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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Impact of marine protected areas on economical important coral reef fish communities: An evaluation of the biological monitoring of coral reef fish in Anambas Islands, Indonesia RISANDI DWIRAMA PUTRA; RIKOH MANOGAR SIRINGIRINGO; Ani Suryanti; NI WAYAN PURNAMA SARI; MUIN SINAGA; NUNING VITA HIDAYATI; FRENSLY DAMIANUS HUKOM; MUHAMMAD ABRAR; PETRUS CHRISTIANUS MAKATIPU; RIDHO SIANTURI; YUWANDA ILHAM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221006

Abstract

Abstract. Putra RD, Siringiringo RM, Suryanti A, Sari NWP, Sinaga M, Hidayati NV, Hukom FD, Abrar M, Makatipu PC, Sianturi R, Ilham Y. 2021. Impact of marine protected areas on economical important coral reef fish communities: An evaluation of the biological monitoring of coral reef fish in Anambas Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4169-4181. The use of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is the core strategy to reduce the impact of the anthropogenic stressor on marine fisheries, especially in reducing the overexploitation of fisheries resources and destructive fishing in which this plays a significant role in the conservation of marine biodiversity and populations. We conducted a study over 4 years to evaluate and assess the impact of MPAs on economically important reef fish in the Anambas Islands. We compared density, size, biomass, and diversity indices from the seven families of coral reef fish (Acanthuridae, Haemulidae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Siganidae, and Serranidae) using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) with a total of 12 MPAs stations (70-m transect). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate and assess reserve protection on the coral reef fish, and several ecological indices were used to compare the potential change of economically coral reef fish diversity. We also measured the rate of change in coral cover to identify the effectiveness of the MPAs. After 4 years of studies, our result showed that there was an increase of economical reefs. Fish diversity, density, and biomass increased by 244%, 257%, and 179% respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of coral cover change among MPAs stations. Economical coral reef fish in Anambas Islands were restored in marine reserve overtimes after fisheries restriction protection, but this does not change the rate of coral cover through time. In addition, the government managed and increased community awareness that significantly influenced decreasing destructive fishing practices and overexploited reef fish species in Anambas Islands but no change in coral cover. The MPAs environmental condition and natural disturbance, including thermal stress and high sedimentation, play a key role in coral cover recovery besides fisheries restriction in the MPAs area.
The effect of crown pruning and induction of Acremonium sp. on agarwood formation in Gyrinops caudata in West Papua, Indonesia Amilda Auri; ENY FARIDAH; SUMARDI SUMARDI; SURYO HARDIWINOTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220707

Abstract

Abstract. Auri A, Faridah E, Sumardi, Hardiwinoto S. 2021. The effect of crown pruning and induction of Acremonium sp. on agarwood formation in Gyrinops caudata in West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2604-2611. Agarwood-producing trees have been planted by the community, but have currently not produced agarwood resin. This research examines the crown pruning effect and fungi inoculation effectivity on the formation of agarwood resin in Gyrinops caudata. The environmental modification was also ascertained based on the real environmental situation in natural forests. Furthermore, it was assumed that environmental conditions significantly influenced the growth, G. caudata tree association, and fungi infection. This method involved the tree crown cover modification. Tree crown was categorized into three different classes, i.e. dense crown (no pruning); moderate (pruning 25%), and sparse (pruning 50%). The results showed that inoculating fungi of Acremonium sp. to infection coverage area after three months produced the best results, due to Fcount 79.671. However, crown prunings obtained through heavy, moderate and non-pruning did not show any effect on stem infection spread. In the sixth month, it was observed that the fungi inoculation factor of Acremonium sp. had a significant effect on infection spread formation by Fcount of 168.894. The change in wood internal tissue also had a highly significant effect as depicted by Fcount 461.516. The fragrance level treatment also showed a considerable effect with Fcount 290.385.
Apple trees as a possible monitor and phytoremediator of urban and industrial areas in Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation TATYANA G. KRUPNOVA; NATALIA L. NAUMOVA; OLGA V. RAKOVA; OLGA M. BURMISTROVA; EVGENY A. BURMISTROV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220732

