myanmar was not invited to BDF’s 14th meeting.This research will explain the effects of BDF’S Constructive Engagement on Myanmar’s democratic transition process. This research will use qualitative and explanative methods, which means that it will answer the research question using narrations and relevant data. This research will also use Darren Hawkins’ theory of democratization with the assistance of Huntington and McFaul. By using these theories, the answer found is that the effects of BDF on Myanmar’s democratic transition have not manifested because most of BDF’s recommendations are aimed towards the governments, but not towards the civil society.
CHINA-SOUTH AFRICA HIGH-LEVEL PEOPLE TO PEOPLE EXCHANGE MECHANISM SEBAGAI SOFT DIPLOMACY TIONGKOK DI REPUBLIK AFRIKA SELATAN Naufal Rizki Putra Yasa; Reni Windiani; Fendy Eko Wahyudi
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37725

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research aims to describe how China’s soft diplomacy policy forms in spreading culture in the Republic of South Africa through the China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism to increase the arrival of African tourists to China and to find out the dynamics of China’s tourism cooperation with the Republic of South Africa. This research based on the promotion of Chinese culture in the Republic of South Africa under cultural cooperation through the China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism policy and its relation with tourism cooperation between China and the Republic of South Africa. Using the Soft Diplomacy Concept, this research analyses the cultural promotion activities carried out by China in the Republic of South Africa under the China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism in 2017. The result shows that there was an increase in African tourist arrival to China in 2018, a year after the promotion of Chinese culture under the China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism, this increase also exceeded the average percentage of African tourist arrivals to China in a period of 10 years (2008-2018). In 2019, two years after the soft diplomacy measure was implemented, there was a very drastic increase in the arrival of African tourists in China. Based on that result, this research suggested for further research to continue to examine China’s use of soft diplomacy, because soft power itself has been refered to in the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Keywords: China, Republic of South Africa, China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism, Tourism, Soft diplomacy
PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN RASIONAL OLEH PEMERINTAH TINGKOK TERHADAP ETNIS UIGHUR DI XINJIANG 2014 - 2019 Fatimatuh Zahrah
Journal of International Relations Volume 9, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37540

Abstract

In 2014 an act of terror shocked Chinese citizen. After investigation, it was found that this crime was committed by few Uighurs’ descendants. This situation had made China strengthened its national security by implementing Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies in Xinjiang which predominantly inhabited by Uighurs. At first both policies were directed to maintain Chinese national security, but the aim shifted when China launched One Belt One Road program and fortifying it control in Xinjiang in order to maximize economic beneficial. This research use literature review as data gathering technic complemented by Decision Making Theory and National Security Concept to explain the reason of Chinese Government policy toward the Uighurs. The act of terror in 2014 who committed by few Uighurs’ triggered President Xi Jinping to focusing in security sector in order to maintain national stability. Decision to enforce Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies at first intended to maintain security and educate the people shifted as One Belt Road commenced. Chinese government sacrifices Uighurs in order to maximize national economic benefits.