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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 65 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 24 no. 4 (2023)" : 65 Documents clear
Screening of phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae TITA WIDJAYANTI; RESTU RIZKYTA KUSUMA; LUQMAN QURATA AINI; CINDY DIAH AYU FITRIANI; ANTOK WAHYU SEKTIONO; MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI; YOGO SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240417

Abstract

Abstract. Widjayanti T, Kusuma RR, Aini LQ, Fitriani CDA, Sektiono AW, Hadi MS, Setiawan Y. 2023. Screening of phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Biodiversitas 24: 2072-2079. The use of phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents may be an eco-friendly alternative strategy to control bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). This study aimed to evaluated the antagonistic potential of phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria were isolated from organic rice fields in Tumpang Sub-district, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. The pathogenicity of X. oryzae pv. oryzae was tested on rice plants by the leaf clipping inoculation method. In this study, eight combinations of phyllospheric bacteria (PB) and endophytic bacterial (EB) isolates were chosen based on the highest percentage of inhibition. Streptomycin (positive control) and distilled water (negative control) were also used as a treatment. Identification of selected phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria was carried out through morphological and molecular characteristics. In total, 181 of PB and 76 of EB were isolated from rice plants. Of these, 11 of PB and 13 of EB isolates had potential as antagonists, shown by inhibition zone. Among all treatments, P55+E15 combination showed the highest inhibition zone (83.49%), followed by P55+E27 (82.33%) and P55+E18 (80.98%). Based on morphological and molecular identification, P55, E15, E27, and E18 isolates were identified as Delftia lacustris, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Lysinibacillus fusiformis, respectively. The combination of D. lacustris (P55) and B. cereus (E15) can be used as a biocontrol agent against X. oryzae pv. oryzae based on in vitro assay.
Usability of planted mangroves in the coastal area of Semarang, Indonesia, as the source of secondary metabolite extracts ENDAH DWI HASTUTI; MUNIFATUL IZZATI; SRI DARMANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240456

Abstract

Abstract. Hastuti ED, Izzati M, Darmanti S. 2023. Usability of planted mangroves in the coastal area of Semarang, Indonesia, as the source of secondary metabolite extracts. Biodiversitas 24: 2409-2415. Mangrove plants are a potential source of secondary metabolites. So the secondary metabolites from mangrove plants must be assessed to promote their utilization. Considering this, the present study was carried out to analyze the alkaloid and phenol content in mangrove species in Tugu District, Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. Alkaloid and phenol content in five mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, and Xylocarpus moluccensis) were estimated using the spectrophotometry method. The study results revealed that the alkaloid content of A. marina was highest (0.23 ± 0.11%), while the highest concentration of phenol content was found in X. moluccensis (9.66 ± 1.36%). However, after including the other parameters, viz., abundance Index and accessibility Index, A. marina, was found to be a potential source of alkaloid extract, and R. mucronata was a potential source of phenol extract.
Seaweed diversity and community structure on the west coast of Aceh, Indonesia ERNIATI ERNIATI; ERLANGGA ERLANGGA; YUDHO ANDIKA; MULIANI MULIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240431

Abstract

Abstract. Erniati, Erlangga, Andika Y, Muliani. 2023. Seaweed diversity and community structure on the west coast of Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2189-2200. One of the commodities that continues to be developed by the Indonesian government in fisheries is seaweed. The potential of seaweed as a food ingredient in Aceh is very abundant. However, diversity and community structure of seaweeds on the west coast of Aceh have not been studied much. Therefore, this study has been carried out to assess the diversity and community structure of seaweeds on the west coast of Aceh based on transect method. Sampling has been carried out in all districts/cities (6 districts and 1 city) of west coast of Aceh. Altogether, a total of 50 species have been identified; of which, maximum number of species belongs to Phaeophyta (21 species) followed by Chlorophyta (16 species) and Rhodophyta (13 species). The estimated value of diversity (H'), uniformity (E), and dominance (D) index is 1.02, 0.50 and 0.51 respectively. Based on the univariate diversity indices analysis, it has been found that seaweed on the west coast of Aceh is in the moderate category. Furthermore, the water quality parameters revealed the existence of conducive environmental conditions for the growth and life of seaweed. So, it is proposed that use of appropriate seaweed culture techniques can be carried out on the west coast of Aceh to able to make Aceh a seaweed center in Indonesia.
Determination of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus EMMANUEL CHIKODIRI OKOLI; ISAAC JOHN UMARU; OTITOJU OLAWALE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240440

