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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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The ecology of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae habitat in coastal areas of South Sulawesi, Indonesia ARINI RATNASARI; ARIF RAHMAN JABAL; NUR RAHMA; SRI NUR RAHMI; MILA KARMILA; Isra Wahid
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211025

Abstract

Abstract. Ratnasari A, Jabal AR, Rahma N, Rahmi SN, Karmila M, Wahid I, 2020. The ecology of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae habitat in coastal areas of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4648-4654. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are arbovirus vectors that can adapt to various environmental conditions. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution, habitat characteristics, and the correlation between the number of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae with physical factors. The larvae were collected from seven sampling locations along the coast of South Sulawesi at a distance of 100 m, 500 m, 1 km, and 2 km from the coastline. The collected samples and their water habitat were examined in the Entomology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The number of larvae was counted (3182 larvae of both kinds), and the pH and salinity of the water were measured. Data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS version 24 and spatial distribution of larvae was mapped with ArcGIS version 10.5. We found that the highest number of Ae. aegypti was at a distance of 100 m from the coastline (73.34%), while Ae. albopictus was at 500 m (34.14%). Most of the mosquitos laid their eggs on discarded boats as observed in the Kurri Caddi coast (31.2%). The observed ranges of pH, salinity, and temperature of larvae habitat were 5.5-6.4, 5-2 ppt, and 28-31°C, respectively. The total number of larvae had a significant correlation p<0.05 with the physical factors, i.e., distance from the coastline, water pH, temperature, and kind of water storages (containers). This study showed that physical factors in the coastal area significantly influenced the habitat characteristics and the abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae.
Fumigant and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Silvi Ikawati; Toto Himawan; Abdul Latief Abadi; Hagus Tarno
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210948

Abstract

Abstract. Ikawati S, Himawan T, Abadi AL, Tarno H. 2020. Fumigant and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae). Biodiversitas 21: 4301-4308. This study aimed to determine the fumigant and antifeedant activity of some plant essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus. Essential oils were extracted from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix), citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus), zodea (Euodia suaveolens), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum). The extraction used the maceration method with n-Hexane as a solvent. The results of the experiments showed that all essential oils have fumigant toxicity. Fumigant toxicity of kaffir lime, citronella grass, zodea, and clove oil; eggs and pupae were more susceptible than adults and larvae, while for cinnamon, pupae and adults were more susceptible than eggs and larvae. Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of all essential oils for eggs larvae, pupae, and adults respectively, for cinnamon were 17, 24, 9, and 12 ppm, for kaffir lime were 12, 17, 8 and 15 ppm, however, on citronella grass were 11, 22, 8, and 14 ppm, for zodea were 16, 22, 10 and 20 ppm, for clove were 11, 24, 7 and 14 ppm. The fifth essential oils showed antifeedant activity in a no-choice test against C. ferrugineus adults. Also, the fifth essential oils significantly reduced the relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), and food utilization (ECI) of C. ferrugineus adults. It shows that the essential oils have great potential as one of the storage pest control components.
Genetic variability of Indonesian landraces of Vigna subterranea: Morphological characteristics and molecular analysis using SSR markers MUHAMMAD FAUZAN FARID AL HAMDI; Asep Setiawan; Satriyas Ilyas; Wai Kuan Ho
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210902

Abstract

Abstract. Alhamdi MFF, Setiawan A, Ilyas S, Ho WK. 2020. Genetic variability of Indonesian landraces of Vigna subterranea: The morphological characteristics and molecular analysis using SSR markers. Biodiversitas 21: 3929-3937. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a potential grain, which can be considered as an alternative source of protein and carbohydrate. Due to unavailability of commercial bambara groundut cultivar in Indonesia, the characterization of bambara groundnut landraces is an important step before developing cultivar with traits of interest. The objective of the research was to access genetic variability of Indonesian landraces of bambara groundnut with different seed coat colors based on morphological and molecular markers. The experiment was arranged as split-plot in a complete randomized block design with the main plot was cultivation methods and the sub plot was landraces. There were differences in leaf shape and pod shape among the landraces. There were two main clusters of Indonesian landraces of bambara groundnut with 88.28% similarity. The first cluster was Cream, Brown Sumedang, Black Sumedang and Black Tasikmalaya, and the second cluster was Black Sukabumi, Brown Gresik, Black Madura, and Black Gresik. The result based on SSR marker with capillary electrophoresis indicated Black Gresik and Black Madura landraces were different from other Indonesian landraces.  Cream Sumedang or Brown Sumedang from the first cluster and Black Gresik or Brown Gresik from the second cluster have the farthest distances for developing improved variety of bambara groundnut.
Isolation of lupeol from Grewia lasiocarpa stem bark: Antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities Nneka Akwu; Yougasphree Naidoo; Moganavelli Singh; Sadashiva Channangihalli Thimmegowda; Nirasha Nundkumar; Johnson Lin
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211213

