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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 50 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 26 no. 12 (2025)" : 50 Documents clear
First identification of marine anammox bacteria in Indonesia under tropical aquaculture conditions ELMI NURHAIDAH ZAINUDDIN; GUNO GUMELAR; SHAHRUL ISMAIL; MIA MIRANTI RUSTAMA; ZULKARNAINI ZULKARNAINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261244

Abstract

Abstract. Zainuddin EN, Gumelar G, Ismail S, Rustama MM, Zulkarnaini Z. 2025. First identification of marine anammox in Indonesia under tropical aquaculture conditions. Biodiversitas 26: 6469-6479. Marine anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria offer a promising and sustainable pathway for nitrogen removal from aquatic environments, particularly in shrimp aquaculture, where nitrogen-rich waste can cause environmental problems. This study aimed to identify marine anammox bacteria (MAB) under tropical conditions in two filter bioreactors (FtBRs) operated at tropical ambient temperatures with seawater salinity of 32-33 ppt. FtBR 1 was inoculated with intensive shrimp pond sludge, while FtBR 2 received a mixture of sludge and freshwater anammox granules (Candidatus Brocadia fulgida). Microbial community profiling was performed using Illumina HiSeq sequencing targeting the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Both reactors successfully enriched the marine anammox species Candidatus Scalindua wagneri, accounting for 7% (FtBR 1) and 21% (FtBR 2) of the phylum Planctomycetota. In contrast, Candidatus Brocadia fulgida failed to survive under high salinity. Notably, Xanthomarina gelatinilytica emerged as the dominant genus in both systems, suggesting its important role in the hydrolysis and mineralization of organic nitrogen originating from shrimp aquaculture sludge. MAB were successfully identified and enriched despite their low relative abundance, suggesting potential interactions with co-occurring denitrifying communities. This study represents the first documented identification of MAB in Indonesia. These findings represent the first documented presence of MAB in Indonesia from aquaculture sludge. This work provides a foundation for developing localized, low-energy nitrogen removal technologies for sustainable shrimp aquaculture in coastal regions.
Biology and predatory potential of Eocanthecona furcellata on semi-looper, Chrysodeixis eriosoma in Sarangani, Mindanao Island, Philippines FEDENCIO V. PASLON JR; JASON A. PARLUCHA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261221

Abstract

Abstract. Paslon Jr FV, Parlucha JA. 2025. Biology and predatory potential of Eocanthecona furcellata on semi-looper, Chrysodeixis eriosoma in Sarangani, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 26: 6197-6204. Predatory bugs play an important role in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) by naturally regulating populations of agricultural insect pests. Their use promotes sustainable agriculture by enhancing biodiversity and minimizing environmental impact. This study documents the first recorded observation of a predatory stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata in Sarangani Province, Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines, collected from Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) fields. The life cycle and predatory potential of E. furcellata were assessed under laboratory conditions using the corn semi-looper, Chrysodeixis eriosoma as prey. The freshly laid eggs of E. furcellata were initially white, gradually turning light brown, and measured 1 mm in length and 0.89 mm in width. Eggs became dark red just before hatching, with an incubation period of six days. The nymphs progressed through five instars, completing their development in an average of 15.7±0.46 days. Adult female E. furcellata were larger and lived up to 36.8±1.81 days, while male adult E. furcellata had a shorter lifespan of up to 32.3±1.34 days. Predation rates varied significantly among developmental stages, with the fifth-instar nymphs exhibiting the highest predatory efficiency, consuming an average of 23.27 second-instar C. eriosoma larvae within 48 hours. The results indicate that C. eriosoma serves as a suitable alternative prey for mass-rearing E. furcellata. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of E. furcellata as an augmentative biological control agent for managing C. eriosoma populations in agricultural ecosystems.
Screening and characterization of thermostable α-amylase-producing microbes from Karedhe North Buton Hot Springs, Indonesia SARLAN SARLAN; RUGAIYAH A. ARFAH; ABDUL KARIM; ANITA ANITA; AHYAR AHMAD; PAULINA TABA; HARNINGSIH KARIM; SITI HALIMAH LAREKENG; DOROTHEA AGNES RAMPISELA; RUSDINA BTE LADJU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261248