Abstract

Abstract. Krupnova TG, Naumova NL, Rakova OV, Burmistrova OM, Burmistrov EA. 2021. Apple trees as a possible monitor and phytoremediator of urban and industrial areas in Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation. Biodiversitas 22: 2824-2828. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown fruit crops in the South Ural region. This study examines the suitability of apple trees for biomonitoring and phytoremediation. We collected the leaves and fruits of the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees and the surrounding soil from three areas in Chelyabinsk, a typical Russian industrial city. The leaves, fruits and soils were analyzed for metal(loid) content (As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, and Zn). The results were obtained using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). We found a response in the apple tree defense system to the action of heavy metals in the synthesis of biologically active substances. The data gave information about the environmental state of soils collected in the zones of influence of metallurgical industrial enterprises. However, the trees did not assimilate or tolerate high concentrations of metal(loid)s in the leaves and they cannot be recommended for phytoremediation.
Cellulolytic and mannanolytic aerobic bacteria isolated from Buffalo rumen (Bubalus babalis) and its potency to degrade fiber in palm kernel meal Siti Lusi Arum Sari; Triyanto Triyanto; Zuprizal Zuprizal; Irfan Dwidya Prijambada
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220733

Abstract

Abstract. Sari SLA, Triyanto T, Zuprifal Z, Prijambada ID. 2021. Cellulolytic and mannanolytic aerobic bacteria isolated from Buffalo rumen (Bubalus babalis) and its potency to degrade fiber in palm kernel meal. Biodiversitas 22: 2829-2837. Palm kernel meal (PKM) is potential to be used as feed, but its high fiber content causes PKM meal difficult to be digested by monogastric animals. Ruminants are especially effective in digesting plant fibers because of the presence of microbes in their rumens. Based on those facts, this research was conducted to obtain mannanolytic and cellulolytic bacteria from buffalo rumens (Bubalus babalis, Linnaeus, 1758), which can degrade fibers in PKM. Bacteria were isolated from buffalo rumen by using PKM- isolation media. Screening of hydrolytic activities was done based on clear zone formation on screening media. A total of five bacterial isolates with the highest hydrolytic activities were then assayed quantitatively for their abilities to degrade mannan and cellulose, then identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. This research successfully isolated 34 bacterial isolates. The screening result demonstrated that all isolates could hydrolyze mannan, cellulose and polysaccharide in PKM. Isolate BR25 showed the highest hydrolytic ability on PKM and mannan screening media with clear zone diameter/colony diameter ratio (dz/dc ratio) of 2.99 and 3.53, respectively.  Isolate BR31 showed the highest cellulolytic ability with dz/dc ratio value of 2.22. Five isolates with the highest hydrolytic activity, i.e. BR14, BR16, BR23, BR25, and BR30 showed the ability to grow on submerged media which contain locust bean gum (LBG) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) respectively, as single carbon source and isolate BR25 showed the highest ability to degrade mannan and cellulose. Based on the gene sequence of 16S rRNA, isolates BR14, BR16, BR23, BR25, and BR30 were identified to be closely related to Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Acinetobacter baumannii with 98.57-100% level of similarity.
Co-infection with Trichodina (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) and Aeromonas caviae synergistically changes the hematology and histopathology of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer Sufardin Sufardin; Sriwulan Sriwulan; Hilal Anshary
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220834

Abstract

Abstract. Sufardin, Sriwulan, Anshary H. 2021. Co-infection with Trichodina (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) and Aeromonas caviae synergistically changes the hematology and histopathology of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer. Biodiversitas 22: 3371-3382. Consequential interaction contributed by parasitic and bacterial infections in fish has received little attention and impact of co-infection is mostly undescribed. This study identifies and describes notable damage arising from the co-infection of Trichodina and Aeromonas caviae infecting the seabass Lates calcarifer. A completely randomized experiment was performed with 4 infection treatments (healthy fish; fish naturally infected with Trichodina sp.; healthy fish injected with A. caviae; fish naturally infected with Trichodina sp. and injected with A. caviae) and 3 replicates. Fish were obtained from the Takalar Brackish Aquaculture Institute, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The data were statistically tested using linear regression analysis. The results showed bacterial pathogenicity, lymphocyte percentage, and histopathological quantification were statistically different (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, the percentages of monocytes and neutrophils were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between treatments. The non-infected fish showed no cell inflammation and necrosis, very little hemorrhage (liver and gills), negligible hemorrhage and melano-macrophages (kidney). Kidneys and liver were the most damaged organs of co-infected fish, with a large number of inflammatory cells, hemorrhages, vacuoles, melano-macrophages, scar tissue, inflammation and necrosis. Infection with Trichodina sp. presented less damage than the co-infection of A. caviae and Trichodina sp. In conclusion, single infection showed a mild pathological impact, meanwhile, the co-infection of Trichodina sp and A. caviae contribute significantly to fish’s health.
Sustaining angiosperms’ diversity of Bood Promontory and Eco-Park, Butuan City, Philippines: Step towards a community based-protection management program Julie Berame; MINIE L. BULAY; RISSA M. MERCADO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220662