Abstract

Abstract. Akwu N, Naidoo Y, Singh M, Thimmegowda SC, Nundkumar N, Lin J. 2020. Isolation of lupeol from Grewia lasiocarpa stem bark: Antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities. Biodiversitas 21: 5684-5691. Lupeol a pentacyclic triterpenoid, was extracted from the stem bark of Grewia lasiocarpa. Stem bark was macerated with chloroform (CHCl3) at 25 ± 2°C, and then purified using a silica gel column. The mobile phase was hexane (100%) and hexane: ethyl acetate (80:20) as the mobile phase. The structure of lupeol was identified by 1HNMR, and 13C NMR spectral data, compared with reported data. The antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of lupeol were evaluated using agar-well diffusion against six clinic bacteria isolates, namely Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 314588), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14026) Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC BAA-1683). The antioxidants assays were performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Cytotoxicity activity was carried out by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was carried out against HEK293 (human embryonic kidney), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The concentration range of lupeol was 240-15 µg/mL. Lupeol at the concentration of 240 and 120 µg/mL have no antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC BAA-1683). The antioxidant activity was dose-dependent, while cytotoxic activities were observed in HEK293, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells. This study was the first report on the extraction, isolation, and biological activities of lupeol, from the stem bark of G. lasiocarpa.
Metabolic profiling and pathway analysis in red arillus of Salacca sumatrana demonstrate significant pyruvate, sulfur, and fatty acid metabolisms Miftahul Huda Fendiyanto; RIZKY DWI SATRIO; DIDI DARMADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210955

Abstract

Abstract. Fendiyanto MH, Satrio RD, Darmadi D. 2020. Metabolic profiling and pathway analysis in red arillus of Salacca sumatrana demonstrate significant pyruvate, sulfur, and fatty acid metabolisms. Biodiversitas 21: 4361-4368. Salak or snake fruit (Salacca Reinw.; Arecaceae) is a tropical fruit that has high biodiversity in a tropical country such as Indonesia. Several types of salak can be found in Indonesia, one of which is Salacca sumatrana (Becc.) Mogea. Research on profiling metabolites in S. sumatrana has not been conducted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the metabolite profile and pathway analysis in S. sumatrana, especially in red arillus tissue. This research was conducted by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the study of bioinformatics through metabolomics approaches. The results showed that red arillus had metabolites consisting of groups of fatty acids, esters, alcohols, xylene, phenols, etc.. Significant metabolites found were isobutyl acetate, palmitic acid, formic acid, 2-pentanoic acid, ethylic acid, n-hexadecoic acid, hydroxypentanoic acid, etc. There was a tendency that metabolite ethylic acid, identified as C00033 accession, was a key metabolite in either the pyruvate metabolism pathway or sulfur metabolisms with relatively high impact values. Pathway analysis using bioinformatics studies using MetaboAnalyst shows that four of ten pathways detected had a high log-ratio (p)/pathway impact, i.e., pyruvate metabolism, sulfur metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, pyruvate, sulfur, and fatty acid metabolisms are important pathways in the red arillus of S. sumatrana. This study can be used as a reference in early metabolomic studies on S. sumatrana using GC-MS and the metabolites identified as metabolite markers can be used for plant breeding and biologists to understand the metabolic mechanism of the red arillus tissues from S. sumatrana.
Stem borer insects on Hopea odorata in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia: Stem Borer Insects on Merawan NOOR FARIKHAH HANEDA; Mulia Furqon; Muhammad Suheri
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211135

