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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013" : 24 Documents clear
PENGAMBILAN OLEORESIN DARI LIMBAH AMPAS JAHE INDUSTRI JAMU (PT. SIDO MUNCUL) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI Alyssa Nahla Amir; Puspita Firsty Lestari; Indro Sumantri
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Utilization of ginger pulp waste from herbal medicine industry in Indonesia currently used for making fertilizer and fuel, whereas the ginger pulp still contain high oleoresin. It is expected that the results of this study may utilize the ginger dregs of herbal medicine industry to be oleoresin products, suggest the appropriate extraction techniques, affecting operation variables and the optimum conditions for batch extraction of ginger oleoresins. This research used extraction method with various solvents in batch. Fixed variable used in this study is the weight of ginger 50 gr, volume of solvents 300 mL, extraction time 5.5 hour and stirring speed of 450 rpm. While the change variable is extraction temperature 30oC, 40oC, 50 oC and 60 oC and types of solvent (ethanol, n-Hexane and acetone). As the result from the research that the type of solvent and temperature variations affect oleoresin extracted. The optimum extraction conditions to produce a high yield of ginger oleoresin and good quality obtained in the combined treatment of ethanol solvent type, time of 5.5 hours and a temperature of 40oC with oleoresin concentration of 12.2%, 0.955 density (g/ ml) and a refractive index of 1.370.
STUDI AWAL PROSES PEMBUATAN GLYCEROL TRIBENZOAT DARI GLISEROL DAN ASAM BENZOAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM KLORIDA A Abdurrakhman; Yanuar Rifianto; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Glycerol esterification process is one method that is widely in the conversion of glycerol. The product of conversion glycerol is environmentally friendly and renewable because it is not derived from petroleum. The products of the conversion of glycerol is commonly used in the food industry, cosmetics industry, polymer industry and can also be used as an additive for biodiesel which is also the compound before the glycerol formed. This study aims to examine the reaction of glycerol and benzoic acid using hidrochloric acid as catalyst. Experiments carried out by reacting glycerol and benzoic acid in stirred batch reactor with controlvariables are 100 rpm of stirrer speed, 500 ml volume (include glycerol, benzoate acid, and catalyst), and 60 minutes of reaction time. There are three random variables i.e. temperature of reaction 600C, 650C, 700C, mole ratio of acid to glycerol benzoate 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, and catalyst concentration (wt% glycerol) which is 5,32%, 7%, 8,68%. FTIR analysis results showed that the samples contained the results of IR spectra wavelength 1761 cm-1 in the fingerprint region and 3165 cm-1 frequency region group. The existence of these two adjustments that fixed in the area is strong evidence that the compound is Glycerol Tribenzoat.
OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK DARI BLENDING MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) DAN MINYAK JARAK (JATROPHA CURCAS OIL) Aji Baharsyah; S Supriyandi; Hantoro Satriadi; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Limitations of diesel which is a non-renewable energy sources, requires alternative fuels to renewable and environmentally friendly, for example is biodiesel. The main reaction is the production of biodiesel esterification and transesterification, but these conventional reactions are slow, requires a lot of alcohol and a catalyst, the reaction has not been perfect, and the products do not meet SNI and ASTM standards. In this research, mixing castor oil and palm oil as biodiesel feedstock, but it aims to obtain the optimum conditions for the blending ratio variable mass castor and palm oil, the amount of catalyst to oil, and the mole ratio of methanol-oil with helped by ultrasonic waves. The resulting biodiesel product is expected to meet SNI and ASTM standards. The main tool used is the ultrasonic cleaner. Variable that is the ratio of the mass of castor oil and palm 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, the amount of catalyst KOH 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by mass of oil, and methanol-oil mole ratio 3:1, 6 : 1, and 9:1. The results obtained highest conversion achieved in the mass ratio 2:1 castor oil and palm oil, catalyst 1.5% by mass of oil, and the mole ratio of 6:1 with a mixture of methanol-conversion 95.341% where diesel fuel product meets SNI and ASTM standards.