Abstract

Abstract. Berame JS, Bulay ML, Mercado RM. 2021. Sustaining angiosperms’ diversity of Bood Promontory and Eco-Park, Butuan City, Philippines: Step towards a community based-protection management program. Biodiversitas 22: 2519-2527. Bood Promontory and Eco-Park (Butuan City, Philippines) is a non-protected 72-hectare agroforestry land, disputed by two barangays. Its existence is rich historically, but the presence of important plant species, the angiosperms, attracted people which caused their number declining recently. Therefore, this study explored the flora using a line transect method through random sampling to provide valuable inputs necessary to back up the promulgation for a community based-protection management program in the area. Results found that 291 angiosperms accounted for 11 tree species, 4 herbs, 1 shrub, and 5 unnamed species. Trees made up 75% of the area, dominated by Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla, King), and 50% of plant species are unassessed. Yakal, Philippine Teak, Antipolo, Narra, Mahogany, and Molave are in the IUCN Redlist for critically endangered and vulnerable statuses commonly used for construction materials, boat making, furniture, carvings, plywood, and firewood, putting them into peril and destruction if left unprotected. There were no recognized organizations, yet partial participation of the barangay council in forest protection and monitoring management can help angiosperms sustaining their existence. The City Tourism and DENR have to accelerate the claim for protecting the area and implement fully functional participation of locals to sustain and protect the vulnerability of angiosperm species.
Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia I WAYAN Supartha; I WAYAN SUSILA; ANAK AGUNG AYU AGUNG SRI SUNARI; I. G. FEBRI MAHAPUTRA; I KADEK WISMA YUDHA; PUTU ANGGA WIRADANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220645

Abstract

Abstract. Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sunari AAAAS, Mahaputra IGF, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA. 2021. Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3378-3387. The Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive crop pest native to North and South America which has now been reported to have spread to Indonesia. This study aims to ensure the attack and spread of invasive pests FAW on corn crops in Bali. In addition, it also studied population structure, age structure, and percentage of attacks on maize crops in high altitude areas in Bali, Indonesia. The research was conducted using survey methods. A sampling of plants is carried out in all districts and cities in the Province of Bali by diagonal sampling. The sample unit size is 5 m × 5 m with the number of plants observed being 150 plants. The score of plant damage at the age of 4 weeks after planting (WAP) plants has a "very heavy" attack intensity value. Areas of upper leaves or young leaves most affected by S. frugiperda attack in the field. The results showed that pest FAW has been entering and attacking maize crops in Bali since January 2020 as the first report. At the beginning of the entry was only found in some lowland locations, especially in Tabanan and Jembrana regency, but within the next 4 months, it has spread evenly in all districts and cities in Bali province. Adults populations and egg groups of FAW were found to peak by the time the corn crop was 2 weeks old after planting while the larval population reached its peak by the time the plant was 4 WAP The highest percentage of FAW attacks is in altitude areas below 250 meters above sea level (masl) with an average attack per observation plot of 47.84%. This research is the first to report on FAW attacks on maize crops in Bali Province since January 2020 and adds to our knowledge of FAW pests on maize crops in Bali Province.
The growth, aboveground biomass, crown development, and leaf characteristics of three Eucalyptus species at initial stage of planting in Jepara, Indonesia PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA; Syamsu Alam; Jeriels Matatula; Moehar Marghiy Harahap; Yusanto Nugroho; Fahmi Idris; Alnus Meinata; Dewa Ayu Sekar
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220550