Abstract

Abstract. Haneda NF, Furqan M, Suheri M. 2020. Stem borer insects on Hopea odorata in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5308-5316. Hopea odorata Roxb. locally known as “merawan”, is a dipterocarp species that has the potentials to be developed for plantation forestry. Nonetheless, anecdotal evidence in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, suggested that the trees suffered serious attacks caused by stem borer insects, causing defoliation of the crown and leading to stunted growth and death. This phenomenon suggests a more systematic investigation. The objectives of this research were: (i) to identify the species of stem borer which attacked H. odorata; (ii) to investigate the types and forms of the damage of H. odorata tree due to stem borer attack; and (iii) to study the effects of stem borer attack on the tree and wood of H. odorata. The results showed that all species of stem borer insects belong to Coleoptera, namely as Xyleborus perforans (Scolytidae), Xyleborinus perexiguus (Scolytidae), Platypus parallelus (Platypodidae), Belionota prasina (Buprestidae), Curculionid beetle, and Tenebrionid beetle. The number of boring holes on a single tree was 1932 holes, of which 98.6% caused by ambrosia beetles: Xyleborus perforans (1426 holes, 73.8%), Xyleborinus perexiguus (457 holes, 23.7%), and Platypus parallelus (21 holes, 1.1%). The length of boring tunnel at cross-section ranged between 2-35 cm and at longitudinal section ranged between 4-6 cm. The number of boring holes decreased along with the increasing height of tree stem. The patterns of boring tunnel at stem cross-section were branching (X. perforans, P. parallelus); encircled (X. perforans), black stains along their wall (X. perexiguus, X. perforans, P. parallelus).
Selection of stain fungi on rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) and its growth response against chitosan Ali Bin Abithalib Salman; LISDAR IDWAN SUDIRMAN; DODI NANDIKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211005

Abstract

Abstract. Salman ABA, Sudirman LI, Nandika D. 2020. Selection of stain fungi on rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) and its growth response against chitosan. Biodiversitas 21: 4501-4508. Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is one of the most important raw materials in furniture industry in South East Asian countries, particularly in Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. However, due to its susceptibility to stain fungi attack, wood preservative is needed to processing this material, which has both significant cost and environmental implications. A laboratory study was conducted to identify the seasoned rubberwood attacking stain fungi and to evaluate the bioactivity of chitosan in inhibiting the stain fungi’s growth. Isolation fungi from seasoned rubberwood were obtained firstly then selection isolates were conducted in the rubberwood test samples. Isolates with the highest percentage growth on wood test samples would identify based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Chitosan were prepared in four concentration 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% (w/v). Two isolates were showed the highest percentage growth on wood test samples after six weeks, which were 90.6% for isolate code I4 and 96.2% for II4 and both isolates gained scores 5. The two isolates were identified as Aspergillus foetidus for I4 and Aspergillus aflatoxiformans for II4. Aspergillus foetidus and A. aflatoxiformans would be the newly recorded species and this is the first report about species description from rubberwood in Indonesia. The inhibition rate was increased when chitosan concentration was increased from 0 to 2%. Chitosan concentration 2% inhibited the growth of A. foetidus in 20.28%, but there is no inhibition showed on A. aflatoxiformans. The addition of chitosan in medium can increase the growth of A. aflatoxiformans and forming clear zone around the colony.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Pinus halepensis from Algeria Messaoud Ramdani; RIMA HAICHOUR1; TAKIA LOGRADA; PIERRE CHALARD; GILLES FIGUEREDO4
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210954

Abstract

Abstract. Haichour R, Lograda T, Ramdani M, Chalard P, Figueredo G. 2020. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Pinus halepensis from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 4345-4360. The chemical composition of Pinus halepensis essential oils and their antibacterial activities were investigated. Plant samples were collected in the flowering stage from the East locality of Algeria. The aerial parts of P. halepensis obtained from fifteen localities were subjected to a hydro-distillation, providing pale yellow viscous oils. The obtained yield average was 0.64 ± 0.37%. The analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils was performed by using GC and GC / MS. A total of thirty-seven compounds representing 99.4 ± 0.5% of the total oils were identified in P. halepensis. The hydrocarbon compounds were found to dominate essential oils in P. halepensis. In addition, the major compounds were caryophyllene-E (29.06 ± 8.5%), myrcene (19.14 ± 6.67%), a-pinene (16.86 ± 3.35%), phenyl ethyl 3-methyl butanoate (5.67 ± 2.47%), a-humulene (4.81 ± 1.43%), terpinolene (3.94 ± 1.6%) and sabinene (3.11 ± 1.84%). Based on their chemical composition, essential oil samples were clustered in five groups by UPGMA analysis. The first group includes the Tafrent essential oil population. It is characterized by the phenyl ethyl-3-methyl butanoate – Sabinene ? ?3-carene chemotype. The second group was subdivided into two clusters. The first cluster or chemotype was characterized by the myrcene ? ?-pinene ? caryophyllene-E. The second chemotype was characterized by caryophyllene-E ? ?-humulene ? myrcene. The essential oil of P. halepensis is an effective antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus; Klebsiella pneumonia; Salmonella enteric spp arizonae; Listeria innocua; Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus cereus, and no effect on the E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Consortium of endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria effectively suppresses the population of Pratylenchus coffeae and promotes the growth of Robusta coffee Iis Nur Asyiah; Imam Mudakir; Mohammad Hoesain; Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana; Achmad Djunaidy; Riza Fahlevia Sari
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211032