Abstract

Abstract. Okoli EC, Umaru IJ, Olawale O. 2023. Determination of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus. Biodiversitas 24: 2272-2277. Many people in Nigeria and West Africa have long used the leaves, stem bark, and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. as a medicine to treat ailments such as malaria, ulcers, coughs, and fevers. The antioxidant, antimalarial, antiulcer, and antibacterial activities of stem bark, leaves, and roots of P. erinaceus have been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of the P. erinaceus leaf. Phytochemical compounds in ethanolic leaf extracts of P. erinaceus were analyzed and quantified by Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The antibacterial test was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by agar diffusion. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging activity. Phytochemicals content in the extract include flavonoids (44.71%), alkaloids (19.47%), steroids (6.01%), tannins (1.73%), saponins (4.70%), glycosides (7.00%), tannins (2.60%), anti-nutrient (12.77%). Ethanol extracts of P. erinaceus leaves were effective against all selected bacterial strains (E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa). DPPH scavenging activity of the ethanol extract of P.erinaceus at a concentration of 1000 ?g/mL was 49.51% and 27.20% at 40 ?g/mL, categorized as moderate antioxidant activity. This study showed that crude ethanol extracts of P. erinaceus leaf contained pharmacologically active compounds and exhibited significant antibacterial and DPPH free radical scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner.
Diversity of herbal medicine in Mamasa District, West Sulawesi, Indonesia ELIS TAMBARU; RESTI URA’; MUSTIKA TUWO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240410

Abstract

Abstract. Tambaru E, Ura’ R, Tuwo M. 2023. Diversity of herbal medicine in Mamasa District, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2013-2022. This study aimed to identify the species of traditional medicinal plants, the parts processed as medicine and the processing methods of the plants used in traditional medicine. This research was conducted in Mellangkenapadang Village and Paladan Village, Sesenapadang District, Mamasa Regency. This research method was descriptive exploratory. Qualitative data collection was carried out using the cruising method. Sampling of medicinal plants in the site was carried out using the Participatory Rural Appraisal method, an assessment process involving active roles of the community. The results showed that the number of medicinal plants growing in Mellangkenapadang Village and Paladan Village, Sesenapadang District, Mamasa Regency were 49 species belonging to, 30 families, the most widely used being Asteraceae, and 22 orders, the most widely used being Solanales. The number of medicinal plant species used in Mellangkenapadang Village was 46 species. The most frequently used plant was guava (93.33%) and the lowest pumpkin, pineapple, spoon leaf, and airplant (3.33%). Meanwhile, in Paladan Village, 43 species were used; the most frequently used was painted nettle (96.67%) and the least were airplant and galangal (3.33%). The most widely used plant part as traditional medicine was leaf (59.18%) and the least used were stems (2.04%) and seeds (2.04%). The processing of medicinal plants was mostly boiling (55.10%) and the least burning (2.04%). Medicinal plant knowledge needs to be preserved for the younger generation so that it can be used sustainably in the future. This can be done by conserving biodiversity and preserving the plant's genetic material for pharmaceutical development.
Physicochemical, thermal properties, and in vitro rumen fermentation of four different underutilized fruit by-products RUSLI FIDRIYANTO; GUNAWAN PRIADI; RONI RIDWAN; NAHROWI NAHROWI; ANURAGA JAYANEGARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240457