Abstract

Abstract. Sarlan, Arfah RA, Karim A, Anita, Ahmad A, Taba P, Karim H, Larekeng SH, Rampisela DA, Ladju RB. 2025. Screening and characterization of thermostable α-amylase-producing microbes from Karedhe North Buton Hot Springs, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6513-6522. This study aimed to screen and characterize thermophilic α-amylase-producing bacteria from samples collected at Karedhe hot springs. A total of 23 bacterial isolates were obtained, where 8 isolates showed amylolytic activity. Amylase activity was assessed by iodine staining, which showed significant starch hydrolysis, indicated by clear zones around bacterial colonies. The results showed that isolate SRL40-1-3 had the largest clear zone (4 cm), while SRL40-2-1 produced a clear zone of 5.1 cm, indicating their potential for efficient starch degradation. Additionally, biochemical tests revealed distinct metabolic profiles, with only SRL40-1-3 able to use citrate as a carbon source. Specifically, isolates SRL40-1-3 and SRL40-2-1 were identified as Enterobacter sp. and Enterobacter hormaechei, respectively, based on molecular analysis. Further optimization studies showed that the optimal starch and CaCl2 concentrations for enzyme production were 1.25% and 0.12%, respectively, for SRL40-1-3. The optimum fermentation times were 42 h for SRL40-1-3 and 45 h for SRL40-2-1. In line with the results, the characterization of crude enzyme α-amylase showed that the optimum pH for both isolates was pH 6 at 50°C. Aside from pH, the optimum starch concentrations for crude enzyme in SRL40-1-3 and SRL40-2-1 were 0.015% and 0.01%, respectively. These results indicate that thermophilic bacteria from Karedhe hot springs have potential applications in industries requiring efficient starch degradation, such as bioethanol production and food processing.
Antibacterial diketopiperazines from marine sponge-associated Actinobacteria against multidrug-resistant bacteria AFINA LARASATI; SRI BUDIARTI; YULIN LESTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261245

Abstract

Abstract. Larasati A, Budiarti S, Lestari Y. 2025. Antibacterial diketopiperazines from marine sponge-associated Actinobacteria against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 26: 6480-6489. The global rise of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has created an urgent demand for new antibacterial agents. Marine actinomycetes, particularly those associated with marine sponges, are considered a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites. This study explored the antibacterial potential of 12 actinobacterial isolates obtained from the marine sponge Callyspongia sp., collected from the waters of Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Among these, the isolate Cal24h exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. Based on previous 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this isolate was identified as Streptomyces tendae. Optimization of its culture conditions significantly enhanced inhibition zones against four MDR bacterial strains: 18.57±0.08 mm for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K1.1, 19.70±0.09 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20.09±0.20 mm for Bacillus subtilis, and 20.54±0.31 mm for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of the ethyl acetate extract ranged from 62.5 to 125 µg/mL. Further analysis using GC-MS and LC-MS revealed the presence of diketopiperazine compounds, including Cyclo(Leu-Pro), Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), and Cyclo(Pro-Phe), all known for their antibacterial properties. Notably, this study is the first to report the use of a modified A1 medium to enhance antibacterial metabolite production in sponge-derived Streptomyces, representing a novel cultivation strategy. Cultivation in A1 medium yielded the highest extract quantity and exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity among all media tested. This study provides the first diketopiperazine production by S. tendae associated with the Indonesian sponge Callyspongia sp., thereby underscoring the untapped potential of sponge-derived actinobacteria as promising sources of antibacterial compounds against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Assessment of Cousinia mindshelkensis populations (Asteraceae) at the Karatau Ridge, South Kazakhstan AKERKE KENESBAY; ALFIYA KURMANTAYEVA; GULNARA SITPAYEVA; ALEXANDER SHMAKOV; ANASTASIA KOLTUNOVA; KANAT KULYMBET
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261219

Abstract

Abstract. Kenesbay A, Kurmantayeva A, Sitpayeva G, Shmakov A, Koltunova A, Kulymbet K. 2025. Assessment of Cousinia mindshelkensis populations (Asteraceae) at the Karatau Ridge, South Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 26: 6174-6187. Cousinia mindshelkensis is a narrow-localized endemic species, spread by small populations in the central part of the Karatau ridge, Western Tien Shan, and is included in the Kazakhstan Red Book. This study aimed to assess the current state of C. mindshelkensis populations in the Karatau range based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characters. Four populations (P1-P4) were investigated. Morphological data was analyzed based on test plots with 10-15 individuals from each population, while ecological analysis included habitat description. Molecular data based on iPBS and ITS markers were carried out using the STRUCTURE program, cluster and phylogenetic analysis. Morphological traits showed high variability. Plants from P1 and P2 were the smallest, P4 was characterized by intensive vegetative growth with reduced flowering, whereas P3 demonstrated the best reproductive performance. The highest density occurred in P1 and P2 of 4.1±0.9 and 1.6±0.79 individuals/m², respectively. Ecological analysis indicated that the species inhabits petrophytic, mixed-herbaceous-woody-shrubby, and herbaceous-shrubby communities. Genetic diversity assessed by 3 iPBS markers was an average of 61.2% with the highest presented by iPBS2373 of 87.5% polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis confirmed all samples belong to a single clade. These results highlight the necessity of continuous monitoring and justify the inclusion of C. mindshelkensis among priority targets for biodiversity conservation in the region.
Genetic polymorphism of Populus pruinosa and Populus euphratica in Kazakhstan based on ISSR markers DINARA AKHATAYEVA; MAKSIM KUTSEV; POLINA VESSELOVA; ZARINA INELOVA; BEKTEMIR OSMONALI; MENGTAY AITZHAN; YELENA ZAPARINA; LAURA SHADMANOVA; EMIL BOROS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261214

