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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 178 Documents
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HIDROLISIS KITOSAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM KLORIDA (HCl) Irsan Adhiatama; Muhamad Zainudin; Nur Rokhati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The molecular weight is an important factor in the application of chitosan. High molecular weight will restrict the use of chitosan. This research uses a chemical process with acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is de-polymerization to lower molecular weight that occur because of the termination of glycoside bond by reaction with water (H2O). De-polymerization of chitosan is different from other polysaccharide compounds, because its have a difficult decomposed β-bond and a cationic amine groups. Therefore, it required operating conditions and type of catalyst to produce chitosan in accordance with specifications. The purpose of this research is to obtain optimum conditions of chitosan hydrolysis process and determine the type of acid catalyst is best to produce chitosan with low molecular weight (LMWCs). Results showed that temperature, catalyst concentration, and type of catalyst greatly affect on the depolymerization of chitosan. Depolymerization effect increases with increasing temperature and catalyst concentration, characterized by reduced viscosity and molecular weight of chitosan. To produce chitosan with a molecular weight between 50-100 kDa, optimum conditions : temperature of 70 0C, hydrolysis time 120 minutes, and the concentration of Hidrochloric Acid (HCl )was 0.6 to 0.8 N.
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI SEBAGAI KATALIS RAMAH LINGKUNGAN PADA PROSES HIDROLISIS BIOMASSA Rizki Amelia; Harlanto Pandapotan; Purwanto Purwanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Research on a variety of technologies that can turn biomass into ethanol is done in order to find most efficient method. A common method used in converting cellulose to glucose is acid hydrolysis. However, the process still has some shortcomings, such as the process is still relatively expensive, the conversion is still low and there is a byproduct of acid waste. These acid wastes can pollute the environment, as well as the reaction proceeds the separation process a little more difficult. Seeing these conditions it needed another way to resolve the issue. There should be a modification of the method of hydrolysis which can optimize the production of glucose were found to have a high glucose yield, cheap and eco-friendly. The method is the hydrolysis process using heterogeneous catalysts such as activated carbon sulfonated sulfonated activated carbon is made from coconut shell that had been activated previously, then sulphonated in 98% sulfuric acid in process variables: temperature (30, 50, 70 ° C), normality (4, 7, 10 N), and time (2, 4, 6 hours). And then it is washed and dried. Characteristic morphology of the catalyst in the form of test structures with SEM, BET surface area of the catalyst, and test functional groups by FTIR. The results showed that the best test of a catalyst characteristics on the process variable 40 °C, 10 N, and sulfonation time for 6 hours. In the test SEM morphological structure of activated carbon catalyst is more overt, to test obtained BET surface area of 2219,484 m2 / g, and to test the presence of sulphonate group FTIR vibrational wave numbers legible at 1750 cm-1 and 1379 cm-1.
PENGARUH KATALIS ASAM (H2SO4) DAN SUHU REAKSI DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH MINYAK IKAN Boby Gusman Irianto Samosir; Fradriyan Aulia; Luqman Buchori
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Biodesel is a fuel that consists of a mixture of monoalkyl esters of long fatty acid used as an alternative for. The purpose of this study was to produce biodiesel using fish waste as raw materials and the influence of the acid catalyst and reaction temperature on biodiesel specifications. For fixed variables consist of: weight of fish oil, cooking time, comparison of oil content of methanol, catalyst wt%, while variable changes consist of: the amount of acid catalyst, and reaction temperature. Variation of catalyst used in this study were 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, and 4 ml, while the variation for the reaction temperature is 50oC, 60oC, 70oC and 80oC. In this study consists of two stages. The first stage is making biodesel which consists of: preparation and analysis of fish oils, esterification and transesterification of triglycerides and glycerol separation. In the second phase is to analyze the physical properties biodesel result of transesterification The results obtained that the change in temperature and amount of catalyst H2SO4 affect the yield value, viscosity, density and refractive index of biodiesel. The changes affect the amount of catalyst H2SO4 calorific value of biodiesel. In the process of making biodiesel from fish oil obtained results close to Test for specific gravity, viscosity and refractive index is a variation of temperature (70oC, 80oC; amount of catalyst H2SO4 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, 4 ml) and variations in temperature (60oC amount of catalyst 3 ml, 4 ml). The calorific value of biodiesel from fish oil every variation of catalyst amount is far below the heating value of SNI, which is between 5190 - 5575 kcal / kg.
PEMBUATAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT DENGAN IMPREGNASI KI/KIO3 DAN UJI KINERJA KATALIS UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL Lukman Hakim Firdaus; Adit Rizky Wicaksono; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

H-Zeolite catalysts synthesized from natural zeolite include chemical treatment process stages, screening, washing, impregnation KI/KIO3 and physical treatment. The objective of this research is to study characteristics of catalyst that was impregnated KI / KIO3 with surface area analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and performance test of catalyst for production of biodiesel. The results showed that the surface area of ​​the catalyst by 27.236 m2/ g at a concentration of 5% KI. XRD analysis of the value obtained at 2-θ peak at 23.627o zeolite indicating that KI was impregnated on H-zeolite catalyst. The catalyst was tested for production of biodiesel using palm oil with conventional methods for 3-hour temperature of 70-80oC. The Result for conversion Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) had maximum value on 87.91% at a concentration of catalyst impregnation variable KIO3 5%.
PENGHILANGAN RACUN ASAM SIANIDA ( HCN ) DALAM UMBI GADUNG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN PENYERAP ABU Ahmad Luthfi Alma’arif; Ariska Wijaya; Djoko Murwono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Gadung constitutes carbohydrate source. But then, gadung also contain poison who can switch off if consumed by overdose. Severally region at Indonesian, gadung is utilized as food of alternative or just is utilized as demulcent food. Besides as source of carbohydrate, gadung also contain calcium, phosphorus and iron substance one stand in good stead in human body. Remembering gadung quality that exists at marketing that stills to contemn, so needs to be studied by method that effisien and results gadung that high-grade. To the effect this research is subject to be know HCN's poison rate that exists in gadung's corm, knowing absorbent material type influence (chaff ash and wood ash) one that is utilized and weight influence of that absorbent material for disappearance to titrate HCN's poison in gadung's corm. Research did by adds absorbent material on surface cut gadung with rolled out. Gadung already being sliced by little – little then added by absorbent material (chaff ash, wood ash, and active carbon) until rolled out goes to all cut surface with variation (5%, 10%,15%) and is set, packaged by calico. Then is pressed and at aging up to 24 hours and afterwards are dried. Soaking in water 15 liters up to 72 hours, then is dried again. Experimental result then analysed by spektrofotometri's quiz tool so known by HCN's poison rate that lost from umbi gadung. Result is that show trial active carbon can't be utilized to absorb HCN'S poison, meanwhile wood ash and chaff ash can be utilized as absorbent material of HCN'S poison on gadung's corm. Chaff ash with composition 5%,10%,15% get to remove HCN as big as 42,08%; 56,57%; 56,58%. Timbered ash with composition 5%,10%,15% can remove HCN'S poisons as big as 27,44%; 56,51%; 63,78%. Optimum absorbent material acquired on absorbent material type that is utilized as ash of wood as big as 15% of heavy gadung's corms, which is poison which gets lost as big as 63,78%.
SINTESIS SELULOSA DIASETAT DARI ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) DAN POTENSINYA UNTUK PEMBUATAN MEMBRAN Richa Rachmawaty; Metty Meriyani; Slamet Priyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Water hyacinth population that continues to grow every day becomes a problem that must be solve immediately. One of the prospective utilization is synthesis cellulose diacetate based on  cellulose which containing in water hyacinth. The purpose of this research are to determine the potential of water hyacinth in the manufacture of membranes and determine the effect of polymer concentration and evaporation time on membrane performance. In this research, there were two series of experiments, synthesis of cellulose diacetate from water hyacinth and manufacture of membranes. Synthesis cellulose diacetate was done by two steps, cellulose insulation and cellulose acetylation. While, manufacture of membranes was done by phase inversion method, where the parameters that will be examined is the optimization point of polymer concentration 13, 14 and 15% weight as well as  evaporation time 0, 5, 10 and 15 seconds. Cellulose diacetate used as polymer, with acetone as solvent and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as additives. Characterization of membrane was done by measuring flux and rejection to separate humic acid water, and analysis using FTIR and SEM. The results showed that water hyacinth can be utilized as cellulose diacetate and has potential to be used as membranes. In addition, it can be concluded that the concentration of polymer and evaporation time have an affect to the performance of the membrane where the greater concentration of the polymer and the longer of the evaporation time caused the morphological structure of the membrane will be more dense and pores become smaller, so flux getting smaller while the rejection getting larger. Membrane with 15 %wt polymer concentration and 10 seconds evaporation time produces the best performance with flux 460,54 L/m2.hour and rejection 64,28%.
PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN EFEKTIVITAS ADSORBEN DALAM PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL FUEL GRADE DARI LIMBAH POD KAKAO (THEOBROMA CACAO) A. Rachman Fauzi; Didik Haryadi; Slamet Priyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The scarcity of fuel oil globally will need to use biofuels as a alternative fuel. One of it is bioethanol. Bioethanol is ethanol produced from sugar fermentation. Generally bioethanol made from crops like sugar cane and sweet sorghum. Though the plant has a use value as food. This can cause food prices creeping up highly interest in plants and biofuel producers to process the material into bioethanol. Cocoa plantation commodities whose role is quite important to the national economy. Components of the cocoa pod waste is the largest cocoa pod which is 75%. The cocoa pod has a coarse fiber which consists of 27,8278 % lignin, 22,852 % cellulose,and 11,9482 % hemicellulose. The content of cellulose and hemicellulose in the cocoa pod can be further processed into bioethanol by hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation and adsorption (purification). Method for the purification of bioethanol used adsoption, to separate water from ethanol compound. The study was conducted using experimental methods and performed in the laboratory of chemical engineering, University of Diponegoro. Phases of the study are preparation materials, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, adsorption, and analysis of results. Variables change at the time of fermentation experiments (144: 168: 192: 216) hours, but it's kind of adsorbent during the distillation of molecular sieve 3A, silica gel and a mixture of molecular sieve 3A and silica gel. Variables fixed at the stage of hydrolysis is 100 grams of cocoa pod powder, 2N H2SO4, 1 liter distilled water, 4 hours of hydrolysis time, hydrolysis temperature 100OC. Variables fermentation stage are 0.23% w S. cerevisiae, 18% glucose, 0.5% w Urea, 0.06% w NPK, pH 5. At this stage of the distillation temperature of 85 °C, the volume of 60 ml, 1.5-hour distillation time and at this stage of dehydration is 90gram weight of adsorbent, temperature 78OC. Responses were observed levels of ethanol that is produced on fermentation time and the ability of  molecular sieve 3A or silica gel in ethanol purification. The result showed that the fermentation of the cocoa pod is the best at 168 hours. Molecular sieve 3A is a better adsorbent than silica gel or molecular sieve 3A + mixture of silica gel. Fuel grade ethanol is obtained by the adsorption of the ethanol content of 95.87% to 99.16% using molecular sieve 3A.
KULTIVASI Botryococcus Braunii MEMANFAATKAN AIR DADIH (WHEY) TAHU SEBAGAI POTENSI BIODIESEL Tirna Adhika Rahmat; Rosa Delima Dias W.S.; Danny Soetrisnanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Production of biodiesel comes from trans-esterification reaction of fatty acid which produces methyl ester. Vegetables, animals and microalgae can be used for fatty acid sources by their oil, but microalgae have a more beneficial prospect compared to vegetables and animals. Microalgae have fast grow-rate, high oil productivity, low production cost and not having a competition with food industries. Among microalgae, Botryococcus braunii is the one with high oil quantity inside their cells (25 – 75 %). The wastewater of tofu industries is liquid residual from soybean processing becomes tofu which having a nuisance for the environment. This wastewater, usually called whey, is still containing organic materials such as water (99,34 %), protein (1,73 %), fat (0,63 %), nitrogen content (0,05%) and ash (0,11 %) and COD. Organic materials have effect to stimulate microalgae’s growing. Objectives of this experiment are the influence of tofu whey addition at different concentrations toward biomass and lipid produced. This experiment provided the result which optimal cultivation of Botryococcus braunii reaches when using 10% concentration tofu whey with optimal optical density (OD) at day 9 (0,802), 2,4101 gram/litre of gained biomass and 0,8716 gram/litre of lipid production.,better than cultivation of Botryoccus braunii using syntetic nutrient. Maximum COD reduction was gained at 15% tofu whey addition with 88,51% efficiency. COD reduction at optimal tofu whey addition (10%) is 83,33%.