Abstract

Abstract. Fidriyanto R, Priadi G, Ridwan R, Nahrowi N, Jayanegara A. 2023. Physicochemical, thermal properties, and in vitro rumen fermentation of four different underutilized fruit by-products. Biodiversitas 24: 2416-2425. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of selected agricultural wastes consisting of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel (MGP), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel (PGP), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Peel (KLP), and Melastoma candidum D.Don Fruit (MCF) as ruminant feeds and enteric methane mitigation. The samples were analyzed for proximate, phytochemical, enzyme inhibition activity, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and in vitro rumen fermentation. The study found that MCF had the highest protein content (105.69 g/kg DM), while KLP had the lowest crude fiber (115.89 g/kg DM). MCF extract had the highest total phenol and flavonoid, and PGP extract had the highest enzyme inhibition activity. XRD analysis showed that KLP had the highest crystallinity (18.23%), followed by MCF (17.95%). KLP had the highest potential gas production (147.78 mL), followed by PGP (62.20 mL), MCF (27.86 mL), and MGP (4.46 mL). In addition, rumen digestibility, post-rumen digestibility, and VFA followed a similar pattern. The lowest methane production was observed in MGP and MCF. In conclusion, kaffir lime peel is potentially used as ruminant feed due to its higher digestibility and VFA production. Although MCF has lower digestibility, it is potentially used as a source of phenolic compounds to reduce methane production due to its higher phenolic and flavonoid content.
Characterization and identification of Trichoderma on shallots isolated from three elevation regions in West Sumatra, Indonesia EKA SUSILA; FRI MAULINA; DENI EMILDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240416

Abstract

Abstract. Susila E, Maulina F, Emilda D. 2023. Characterization and identification of Trichoderma on shallots isolated from three elevation regions in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2064-2071. Various microorganisms are found in the rhizosphere of plants. The species of Trichoderma exhibited many benefits to plants such as biological control of many crop diseases and their causing agents. This study aim was to explore, collect, and identify species of Trichoderma from shallot rhizosphere based on morphological characters and molecular techniques. The research was carried out from March to October 2021 at Biology Laboratories Agricultural State Polytechnic of Payakumbuh and Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute (ITFRI) for morphological observation, and Molecular Laboratories, ITFRI for molecular identification. Samples were collected from Alahan Panjang (1700 m above sea level), Solok (400m asl) and Kambang (< 200 m asl) by using Stratified Random Sampling method. The isolates of Trichoderma species were cultured on Potato Dextose Agar (PDA). Three Trichoderma sp. from shallot rhizosphere were obtained and identified. Four specific primer pairs (T2A F-T2A R, T2 F-T2 R, T1 F-T1 R and Th1 F-Th1 R) were used for molecular identification. The amplification results of three isolates of Trichoderma spp. using four pairs of specific primers showed that the three isolates tested amplified only in the T. asperellum primer pair. The results showed that Trichoderma spp. origin of shallot rhizosphere from three locations (Alahan Panjang, Solok and Kambang) is identified as one species i.e. Trichoderma asperellum.
Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from traditional food sarobuong of Kuantan Singingi District, Riau, Indonesia SARYONO SARYONO; ISMAWATI ISMAWATI; NOVA WAHYU PRATIWI; SILVERA DEVI; MERRY YOHANA SIPAYUNG; NABELLA SURAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240432