HIDROLISIS SELULOSA ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipe) MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN KATALIS ARANG AKTIF TERSULFONASI Putri Anggraeni; Zaqiyah Addarojah; Didi Dwi Anggoro
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

This research engage water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as source of cellulose for hydrolysis into glucose using sulfonated activated carbon as catalyst. The aimsof this research are to know optimum conditions for hydrolysis water hyacinth into glucose which includes hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis times, and the weight of catalyst. This research design uses three steps, first is making catalyst,then hydrolysis of cellulose and the last is testing content glucose of filtrate. The data results was plotted on a mathematical model and then optimized using the software Statistica 6.0 by Response Surface Methodology method (RSM). The result obtained by use of a mathematical model for relationship activator combination temperature, time and weight of catalyst for content glucose : Y = 11,601+2,353 x1 – 1,041x1² + 2,463 x2 – 1,554 x2² -2,847x3 – 1,316 x3² + 0,025 x1x2 - 0,885 x1x3 + 0,228 x2x3. The optimum conditions of hydrolysis variable for content glucose obtained from the graph fitted response surface and contour plot that indicates optimum hydrolysis temperature in the range 130°C to 170°C, the optimum hydrolysis time in the range 130 minutes to 210 minutes, and weight of catalyst in the range 3 gr to 20 gr. From this study are expected any further research on application glucose from hydrolysis of water hyacinth as raw material for bioethanol production.
PENGARUH pH DAN RASIO COD:N TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS DENGAN BAHAN BAKU LIMBAH INDUSTRI ALKOHOL (VINASSE) Gita Khaerunnisa; Ika Rahmawati; B Budiyono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Industrial waste ethanol, which vinasse is one potential source to be processed into biogas. This study was conducted to assess the potential of vinasse waste and comparison nutrients needed to obtain biogas with optimum results. Experiments conducted in the digester volume 5L, operated at room temperature and neutral pH by varying the ratio of COD: N: P 800:7, 900:7, 1000:7 on vinasse mixture, rumen, urea and vinasse mixture , rumen, and NH4HCO3 within 30 days. Respons which taken from this research are influence of pH, ratio of COD:N and nutrition to biogas production. The optimum condition of pH in producing biogas is at 7. Production of biogas produced at the optimum ratio of COD: N: P 800:7 is equal to 280 ml (0,96 ml biogas/mg TS COD) in a mixture of vinasse, rumen, urea and 3839 ml (13,73 ml biogas/mg TS COD)  in a mixture of vinasse, rumen, NH4HCO3 due to the comparison easier bacteria decompose organic compounds. While vinasse mixture, rumen, and NH4HCO3 produces more biogas than vinasse mixture, rumen, urea may be due NH4HCO3 to maintain the pH range so that the bacteria can survive.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL GRADE BAHAN BAKAR DARI BAHAN BAKU UMBI GADUNG MELALUI PROSES FERMENTASI DAN DISTILASI-DEHIDRASI Agnes Kinanthi Nugraheni; Lazuardy R. Zakaria; H Hargono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Cadangan energi fosil semakin hari semakin berkurang, sedangkan kebutuhan BBM terus meningkat. Untuk mencukupi kebutuhan bahan bakar yang terbarukan nantinya, dapat dikembangkan bahan bakar alternatif, dalam hal ini berupa gasohol. Oleh karena itu, pengkajian dan pengembangan akan bahan baku bioetanol yang merupakan bahan campuran gasohol sangat diperlukan. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan produksi bioetanol dari umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida). Bioetanol dibuat dengan bahan dasar umbi gadung yang dihidrolisa menggunakan variasi volume enzim α-amilase dan gluko-amilase (2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml). Glukosa dengan hasil terbaik yang dihasilkan dari proses hidrolisa tersebut, difermentasi dengan metode Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) menggunakan variasi massa yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (12 gr, 36 gr, 60 gr). Hasil fermentasi glukosa dimurnikan dengan distilasi. Hasil distilasi dengan kadar etanol tertinggi didehidrasi dengan variasi massa adsorben silika gel (62,5gr, 83,3gr, 125 gr) untuk menghasilkan produk akhir bioetanol. Dalam penelitian ini, kadar glukosa tertinggi dihasilkan oleh penambahan volume enzim alfa-amilase dan gluko-amilase sebanyak 4 ml, sedangkan kadar etanol hasil distilasi tertinggi dihasilkan oleh penambahan massa ragi sebanyak 36 gr. Pada proses dehidrasi, kadar etanol hasil dehidrasi tertinggi dihasilkan oleh penambahan massa adsorben silika gel sebanyak 125gr.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA MEMBRAN SELULOSA ASETAT UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR PAYAU DENGAN MODIFIKASI PENAMBAHAN ADITIF DAN PEMANASAN Joko Supriyadi; Dhias Cahya Hakika; Tutuk D. Kusworo
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Membrane is an alternative technology to the water treatment filtration principle that is being widely developed. A common type of polymer used in the manufacture of membranes are cellulose acetate. Sometimes aditive addition used to improve the morphology structure of membrane. The purpose of this research is to make an asymmetric membrane using cellulose acetate polymer additives as well as assess the effect of heating on the structure and morphology and performance of cellulose acetate membranes in brackish water treatment. Research making of cellulose acetate membranes for brackish water treatment is done with the variation of PEG concentration of 1, 3, and 5% by weight and the temperature and time of annealing at 600C and 700C for 5, 10, and 15 seconds. Membrane characterization consists of calculation membrane flux and rejection with brackish water as a feed, SEM, and FTIR analysis. From the research it can concluded that asymmetric cellulose acetate membrane can made by dry/wet phase inversion method. The more added concentration of PEG, the larger pore of membrane. Meanwhile the higher temperature and the longer time of annealing treatment, the skin layer of membrane become denser. Membrane with the composition of 18% cellulose acetate, 5% PEG, 1% distilled water, with heat treatment at temperature of 700C for 15 seconds is obtained optimal performance: flux  6.52 L.M-2.h-1.bar-1, 71% of TDS rejection, 63.75% of turbidity rejection, 52.9% rejection of Ca2+, and 41.9% rejection of Mg2+.
PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI PENGERING UNGGUN TERFLUIDISASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI PENGERINGAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA Rizky Adi N; Nafiah Amalia; S Suherman; R Ratnawati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Drying of cassava starch using conventional method has many disadvantages, such as longer drying time, totally dependent on good weather, and inconsistent product quality. It drives this research to develop fluidized bed drying technology which is more efficient and able to operate continuously. The advantages of fluid bed dryer include ease of control, good quality of product, and free of dirt. The objectives of this research are to determine the effects of temperature and velocity of drying air to the drying process and product. The drying products were compared to the products of conventional drying. The experiment was carried out at various temperature (30, 40, 50, and 60 oC) and air velocity (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 m/s). The results indicate that the optimum temperature for drying is 50 oC, while the air velocity is 2.5 m/s. Proximate analysis shows that the product of fluidized bed drying has better quality than that of conventional sun drying.
BIOFILM DARI PATI BIJI NANGKA DENGAN ADDITIF KARAGINAN Bunga Chrismaya; Fransisca Selvy; Diah S. Retnowati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) have cotyledons layer which is rich in starch and can be use as biofilm forming material. Biofilm is a film made from renewable material such as starch. Biofilm made from native starch have poor mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break. To overcome it, starch is blending with other material that can improve tensile strength and elongation at break. Imeson (2000) found kappa carageenan had firm gel structures and could be used to improve tensile strength and elongation at break of starch biofilm. Biofilm was made by casting polymer solution prepared by heating the mixture solution consisting of starch and carrageenan with a certain weight ratio dissolved in water-glycerol solution with a certain weight ratio with heating rate 2,2oC until the temperature reached 95oC. The biofilms that had been casted then dried in oven at 50oC for 20 hours and aged for 7 days at room temperature and relative humidity prior before tensile strength and elongation at break test. The results showed that kappa-carrageenan jackfruit seed starch biofilm has higher tensile strength and elongation at break than biofilm made from native starch. When  the weight ratio of glycerol rose, resulted in decreased tensile strength and increase in elongation at break biofilms. The best tensile strength was 0.407 MPa for 50%w/w kappa carrageenan and the weight 10%w/w glycerol. In addition, the best elongation at break was 18,488% at 50% w/w kappa carrageenan and 20% w/w glycerol.
PENURUNAN KADAR KAFEIN DAN ASAM TOTAL PADA BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI ANAEROB FAKULTATIF DENGAN MIKROBA NOPKOR MZ-15 Ana Farida; Evi Ristanti R; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Coffee is one of the most famous beverages in the world. Coffee favored because it has unique taste and flavor. However, coffee contains excess acid and caffeine which has negative impacts on health. Fermentation is one of the alternative methods to improve the quality of coffee beans. After fermentation process ,it is expected to produce coffee with low caffeine content and low organic acid, as well as great aroma and distinctive flavors. Raw material in this experiment is robusta coffee from Temanggung. The microbes is Nopkor MZ-15 and as a source of nutrients needed sprouts of green beans, tapioca starch and ZA fertilizer. Variables in this experiment are based on ZA fertilizer concentrations. These 1%,2% and 3% wZA/wcoffee (gr/gr). Fermentation processes will be held during 12-36 hours. Analysis of coffee beans as fermentation products which include caffeine, acid contents and water content are needed after fermentation process. These analyses can be done by quantitative and qualitative test. Quantitative tests include HPLC method for caffeine analysis, alkalimeter method and Qualitative test includes sensory method such as panel test is needed for flavor analysis. Based on research, resulted optimum time of fermentation is 18 hours and optimum ZA concentration is 2% w ZA/w coffee with caffeine ( 46,88 mg/100 ml) and pH (5,49).

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