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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 55 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 21 no. 3 (2020)" : 55 Documents clear
The egg characteristics of malon broiler, Japanese quails and their cross Endang Sujana Sujana; ASEP ANANG; IWAN SETIAWAN; TUTI Widjastuti
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210306

Abstract

Abstract. Sujana E, Anang A, Setiawan I, Widjastuti. 2020. The egg characteristics of malon broiler, Japanese quails and their cross. Biodiversitas 21: 889-895. Research on evaluation of the characteristics of Malon broiler and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs and on the crossbreeding between the two has been implemented in the Quail Breeding Center, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to know and evaluate the characteristics of Malon broiler and Japanese quails eggs and the crossbreeding between the two. The research used experimental method with complete random draft consisting of 4 treatments with six repeats, with each replay unit consisting of 10 grains so that the total of incubator eggs used are 240 grains. The treatment used was the breeding or marriage of Malon broiler quail ? x Malon broiler quail ? (MM), selected Japanese quail ? x selected Japanese quail ? (JJ), Malon broiler quail ? x selected Japanese quail ? (MJ), and Japanese selected quail ? x Malon broiler quail ? (JM). Statistical analysis was conducted using GLM (General Linear Model) with test Duncan using SAS application programs. The observed parts are egg weight, egg shape or Shape Index (SI), specific gravity (SG), and eggshell thickness. The results showed a noticeable difference in those parts. Further research results showed that the best quality of egg incubator comes from the crossbreeding of Malon broiler quail ? x selected Japanese quail ?(MJ), which is good for breeding quails.
The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia ZAHLUL IKHSAN; HIDRAYANI; YAHERWANDI; HASMIANDY HAMID
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210323

Abstract

Abstract. Ikhsan Z, Hidrayani, Yaherwandi, Hamid H. 2020. The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1020-1026. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders and it plays a vital role in human life as pollinators, parasitoids, and predators. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important as agents of biological control of pest. The objective of this research was to study the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Samplings were conducted in 3 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely Batang Tuaka, Keritang and Reteh, using four trapping techniques (i.e. insect net, malaise trap, pitfall trap, and yellow pan trap). Shannon diversity index (H '), Krebs evenness index (E), and Jaccard similarity index (Is) were calculated. We found 4,701 individuals consisting of 39 families and 319 species of Hymenoptera at the three studied areas. Tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir District had a high species diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids and Hymenoptera predators, but a moderate species diversity of Hymenoptera pollinators. Species diversity and evenness of Hymenoptera parasitoids and predators were higher in Keritang than in Batang Tuaka and Reteh. The families of Formicidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Scelionidae had the highest number of species, while Formicidae, Scelionidae, Diapriidae, and Braconidae had the highest number of individuals. Based on these findings, the abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera insects in Indragiri Hilir District have the potentials to be developed as biological agents to control pests on tidal swamp rice in this area.
Short Communication: Characterization of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with five Dendrobium species in Java, Indonesia R Soelistijono; D.S. UTAMI; DARYANTI; M. FAIZIN; R. DIAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210321

Abstract

Abstract. Soelistijono R, Utami DS, Daryanti, Faizin M, Dian R. 2020. Plankton biodiversity in various typologies of inundation in Paminggir swamp, South Kalimantan, Indonesia on dry season. Biodiversitas 21: 1007-1011. This study aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the roots of five Dendrobium species; to determine the association between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the root of five Dendrobium sp.; to obtain difference between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the other in adjacent location Mycorrhizal observations of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae in this study were carried out macroscopically (morphologically) and microscopically (anatomically). The macroscopic observation was performed by observing directly the development of fungal colonies on culture media. Microscopic observations were performed to determine the shape of the hyphal of fungi and the number of nuclei. The results showed that the Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the root of five species of Dendrobium sp. in Java were the binucleate Rhizoctonia groups (BNR). The binucleate Rhizoctonia has white colonies, right-angle branching hyphae, two nuclei, and brown hyphae. The association of the root of five species of Dendrobium sp.with Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae fungi was indicated by the existence of a peloton structure in cortical root tissue.
Harvesting trends of Amboina box turtles (Cuora amboinensis) seventeen years after listing in Appendix II CITES Muhammad Alif Fauzi; Amir Hamidy; Nia Kurniawan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210339