Abstract

Abstract. Saryono, Ismawati, Pratiwi NW, Devi S, Sipayung MY, Suraya N. 2023. Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from traditional food sarobuong of Kuantan Singingi District, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2201-2206. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used as probiotic agents in fermented processed foods like sarobuong. Sarobuong is a traditional food from Kuantan Singingi District made by fermenting bamboo shoots. In this study, the isolation and purification of LAB from sarobuang were done using MRS agar media with the streak quadrant method: macroscopic and microscopic observations and biochemical and physiological tests to identify isolates. The antibacterial ability of LAB isolates was used against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that 21 isolates were gram-positive bacteria in the form of bacilli and coccus, while carbohydrate degradation was homofermentative. The results of the antibacterial test of 21 isolates indicated by LAB against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria showed a clear zone ranging from 0.1 to 0.6. The highest antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria E. coli was observed in isolate RB1, while for pathogenic bacteria S. aureus, it was in isolate R15. The results obtained from several isolates that have been tested showed that LAB isolated from sarobuong had relatively higher activity than the control and was identified as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus.
Short Communication: Morphological and molecular description of Contracaecum sp. larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in common rudd fish of the Shurkul Reservoir of Uzbekistan BAKHROM B. SOATOV; ABDURAKHIM E. KUCHBOEV; ROKHATOY R. KARIMOVA; OYBEK O. AMIROV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240412

Abstract

Abstract. Soatov BB, Kuchboev AE, Karimova RR, Amirov OO. 2023. Short Communication: Morphological and molecular description of Contracaecum sp. larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in common rudd fish of the Shurkul reservoir of Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 2031-2036. The common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus Linnaeus 1758) is freshwater fish widely spread in Uzbekistan, including reservoirs of the Bukhara Province, Uzbekistan. The study aimed to perform the morphological and molecular identification of the larvae of nematode Contracaecum sp. found in common rudd fish in the Shurkul Reservoir of the Bukhara Province. These larvae were similar to species of the genus Contracaecum based on their morphological characteristics. The molecular data, according to the results of the phylogenetic tree based on nucleotide sequences of the 18S gene of rDNA, the samples of larvae showed a close relationship with haplotype Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 E. Therefore, to increase the reliability of this information, nucleotide sequences of the gene 28S of rDNA were verified. As a result of this study, these larvae were very close to the haplotype of C. rudolphii B (AF 226579). Also, the common rudd fish was registered as an intermediate host for the larvae of this nematode. The prevalence of this fish with larvae of C. rudolphii B was 10.5%, and the intensity of infection was 1-18 copies. Thus, the larvae of the species C. rudolphii B are registered for the first time in Uzbekistan, and the common rudd fish was noted as an intermediate host.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of mayfly Caenis (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) using Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) and 12s rRNA genes from Thailand NARUMON PRAKRONGRAK; BOONSATIEN BOONSOONG; MONTHIRA MONTHATONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240407

Abstract

Abstract. Prakrongrak N, Boonsoong B, Monthatong M. 2023. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of mayfly Caenis (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) using Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) and 12s rRNA genes from Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 1989-1997. Mayflies in genus Caenisis one of the top fifth species richnessbelonged to Family Caenidae. The present study aimed to use the partial mitochondrial Cytochrome COxidase subunit I (COI) and 12s rRNA nucleotide sequences for molecular species identification, diversity and phylogenetic relationships of mayflies in genus Caenis Stephens, 1835 species from Thailand. From a total of 37 specimens, thirteen nymphs were morphologically identified into five species: Caenis nasuta Malzacher, C. Picea Kimmins, C. ulmeriana Malzacher, C. cornigera Kang and Yang and C. longiforcipata Malzacher. The other 24 samples were Caenis sp.1 to sp.5. Partial COI sequences of all samples were compared with BOLD and GenBank for species identification. However, the result showed only genus-level identification as Caenis with greater than 80% similarity. For species delimitation, interspecific genetic distance among these species ranged from 14.4 to 26.6% (COI) and from 7.36 to 22.4% (12s rRNA). Intraspecific divergence levels were 0.0% to 2.35%. ABGD analysis of both genes divided data into 10 groups corresponding to 10 morphospecies of Caenis. The phylogenetic relationships of Caenis, COI and 12s rRNA genes also classified each species to well supported clusters. In addition, we report C. cornigera from Thailand for the first time. The COI and 12s rRNA phylogenetic trees indicate a close relationship between C. cornigera and C. longiforcipata, which is supported by their similar morphology.

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