Abstract

Abstract. Akhatayeva D, Kutsev M, Vesselova P, Inelova Z, Osmonali B, Aitzhan M, Zaparina Y, Shadmanova L, Boros E. 2025. Genetic polymorphism of Populus pruinosa and Populus euphratica in Kazakhstan based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 26: 6120-6129. The genus Populus (Salicaceae) in Kazakhstan is represented by 13 species, although the exact number of species, including varieties and hybrids, has not been clearly established. Among them, Populus pruinosa and Populus euphratica are native species with rapidly declining population sizes and shrinking habitats. Comprehensive studies on their biology and genetic diversity in Kazakhstan have not reported so far. This study aimed to assess genetic diversity, compare patterns of differentiation, evaluate the relationship between genetic variation and ecological conditions in natural populations of both species. Genetic variability was assessed using the ISSR method, and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Samples from six natural populations in southern Kazakhstan (three populations of P. pruinosa and three of P. euphratica) showed distinct interspecific differentiation and variable genetic diversity. P. pruinosa populations had higher allelic diversity (h = 0.114-0.153) and expected heterozygosity (0.107-0.139) than P. euphratica (h = 0.041-0.085). Greater genetic diversity in P. pruinosa indicates stronger adaptive potential to arid environments. A moderate correlation was found between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.597). The findings highlight P. pruinosa superior ecological adaptability. Both species are recommended for targeted conservation and restoration of arid ecosystems in Kazakhstan.
Short Communication: Oviposition and chlorosis scoring for early screening of chili resistance to whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) TENGKU LAILA KAMALIAH; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; SOBIR SOBIR; AWANG MAHARIJAYA; PURNAMA HIDAYAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261238

Abstract

Abstract. Kamaliah TL, Syukur M, Maharijaya A, Hidayat P. 2025. Short Communication: Oviposition and chlorosis scoring for early screening of chili resistance to whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Biodiversitas 26: 6410-6416. Bemisia tabaci is a major pest of chili. The objective of this study was to establish a rapid screening technique for chili resistance, based on oviposition and chlorosis parameters. The research was conducted in the plastic houses of Sinar Alam Sari, Cibeureum, Bogor, Indonesia, from June to December 2021, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Eight chili genotypes (Capsicum annuum cv. Adelina, Anies, C12, Kencana, Laris, Landung, Ungara, and Yuni) were infested with four non-viruliferous whiteflies per leaf in a no-choice test. The number of eggs and early instar nymphs was counted on the 7th and 10th days, respectively, while chlorosis was scored on the 21st day after infestation. Results showed significant differences among genotypes. Landung and Yuni were the most susceptible, with the highest egg counts (52.83 and 51.17 per leaf), nymph counts (48.17 and 47.50), and severe chlorosis (score 3-4). Ungara was highly resistant, with the lowest egg (9.00) and nymph counts (4.83), and minimal chlorosis (score 1-2). A strong correlation was observed between high egg/nymph numbers and severe chlorosis, which was objectively validated by RGB image analysis showing a near-perfect negative correlation between chlorosis score and the NGRDI (-0.995). The study concludes that combining egg count and chlorosis scoring—supplemented by digital RGB/NGRDI validation—provides a novel, simple, efficient, and reliable method for the early screening of chili resistance to B. tabaci, offering an integrated method of breeding programs.
Agroforestry-based plant diversity and its implications for ecosystem restoration in Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia MASRIZAL SARAAN; RAHMAWATY RAHMAWATY; R. HAMDANI HARAHAP; ENDANG HILMI; DELVIAN DELVIAN; ROBERT SIBARANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261234