Abstract

Abstract. Fauzi MA, Hamidy A, Kurniawan N. 2020. Harvesting trends of Amboina box turtles (Cuora amboinensis) seventeen years after listing in Appendix II CITES. Biodiversitas 21: 1142-1148. Among Southeast Asian freshwater turtles, the Amboina box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) held the highest recorded harvesting levels. The large volumes of harvesting influenced its International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) revised the conservation status of C.amboinensis from Near Threatened to Vulnerable in 2000. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) also inclusion of Amboina box turtle in Appendix II category. The CITES trade database provided a data set that tracks the legal trade of C. amboinensis in the global market from 2000 to 2017. Before 2005, Malaysia was the largest major supplier of this species to the global market. However, after 2005, Indonesia replaces Malaysia as the biggest exporter. From 2005 to 2014, the data showed that the trade trends already followed the quota of provisions. The trade routes of C amboinensis showed that the USA was the country to which these turtles were most frequently imported (50 times during 2000-2017), while China was still the biggest importer country in terms of quantity (463584 individuals from 2000-2017). The USA re-exported C. amboinensis for the pet trade to several European countries. Vietnam reportedly also re-exported C. amboinensis from Laos. However, Laos has rarely reported the occurrence of export activities to Vietnam. Based on these findings, we were able to understand the dynamics of the C. amboinensis trade globally more clearly, propose several actions deemed necessary for its conservation, and suggest greater on-going coordinated efforts to monitor the trade of this species.
Short Communication: Adoption level of indigenous communities on agricultural technology in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Problem and adaptive solutions Ndan Imang
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210341

Abstract

Abstract. Imang N. 2020. Short Communication: Adoption level of indigenous communities to agricultural technology: problem and adaptive solutions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1160-1164. The economic and cultural background of the indigenous people of the Dayak Borneo was traditional shifting cultivation, hunting, and gathering. Since the 1980s, Indonesian central government promoted Resettlement Program by relocating them in down rivers to encourage and to improve their agricultural and economic life. By living in downriver with limited farming areas, they, of course, need more products of agriculture and therefore government promoted agricultural extension. The objectives of the study are to: assess adoption level of two indigenous Dayak communities on agricultural technology, assess the causes of problems on adoption of agricultural technology, and seek adaptive strategy in implementing agricultural technology. Data were collected by interviewing 54 respondents that were selected randomly and descriptive qualitative approach was used for data analysis. Some important findings were: (i) adoption level of 60% i.e. Low level and 40% i.e. middle level in both villages; (ii) the low level of adoption was caused by some factors, such as: low performance of the extension officers which was caused by the lack support from government, and the background of the farmers; farmers with low education background need visual media to understand the extension and to see the evidence of the new technology; (iii) adaptive strategies to improve agricultural extension level such as: government should support the extension officers with appropriate visual and material support such as LCD projector, portable generator, appropriate training and communication skill that suitable with socio-cultural background of the respondents. The extension officers also need to understand the cultural background of the respondents. Practical implication is that the government can develop more typical effective method of extension for indigenous communities with low educational background and traditional way of agriculture. Theoretical implications, of course, are to provide specific further information for research related to agricultural extension.
Short Communication: Optimization of extraction of sulfhydryl compounds from several legumes seeds in Indonesia with various ethanol concentrations Sri Wardatun; Yahdiana Harahap; Abdul Mun'im; NOORWATI SUTANDYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210328

Abstract

Abstract. Wardatun S, Harahap Y, Mun’im A. 2020. Short Communication: Optimization of extraction of sulfhydryl compounds from several legumes seeds in Indonesia with various ethanol concentrations. Biodiversitas 21: 1060-1064. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (petai Cina), Parkia speciosa Hassk. (petai), and Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen (jengkol) seeds extracts contain sulfhydryl compounds and have various therapeutic properties. The main objective of this research was to compare the effect of various ethanol concentration on the yield of extract and levels of sulfhydryl compounds from leguminous seeds. Dried seeds were macerated at room temperature (25°C) with a ratio of solids and solvents was 1:10. The solvent concentrations used were 30%, 50%, 70% and 96% ethanol. The yield of extract was expressed as the ratio of the weight of extract to the weight of dried seeds, the level of sulfhydryl compound was expressed as reduced L-glutathione (GSH) equivalent. The level of sulfhydryl compounds was determined by Ellman reagent and further analyzed using a spectrophotometer at 411 nm wavelength. Stink bean produced the highest yield of extract, while the highest level of sulfhydryl compounds was obtained from petai cina seed extract. The concentration of ethanol gave a significant difference to the yield of extract and the level of sulfhydryl compounds. The results showed that ethanol concentration affected the efficiency of the extraction of total sulfhydryl compounds and the yield of the extract on leguminous seeds.
Nutritional values of swamp grasses as feed for Pampangan Buffaloes in South Sumatra, Indonesia Muhakka Muhakka Muhakka; RUJITO AGUS SUWIGNYO; DEDIK BUDIANTA; YAKUP
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210314

Abstract

Abstract. Muhakka, Suwignyo RA, Budianta D, Yakup. 2020. Nutritional values of swamp grasses as feed for Pampangan Buffaloes in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 953-961. This study was aimed at determining the types and quality of vegetation in the swamp area, which could be used as sources of roughage for Pampangan buffaloes in South Sumatra. In this descriptive study, Results showed that the highest crude protein and ether extract contents, 20.56 and 2.92%, respectively, were found in (Neptunia oleracea). The highest ash content of 25.19% was found in Cyperus digitatus. The lowest fiber content (11.01%) was found in Ludwigia hyssopifolia, which also had the lowest content of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) (40.64%). Hemicellulose content was found to be highest (37.14%) in Leersia hexandra. The lowest ADF (23.66%) and lignin (14,84%) contents were found in Nymphaea lotus. N. oleracea was found to have the lowest content (27.08%) of cellulose. It was concluded that the swamp vegetation found in this study consisted of 17 species of grasses and herbs (89.47%) and two species of legumes (10.53%). C. digitatus and L. hyssopifolia were found to have the best nutritional values. Dominant and palatable vegetation with good nutritional values, which were potential to be used as sources of roughage for Pampangan buffaloes, were Hymenachne acutigluma, Oryza rufipogon, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Polygonum barbatum, and Eleocharis dulcis.
Morphological and agronomical characters of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, Indonesia: - TANTRI PALUPI; FRANKY PANGARIBUAN; HEARNES; FADJAR RIYANTO; WASIAN; DWI ZULFITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210329