Abstract

Abstract. Wirabuana PYAP, Alam S, Matatula J, Harahap MM, Nugroho Y, Idris F, Meinata A, Sekar DA. 2021. The growth, aboveground biomass, crown development, and leaf characteristics of three Eucalyptus species at initial stage of planting in Jepara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2859-2869. Industry development, climate change mitigation and renewable energy currently become the most essential challenge in tropical forest management, primarily in Indonesia. The existence of tropical forests is not only managed to maintain the stability of wood supply for commercial industries but also to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere and to generate energy alternatives from tree biomass. To answer this challenge, the development of fast-growing species like eucalyptus can become a good solution. However, the productivity of eucalyptus depends on its adaptability to the site condition. Therefore, understanding site-species interaction becomes the fundamental requirement before planted on a large scale. This study aimed to evaluate the initial performance of eucalyptus species developed in Jepara. An experiment consisted of three different eucalyptus species, i.e., E. alba, E. pellita, and E. urophylla, was established using a randomized complete block design. Sixteen parameters were selected to assess the eucalyptus performance, including survival, height, diameter, biomass accumulation (stem, branches, foliage, and total aboveground), crown length, crown radius, crown projection area, crown ratio, individual leaf area, individual leaf dry weight, specific leaf area, leaf mass area, and leaf area index. The comparison of the mean of tree attributes from each species was examined using ANOVA, followed by HSD Tukey. Results showed that all measured parameters indicated a significant difference among the three species (p<0.05), except for survival, foliage biomass, and crown ratio (p>0.05). The preliminary performance of E. pellita was relatively better than the other two species, mainly related to height (3.00±0.21 m), total aboveground biomass (49.86±3.60 kg ha-1), crown projection area (2.68±0.27 m2 ), and leaf area index (5.76±0.44). Our study concluded the initial performance of E. pellita in Jepara was substantially superior to E. alba and E. urophylla. Nevertheless, continuous evaluation is needed to monitor the consistent performance of those species in the study area.
Quantitative ethnobotanical study of medicinal flora used by local inhabitants in selected Barangay of Malinao, Albay, Philippines TERESA HAIDE BELGICA; Marlon Suba; Grecebio Jonathan Alejandro
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220720

Abstract

Abstract. Belgica THR, Suba MD, Alejandro CJD. 2021. Quantitative ethnobotanical study of medicinal flora used by local inhabitants in selected Barangay of Malinao, Albay, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 2711-2721. study identified and documented herbal medicines used in traditional therapies of local inhabitants in Malinao Albay. Ethnobotanical documentation in this study was through field observation, unstructured interviews, group discussions, and guided field walks. Preference ranking, use-value, informant consensus factor, and fidelity level were quantified. Based on the survey, 74 medicinal plants from 38 families and 72 genera were identified by 350 local inhabitants with therapeutic purposes using quantitative ethnobotanical indices. The plant species belonging to Lamiaceae were best represented with eight species, followed by Compositae with six species and Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, and Moraceae with four species each. While the plant species, i.e., Senna alata (L.) Roxb and Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, were recorded with the highest Fidelity level (FL). In terms of Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Justicia gendarussa Burm.f, Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers and Centella abbreviata (A. Rich.) Nannf were recorded with the highest values. Moreover, the plant with the highest Use Value (UV) was Moringa oleifera Lam, and the leaves were the most used part as a decoction to cure different illnesses. This study provides baseline data of plant diversity in Malinao Albay and their medicinal uses, which could be used as a basis for drug discovery to improve the utilization of herbal plants from global perspectives.
Arboreal arthropod assemblages in chili pepper with different mulches and pest managements in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia Siti Herlinda; Titi Tricahyati; Chandra Irsan; Tili Karenina; Hasbi HASBI; Suparman SUPARMAN; Benyamin Lakitan; Erise Anggraini; Arsi arsi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220608

Abstract

Abstract. Herlinda S, Tricahyati T, Irsan C, Karenina T, Hasbi, Suparman, Lakitan B, Anggraini E, Arsi. 2021. Arboreal arthropod assemblages in chili pepper with different mulches and pest managements in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3057-3066. In the center of freshwater swamps in South Sumatra, three different chili cultivation practices are generally found, namely differences in mulch and pest management that can affect arthropod assemblages. The effect of mulches and pest management on arboreal arthropod assemblages specific to chili production centers in the freshwater swamps of South Sumatra has never been investigated. This study aimed to observe arboreal arthropod assemblages in chili with different mulches and pest management. Arboreal arthropods were sampled using sweep nets in three locations with plots treated with leaf litter mulch and bioinsecticide, plastic mulch and synthetic insecticide, and weedy plot without mulch with synthetic insecticide. The species number of arboreal arthropods found was 28 species of Arachnids and 23 species of Insects, and consisting of 6 families of the Arachnids and 25 families of Insects. The abundance of arboreal arthropods was 65.60 individuals/5 nets per observation. In the chili field without mulch but with the insecticide, the species biodiversity and abundance of arboreal predatory arthropods were the highest. In contrast, in the chili field, that applied with synthetic insecticides and plastic mulch, the abundance of arboreal predatory arthropods was the lowest. The herbivorous insect populations in chili with plastic mulch and synthetic insecticides and the chili with the leaf litter mulch were higher than those in the chili without mulch. In the chili with the leaf litter mulch and bioinsecticide, the species number and abundance of the spiders were the highest compared to the other chili fields. The weedy chili field without mulch and chili with the leaf litter mulch has proved ideal habitats for the arboreal predatory arthropods.

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