PEMANFAATAN ZEOLIT ALAM UNTUK PENGERINGAN KARAGINAN DENGAN SPRAY DRYER Babar Priyadi M.H; Thufail Khoirul Afifi; Setia Budi Sasongko
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The problem that will be faced in drying is quite high relative humidity, therefore carrageenan drying process using spray dryer with zeolite as humidity absorber becomes alternative option to achieve heat effectiveness of air dryer. The research is purposed to examine the effect of temperature and level of zeolite to relative humidity and product quality on carrageenan drying process. Spray dryer is a dryer used to produce powder material from feeds which have liquid and pasta form. The Results indicate that humidity and carrageenan product quality are influenced by drying air temperature and zeolite level. Zeolite absorber will influence humidity. The higher zeolite level is, the lower humidity will be. when zeolite level 25 cm, the initial relative humidity is about 70%. It will be decrease until 27% and the drying air temperature before heater gets increase from 28ᵒC to 42ᵒC. The higher drying air temperature and zeolite level are, the better quality of carrageenan product will be. When drying air temperature is 90 ᵒC and zeolite level is 25 cm, moisture content of carrageenan product is 30,17% and the highest product efficiency is 68,67%. Carrageenan product efficiency gets increase by increasing drying air temperature and zeolite level.
PEMANFAATAN MINYAK GORENG BEKAS MENJADI DETERGEN ALAMI MELALUI KOMBINASI REAKSI TRANS-ESTERIFIKASI DAN SULFONASI Aga Aulia Rahman; Galih Satrio Lelono; Mohamad Djaeni
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Deterjen adalah produk yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk membersihkan pakaian. Mengingat efek buruk detergen sintetis bagi alam yaitu susah terdegradasi oleh alam, maka perlu di cari inovasi pengganti bahan pembuatan detergen yang ramah lingkungan dan juga pengurangan limbah minyak goreng bekas yang cukup melimpah. Dengan dilakukannya studi ini diharapkan dapat mengetahui kondisi optimum pembuatan detergen alami dari minyak goreng bekas dengan teknologi tepat guna, serta mengetahui variabel yang berpengaruh dalam pembuatannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memproduksi Metil ester sulfonat (MES) sebagai bahan aktif dalam detergen dengan proses kombinasi trans-esterifikasi dan sulfonasi dengan bahan baku minyak goreng bekas yang selanjutnya di pelajari kondisi operasi dalam pembuatan detergen alami dari MES yang di campurkan bahan lain sebagi komposisi detergen tersebut. Penelitian ini mengkaji suhu operasi, %zeolit, dan kecepatan pengadukan sehingga di dapat kondisi operasi optimum dalam pembuatan detergen alami dari minyak goreng bekas. Variabel tetap yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah volume MES sebanyak 100ml, berat CMC sebanyak 20%, berat soda ash sebanyak 45%, dan jenis bahan penunjang yaitu zeolit Na . Sedangkan variabel berubahnya adalah suhu operasi pada 60oC, 80oC dan 100oC, % zeolit sebanyak 10%, 20%, dan 30%, serta kecepatan pengadukan 120 rpm, 180 rpm dan 240 rpm.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum pada suhu 105°C, kecepatan pengadukan 260 rpm, dan % zeolit sebanyak 32% sehingga menghasilkan daya detergensi sebesar 46% mendekati daya detergensi surfaktan LAS murni sehingga detergen dari minyak goring bekas ini layak di gunakan. Variabel bebas yang paling berpengaruh adalah kecepatan pengadukan, di ikuti oleh %zeolit kemudian suhu.

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