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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 178 Documents
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PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEMBALI BIOETANOL HASIL FERMENTASI DENGAN METODE ADSORPSI HIDROPHOBIK Agung Nur Hananto Putro; Sherviena Amanda Ardhiany; S Sumarno
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Bioetanol merupakan salah satu energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Proses produksi bioetanol dengan fermentasi menghasilkan yield sebesar 9-11%, dan proses pemurniannya menggunakan metode destilasi yang hanya bisa digunakan jika yield minimal 9%. Penelitian ini untuk merecovery bioetanol pada hasil fermentasi dengan yield di bawah 9% menggunakan metode adsorpsi hidrophobik dengan variabel kendali adalah suhu kamar dan tekanan 1 atm, sedangkan variabel berubah adalah adsorbent, waktu adsorpsi dan ukuran partikel dari adsorbent. Digunakan adsorbent Mg(OH)2, Ca3(PO4)2, Mgsilikat dan Casilikat dengan ukuran partikel 106 dan 150 mm dan waktu adsorpsi 30 dan 60 menit. Adsorpsi yang terjadi adalah adsorpsi hidrophobik dimana bioetanol sebagai solute lebih diserap oleh adsorbent daripada solvent air. Bioetanol yang terlarut dalam adsorbent dipisahkan dari solvent dengan cara disaring kemudian diuapkan untuk mendapatkan bioetanol murni. Hasil dianalisa dengan metode cawan Conway. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa adsorbent yang paling baik menyerap etanol adalah Mgsilikat dengan ukuran partikel 106mm dan waktu 60 menit.
PEMANFAATAN MINYAK GORENG BEKAS DAN ABU KULIT BUAH KAPUK RANDU (SODA QIE) SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI ORGANIK BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI RAMAH LINGKUNGAN Naliawati Prastiya Ningrum; Muhamad Alfin Indra Kusuma; Nur Rokhati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Capok Randu (Ceiba petandra (L)) Gaerin van Indica (D.C) are most everseen in Indonesia mainly as horticulture in Central Java, with the total areas of95.107,17 ha. Manufacture of capok randu’s ash leather called Soda Qie and itcontains 78%W of potassium. In the other hand, consumption of frying oil inIndonesia is very high and it increases annually, up to 500.000 tons/year. Ex fryingoil produced still contains plenty of free fatty acid and it can be used as raw materialin preparation of soap with soda qie as a source of alkaly by saponification reaction.This experiment aimed to find the optimum operation condition in soap preparationand the its reaction kinetic. This experiment is designed using RSM method (ResponseSurface Methodology) and software Statistica 6. Parameters in this research are exfrying oil volume of 100 ml, soda qie solution concentration of 300 g / 1000 ml, andsaponification reaction time of 60 minutes. Independent variables are the reaction temperature of 30, 60, 90 oC, ratio of soda qie volume : ex frying oil volume 3:1 ; 4:1; 5:1 ml. Optimation is conducted at saponification reaction time variables of 30, 60,90, 120 minutes. Observed responses are amount of Free Fatty Acid (FFA), and freealkali of the product. The optimum operation condition are gained at temperatur of90oC, reactant ratio of 3:1. In the soap product, the number of FFA are 0,80%, andthe number of free alkali are 0,08%, this is fulfill the SII.0005-72. The rate constantgained were 0,068 menit-1.
MODIFIKASI TAPIOKA DENGAN KOMBINASI PROSES HIDROLISA ASAM LAKTAT DAN OKSIDASI HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA KEMBANG Desti Permata Sari; Devi Marietta Siregar; Siswo Sumardiono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest wheat importer. Wheat is consumed by most of Indonesian. Nowadays, the government is trying to find alternative material to substitute wheat with local material named cassava. Cassava is chosen because it has good potential to be developed in Indonesia. Native starch requires long time in reacting and cooking. Hence, the native starch with high purity can be readily modified by physical, chemical and enzyme process to many diversified products to improve the starch functionality and, consequently, encourage more industrial application. On this research, cassava starch modification is produced by combination lactic acid hydrolysis and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide. The results of this research are expected to be a food innovation in small and medium industries.The conclusion that we get is combination lactic acid hydrolysis and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide can increase the expansion of starch. The highest values for the sum of carbonyl dan carboxyl occured at pH 5, hydrogen peroxide concentration 2 %, temperature 40oC, and baking expansion 3,03 cm3/gr. The condition of oxidation that presented the carbonyl and carboxyl content of starch similar to the sun-dried cassava starch. The oxidation with H2O2 provides after hydrolisis cassava starch and produces more homogenous product.  Optimal composition of the use of tapioca starch modification bread is 25% of modified tapioca and 75% of wheat flour which has baking expansion 3,03 cm3/gr.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BIOGAS DENGAN PENGATURAN RASIO NUTRISI DAN pH Ervid Mifthah P.; Hastih Dwi S.; Agus Hadiyarto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Biogas is one of alternative fuel which is cheap and environment welfare. Component of biogas are CH4, CO2, N2, H2, O2, and H2S. Besides of methane the other content is much in biogas is carbondioxide as a pollutanttha is off 10%-55%. If the carbondioxide in biogas is too much, that can decrease of heat value or biogas quality. Improve of biogas quality can be conducted by way of regulating nutrient ratio and start up pH .The purpose of this reseaarch are to know the methane produced by differences nutrient and start up pH The result of the research are at start up pH 9 methane’s volume is 1823 ml, at start up pH 8 methane’s volume is 523 ml, and at start up pH 7 methane’s volume is 1202 ml.0,013 m3 of  methane is produced per gram ofCODMn removed.At nutrient ratio C/N:P is 43:1 methane’s volume is 523 ml, at nutrient ratio C/N:P is 42:1 methane’s volume is 773 ml, and at nutrient ratio C/N:P is 41:1 methane’s volume is 1823 ml. The best quality of biogas is obtained at the start up pH is 7 and the ratio of C/N:P is 41:1 with methane's composition is 96.64% and carbon dioxide's composition is 2,94%.
EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN MIKROALGA DALAM MEDIUM POME: VARIASI JENIS MIKROALGA, MEDIUM DAN WAKTU PENAMBAHAN NUTRIENT Muhammad Zaini Mahdi; Yasinta Nikita Titisari; H Hadiyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

POME is a liquid waste produced by crude palm oil industry. POME has not been processed optimally and therefore it is problem for environment due to high level of COD and BOD. Algae is known as bioabsorbent which can neutralize pollutants components in the liquid waste. For its growth, microalgae needs nutrients containing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphor. These nutrients are required for photosynthetic to convert carbon source into biomass. POME contains large amount of C, N, P and therefore this research is aimed to study the potential of POME as medium growth of algae Spirulina, Nannochloropsis, and Chlorella. The experiment was done by performing variation of nutrients, type of water, and time of nutrient feeding. The nutrients were urea and sodium bicarbonate. The steps of experiment were preparing the medium, cultivating the microalgae, observing biomass, counting the algae cells, and making calibration curve. The results showed that the best medium for microalgae is POME, Spirulina could grow better in the POME medium than Chlorella and Nannochloropsis, and nutrients added every 2 days was better than adding nutrients in the beginning and without addition of nutrients.
REKRISTALISASI GARAM RAKYAT DARI DAERAH DEMAK UNTUK MENCAPAI SNI GARAM INDUSTRI Agustina Leokristi Rositawati; Citra Metasari Taslim; Danny Soetrisnanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Salt as we known can be defined as chemicals compound which the main part is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with impurity substances consist of CaSO4, MgSO4, MgCl2, and others. But to get good quality salt from the raw salt can’t be obtained only by washing raw salt. This is caused by the fact that impurities not just only on the surface of crystals salt but also in the crystal lattice salt, so that needs to be purified by recrystallization. This research will use local raw salt 2nd quality from Demak. In this research will be limited in efforts to increase the quality of salt to fullest the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-0303-1989) by recrystallization method. Weight of raw salt used as fixed variable. Non-preparation and preparation (addition of Na2CO3, NaOH, and PAC) and crystallization time (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 hours) used as change variables. Impurity content and NaCl concentration was calculated before and after crystallization treatment. Concentration of Ca, Mg and Na ions was determined using AAS. Best recrystallization results of NaCl salt concentration is obtained at crystallization with preparation in 1.5 hours, concentration 393,044.234 ppm (99.969%), which complied to SNI 06-0303-1989 (98.5% db).
PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI KARET DENGAN PROSES REAKTIF DISTILASI Jonathan Ginting; Praditya Nugraha; Bakti Jos
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Harga minyak bumi yang terus melambung tinggi memaksa terus dilakukannya upaya pencarian dan penelitian sumber energi alternatif baru. Salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang paling menjanjikan adalah biodiesel dari minyak biji karet. Dikarenakan bahan baku yang dapat diperbaharui dan tersedia melimpah. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan proses reaktif distilasi dimana proses konversi dan pemisahan berlangsung secara serentak atau sinambung. Paremeter operasi yang akan dipelajari rasio katalis dan suhu serta pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik produk biodiesel yang dihasilkan .Hasil analisis karakteristik bahan diperoleh kadar minyak yang cukup tinggi yakni 50,5%. Konversi minyak menjadi metil ester yang diperoleh paling besar adalah sebesar 25,86% . Variabel perbandingan volume asam lemak bebas dengan methanol lebih berpengaruh dibandingkan dengan variabel temperatur.
STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI EPOKSIDASI MINYAK SAWIT Revina Allundaru; Tanty Wisley Sitio; Setia Budi Sasongko
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Epoxidized triglycerides as a product of epoxidation have found important applications as plasticizers and additives for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The raw material usually used is natural oil based. The usage of this raw material can give negative effects, one of them is the non-degradable characteristic. In addition, natural oil is non-renewable resources and the usage of raw material based from natural oil can increase the CO2 emission.According to the reasons above, renewable and bio-degradable alternative resources start to be found. One of this resources is plant oil and this research concern to epoxidation of plant oil. Plant oil which is used in this research is palm oil. In this research, we are going to study the influence of reaction time and temperature to the epoxide value, and reaction kinetics parameters.Palm oil was characterized with an iodine value of 58,37%w/w was in situ epoxidized by hydrogen peroxide and formic acid and the presence of benzene to reduce oxirane ring opening. Then the product was distillated to separate the epoxidized oil from the dissolved solvent. The epoxidized oil was neutralized by washing it twice in hot aquadest for 15 minute to remove the remaining acid compound.Palm oil epoxidation kinetic is known from the formation on epoxide compound during the reaction time. The rate constant of reaction at 30oC was 1,523864 x10-4 l/mole sec, at 40oC was 1,01755 x 10-5 l/mole sec, and at 50oC was 3,353358 x 10-4 l/mole sec. The activation energy of the palm oil epoxide formation was 29,391 kJ/mole. The conclusion of this research is that palm oil can be used as raw material to produce epoxide compound, this was identified by the epoxide value.

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