Abstract

Abstract. Saraan M, Rahmawaty, Harahap RH, Hilmi E, Delvian, Sibarani R. 2025. Agroforestry-based plant diversity and its implications for ecosystem restoration in Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6367-6377. The Indonesian government promoted conservation partnership schemes in Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) to resolve land-use conflicts while supporting ecosystem restoration and local livelihoods, where communities implement agroforestry that combines native species and Multi-Purpose Tree Species (MPTS). However, empirical evidence on plant diversity and vegetation composition within these systems remains limited. This study analyzes vegetation structure, species composition and plant diversity in conservation partnership areas and assess their contribution to ecosystem recovery, including provides recommendations for sustainable management. Vegetation surveys were conducted on 1-ha plots across three stations representing upper, middle, and lower areas. Species composition, dominance, and diversity were quantified using Importance Value, Shannon–Wiener and Margalef Species Richness Index. The upper area was dominated by native dipterocarps (Dryobalanops aromatica), while lower areas were characterized by cultivated MPTS (Parkia speciosa), reflecting trade-offs between natural regeneration and livelihood-oriented agroforestry practices. Species diversity ranged from moderate to high, with native species concentrated near rehabilitation zones and cultivated species in lower areas, which are intensively managed by communities. Overall, agroforestry within conservation partnership enhances biodiversity, supports ecological recovery, and strengthens livelihoods while offering scalable pathways for integrating restoration and biodiversity enhancement with community-based forest management. Strengthening native-species enrichment is recommended to balance ecological objectives with community needs and guide large-scale restoration policies.
Flowering phenology and floral yield of four cultivated Jasminum species in Indonesia PAWITRI ADHISTYANA MAYESTI; ANI KURNIAWATI; KRISANTINI KRISANTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261208

Abstract

Abstract. Mayesti PA, Kurniawati A, Krisantini. 2025. Flowering phenology and floral yield of four cultivated Jasminum species in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6047-6055. Jasmine is one of the most important flowers in Indonesia and Asia, used mainly for fresh flowers, flavoring ingredients, and can be processed into cosmetics and essential oils. Despite the rich diversity of Indonesian jasmines, there are limited studies on the growth and flowering of various jasmine types. Understanding the characteristics of each type is crucial as a foundational step for the development and commercialization of jasmine. This study examined the morphology, flower phenology, and production of four types of jasmine: Jasminum sambac “Telur”, a local Java jasmine, “Emprit Bandar Arum”, and Bintang (Jasminum multiflorum). The study was conducted in an open field in East Java, Indonesia, at an elevation of 348 m above sea level. Each type of jasmine consists of 50 plants. Observations and measurements were conducted on leaf and flower morphology, flower phenology, and production cycles. The four types of jasmine showed diversity in fragrance, leaf arrangement, number of flowers, flower arrangement, and productivity. The local jasmine has single corollas, whereas jasmine “Telur” has multiple. Jasminum sambac “Telur” has the most significant and heaviest flower (595 mg), but produces significantly fewer flowers. Jasminum multiflorum Bintang flower weighs 24 mg, but produces 11 flowers per plant. The local jasmine and Emprit Bandar Arum flowers fall within the mid-range, i.e., 49-62 mg flower weight, and produce 11-17 flowers per plant. The flowering phenology of the four jasmines spans 7-14 days, with flower bud appearance and development taking 8-10 days, followed by enlargement and swelling for 2-4 days before anthesis. Flowers at anthesis are the most fragrant in all four types of jasmine, with local Jasmine standing out in floral fragrance and production. This information would be useful for identifying different jasmine types, determining the best uses, and the commercial production of these four types of jasmines.
Fruit diversity and rarity in traditional markets of West Java, Indonesia ADLI LUTHFIR RAHMAN YUWANA; BUDI IRAWAN; BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR; JOHAN ISKANDAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261227

Abstract

Abstract. Yuwana ALR, Irawan B, Iskandar BS, Iskandar J. 2025. Fruit diversity and rarity in traditional markets of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6252-6272. Traditional markets play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, particularly for local fruit species and landraces. However, the growing dominance of imported fruits has increasingly threatened the diversity of local fruits, underscoring the need to understand their current status in traditional markets. This study investigated the diversity and rarity of fruit species and landraces sold in three traditional markets: Gedebage, Ujungberung, and Tanjungsari (West Java, Indonesia) and examined traders’ knowledge regarding fruit uses and perceived reasons for their rarity. Data were obtained through a census, interviews, and direct observations and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Jaccard similarity indices, and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices. A total of 170 fruit entities (including fruit species and distinct landraces) were recorded (including 128 local), represent 59 botanical species from 28 families. Among these, 25 fruits were classified as rare due to unfavourable attributes, limited cultivation, land-use changes, and the influx of commercial commodities. Fruits with the highest RFC value were Cucumis melo (0.517), Carica papaya “California” (0.482), Musa acuminata (0.465), Citrus x aurantium “Medan” (0.413), and Musa x paradisiaca “Raja Cere”, “Ambon Bodas”, and “Ambon Lumut” (0.379). The study highlights traditional markets as valuable biodiversity observatories, reflecting the persistence and decline of local fruit diversity in rural agroecosystems. Strengthening their role in biodiversity monitoring and conservation planning can provide an effective, community-based approach to safeguarding local genetic resources.

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