Abstract

Abstract. Palupi T, Pangaribuan F, Hearnes, Riyanto F, Wasian, Zulfita D. 2020. Morphological and agronomical characters of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1065-1073. The black rice paddy is a variety of rice known to have anthocyanin content which is beneficial to human health. Yet, the black rice paddy is relatively rare to find as not all rice-growing areas develop and plant black rice. West Kalimantan has several potential black rice varieties which are potentials as genetic resources to create a new black rice variety in plant breeding programs. This research was aimed to describe the morphological and agronomical characteristics of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, namely Nanga Taman, Mukok, Senakin, and Ensalang. The study was conducted at the experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tanjungpura, Pontianak using Completely Randomized Design. Each variety consisted of six replications, and each replication consisted of 3 samples. We observed 12 characters of the vegetative phase and 21 characters of the generative period. The four varieties had similarities in 13 characters and differences in 20 characters. The results showed that the four black rice had superior properties such as the stem angle and the angle of the leaves is upright so that it reduces interference from bird pests. Among them, the Senakin variety had an advantage over the three other varieties in terms of plant height, age, the number of productive tillers, and weight of grains.
Stomata cells studies of Paraphalaenopsis spp. from in vitro and greenhouse condition R. VITRI GARVITA; Hary Wawangningrum
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210335

Abstract

Abstract. Garvita RV, Wawangningrum H. 2020. Stomata cells studies of Paraphalaenopsis spp. from in vitro and greenhouse condition. Biodiversitas 21: 1116-1121. In vitro micropropagation is an efficient biotechnological strategy for conservation and commercial plantlet production. The ultimate success of in vitro microporapagation depends on the ability to transfer plants out of culture, known as acclimatization stage. The morphology, anatomy and physiology of plantlets in in vitro culture conditions is different from the plants in environment condition (greenhouse), therefore they are unable to compete with soil microbes and to cope with the environmental conditions. The aim of this research is to determine stomata morphology and distribution of Paraphalaenopsis spp (Orchidaceae) from in vitro growth and greenhouse conditions. The leaf stomata cells of Paraphalaenopsis spp. (Paraphalaenopsis serpentilingua, Paraphalaenopsis labukensis and Paraphalaenopsis laycockii) was undertaken by observing the stomata preparation of the upper leaf and lower leaf by using microscope fitted with optic visual seven. The descriptive method was used to describe the stomata morphology by observing the epidermis of longitudinal section and stomata length of upper and lower leaf by using a microscope. The results showed that these plants had anomocytic type of stomata cells. The distributions of stomata are in the upper and lower epidermis leaf in all Paraphalaenopsis spp from in vitro growth and greenhouse.  
Physical and chemical characteristic of stem starch and sheath flour from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) Syarifah Yusra; Yudi Pranoto; Chairil Anwar; Chusnul Hidayat
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210307

Abstract

Abstract. Yusra S, Hidayat C, Pranoto Y, Anwar C. 2020. Physical and chemical characteristics of stem starch and sheath flour from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). Biodiversitas 21: 896-902. Replanting old oil palm plantation with a new plant produces a large volume of cleared trees. Yet, the utilization of these by-products is still limited. The objective of this research was to explore and characterize the physicochemical properties of the oil palm stem starch (SS) and sheath flour (SF). SF and SS were extracted by a wet extraction method. Results showed that starch contents of SS and SF (after three times of washing) were 95.56±0.01% and 37.03 ± 0.72%, respectively. Amylose and amylopectin contents of SS were higher than that of sheath starch. Besides, SF contained high protein (19.28% db) and lipid (9.27% db). Protein was also confirmed by FTIR analysis. SF also contained polyphenol. The starch granular was smooth with a clean surface. The granules of SF are classified as very small granules (2-5 µm) while those of SS as small to medium granules (5-25 µm). Polymorph analysis showed that SF and SS had a type-C and B-type, respectively. SF did not have pasting temperature due to the presence of lipid, protein, and polyphenol. Washing of the flour with water decreased protein, lipid and ash contents. It resulted in a decrease in yield about 1.8 times. SS has a pasting temperature of about 71.55°C. Paste viscosity reached a maximum of about 5707 cps. In conclusion, SS that had high viscosity may be used as a thickener and SF may be used for a source of the modified starch to produce such as dextrin and glucose syrup.

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