Abstract

Abstract. Asyiah IN, Mudakir I, Hoesain M, Pradana AP, Djunaidy A, Sari RF. 2020. Consortium of endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria effectively suppresses the population of Pratylenchus coffeae and promotes the growth of Robusta coffee. Biodiversitas 21: 4702-4708. Pratylenchus coffeae as the coffee-parasitic nematode can cause a yield loss from 28.7% to 78.4% on Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora A. Froehner). Environmentally friendly and sustainable efforts can be made to control this nematode by applying the antagonistic agents from the bacterial group. The application of antagonistic agents in a consortium has a better effectivity than a single application. This study was aimed to identify the effectivity of the consortium of endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria formulated on a cost-effective molasse medium against the P. coffeae population and growth of Robusta coffee in a greenhouse. A total of nine bacterial isolates of genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas were used during experiment. The formulation was prepared by mixing the bacterial suspension and 2% molasses with a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The greenhouse assay was performed following the completely randomized block design pattern with five treatments and five replications. Robusta coffee plant clone BP 936 was treated with a 10 mL (109 CFU mL-1) bacterial consortium mixture while control was treated with 10 mL sterilized water. Each plant was inoculated with P. coffeae 50 J2 after a week of bacterial consortium application. The result showed that all bacterial consortiums were effective in suppressing the population of P. coffeae in soil and root of Robusta coffee. All consortiums gave a better result than control in suppressing the population of P. coffeae. The best suppression of nematodes was shown by the Cst 02 consortium with the suppression value of 62.5% in the root and 76.1% in the coffee plant rhizosphere. The application of bacterial consortium increases the plant height (28.02-44.51%), number of leaves (127.27-168.18%), and leaf area (278.8-425.57%). In this study, suppression of P. coffeae population by bacterial consortium showed a positive correlation with plant growth. This study presents the information of endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria consortium from Bacillus and Pseudomonas group that is effective in suppressing the population P. coffeae and improves the growth of Robusta coffee.
Molecular identification of bacteria isolated from culture medium of the gold-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada maxima larvae Stenly Wullur; HATOPAN NAPITUPULU; ELVY LIKE GINTING; NOLDY GUSTAF FRANS MAMANGKEY; LETHA LOUISIANAWANTANIA; RADOSLAV SMOLAK; ERICK OGELLO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211133

Abstract

Abstract. Wullur S, Napitupulu H, Wantania LL, Ginting EL, Mamangkey NGF, Smolak R, Ogello E. 2020. Molecular identification of bacteria isolated from culture medium of the gold-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada maxima larvae. Biodiversitas 21: 5291-5297.  This study was conducted for the molecular identification of bacteria species isolated from culture medium of the gold-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima larvae. The pearl oysters were cultured using live-microalgae (Isochrysis sp) and fish waste diet (FWD) as food sources.  Bacteria were isolated from the oyster larvae and identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The isolated bacteria were grown on agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. Representative colonies of the bacteria were selected and cultured for molecular analysis.  The 16S rRNA genes of the bacteria were amplified and the sequences were matched with the NCBI GenBank database. Seven different colonies were observed based on morphological characters. Similarity test by conducting the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) in the NCBI GenBank database, using the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the seven isolates colonies possess high similarity to five bacteria species i.e. Pseudomonas pachastrellae, Vibrio alginolyticus, Bacillus filamentosus, Bacillus cereus and Idiomarina fontislapidosi belonging to four different genera i.e. Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, and Alteromonas.

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