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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Diversity of freshwater fish in Jabodetabek (rivers and lakes), Indonesia NOER SARIFAH AINY; LUTHFIRALDA SJAHFIRDI; MUFTI PATRIA PETALA; HARINALDI HARINALDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270518

Abstract

Abstract. Ainy NS, Sjahfirdi L, Petala MP, Harinaldi. 2026. Diversity of freshwater fish in Jabodetabek (rivers and lakes), Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270518. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270518. In the Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi) metropolitan area of Indonesia, this study assessed the structure of freshwater fish communities in interconnected river and lake ecosystems. The focus was on diversity, native-alien composition, and spatial homogenization along upstream-downstream river gradients and inlet-outlet lake zonation. From August to December 2024, fish were collected from three rivers (Ciliwung, Cisadane, and Cileungsi) and three lakes (Tonjong, Tunggilis, and Suradita) using standardized plots and various types of fishing gear. The data were then analyzed for species richness, abundance, diversity, dominance, PERMANOVA, and beta dispersion. Rivers had more species (38) and individuals (2,471) than lakes (27 species and 1,375 individuals), but they also had a higher proportion of alien fish (64.90%) than lakes (50.20%). Oreochromis niloticus and Pterygoplichthys pardalis were the dominant invasive species in rivers, especially in the middle and downstream sections. Oreochromis niloticus and Amphilophus labiatus were the dominant invasive species in lakes, particularly in inlet zones and disturbed areas. Lakes showed more pronounced cross-zone biotic homogenization, whereas rivers exhibited higher spatial turnover. However, some degraded areas also showed signs of homogenization. The findings suggest that biological invasions are reducing the complexity of Jabodetabek’s freshwater ecosystems and pushing native species into less disturbed habitats. To reduce the risk of reinvasion and protect freshwater biodiversity, management should focus on controlling the most widespread invasive species, preventing new introductions, restoring habitats, and protecting existing native fish refuges.
Ecological status of sea cucumber resources across depth strata in Kapadiri Village, Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua, Indonesia NENENG SUARNO KALIDI; SALIYADI SALIYADI; ELLEN LOUPATTY; GULAM ARAFAT; NEVI AITEM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261247

Abstract

Abstract. Kalidi NS, Saliyadi, Loupatty E, Arafat G, Aitem N. 2025. Ecological status of sea cucumber resources across depth strata in Kapadiri Village, Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6502-6512. This study presents the first quantitative ecological assessment of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) populations in the waters of Kapadiri Village, Raja Ampat, Indonesia, a coastal area subjected to long-term harvesting without formal management regulations. The study aimed to analyze species composition, community structure, and population density across two depth strata in order to characterize the current ecological condition of sea cucumber resources. Field surveys were conducted at five stations representing seagrass, coral reef, and sandy habitats at depths of <5 m and >5 m. Quadrat transects (60 m²) were applied in shallow areas, while belt transects (200 m²) were used in deeper zones. Nine sea cucumber species were recorded, with Holothuria edulis, H. atra, and H. scabra being the most abundant. Population densities ranged from 0.083-0.167 ind/m² in shallow waters and 0.105-0.230 ind/m² at depths >5 m. Community indices indicated moderate diversity, high evenness, and low dominance, reflecting a relatively balanced community at low overall abundance. A quasi-Poisson generalized linear model showed that depth and station significantly influenced density variation, whereas their interaction was not significant, indicating a consistent depth-related pattern across stations. Measured environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were within tolerance ranges reported for tropical sea cucumbers, suggesting that habitat conditions remain environmentally suitable. However, the consistently low population densities observed across all stations indicate that sea cucumber stocks are likely under pressure, inferred from density patterns and comparisons with regional studies. These findings underscore the need for strengthened community-based management, including adaptive harvesting regulations and targeted habitat protection, to support the recovery and long-term sustainability of sea cucumber populations in Kapadiri Waters.
Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) population, damage, and parasitoids in South Sumatra brassica crops, Indonesia SITI HERLINDA; MUHAMMAD ALFI SYAHRU RAMADHAN; WEI HONG LAU; DELLANIA EKA RINDIANI; CHANDRA IRSAN; ERISE ANGGRAINI; JELLY MILINIA PUSPITA SARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261218

Abstract

Abstract. Herlinda S, Ramadhan MAS, Lau WH, Rindiani DE, Irsan C, Anggraini E, Sari JMP. 2025. Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) population, damage, and parasitoids in South Sumatra brassica crops, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6162-6173. Plutella xylostella, diamondback moth can cause up to 100% damage to brassica crops. This study evaluated the presence and performance of P. xylostella egg and larval parasitoids, analyzed parasitoid species diversity, and assessed pest populations and associated crop damage. Surveys were conducted in lowland and highland areas across five districts/cities (Lahat City, Pagaralam City, Muara Enim District, Ogan Ilir District, and Banyuasin District), encompassing 13 villages in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Four parasitoid species were identified: Trichogramma sp., Tetrastichus howardi, Diadegma semiclausum, and Cotesia plutellae. Egg parasitism was significantly higher during the vegetative stage (48.09%) compared to the generative stage (33.59%) (P=0.0054). Similarly, larval parasitism was greater in the vegetative stage (44.35%) than in the generative stage (21.90%) (P=0.00013). The highest larval damage occurred in the highlands, particularly Dempo Skyline Village, Pagaralam City (92.10%). The greatest egg population density was observed in Gn. Agung (72.00 eggs per 100 plants), while larval density ranged from 3.33 to 13.00 larvae per 100 plants. Parasitoid species occurred across sites, while P. xylostella infestation and feeding damage varied with location. Therefore, strategies to enhance parasitoid effectiveness through conservation and augmentation are necessary to reduce pest populations and protect brassica crops.
Agrobiodiversity and local wisdom of indigenous communities in food security in Eastern Priangan, West Java, Indonesia ABDUL MUTOLIB; RIANTIN HIKMAH WIDI; CANDRA NURAINI; ALI RAHMAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270318

Abstract

Abstract. Mutolib A, Widi RH, Nuraini C, Rahmat A. 2026. Agrobiodiversity and local wisdom of indigenous communities in food security in Eastern Priangan, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270318. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270318. Food security remains a persistent global challenge, shaped by population growth, climate change, and increasing pressure on natural resources. In Indonesia, despite exceptional biological and cultural diversity, food systems are increasingly threatened by land conversion, environmental degradation, and dietary homogenization. This study investigates how agrobiodiversity, traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), and social capital contribute to strengthening household food security in Kampung Naga, an indigenous Sundanese community in Eastern Priangan, West Java, Indonesia. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating biodiversity inventories, thematic analysis of interviews and participant observations, and a social capital survey involving 50 household respondents. Agrobiodiversity was assessed through species identification across major food categories, while social capital was measured using five dimensions—trust, social networks, social norms, participation, and reciprocity—on a four-point Likert scale. Results show that the community maintains a high diversity of food plant species, including tubers and staple foods, fruits, spices and seasonings, leafy and green vegetables, and vegetables and legumes, which enhance dietary diversity, nutritional adequacy, and livelihood resilience. Traditional ecological knowledge informs sustainable agricultural practices such as intercropping, crop rotation, and food preservation, while ritualized expressions of gratitude embed agriculture within cultural and spiritual values. Household and communal food barns further strengthen food stability and collective risk management. Social capital analysis revealed relatively high mean scores for trust (3.40) and social networks (3.45) on a 1-4 scale, indicating strong interpersonal reliability, dense social ties, and effective cooperation in food-related activities. Together, agrobiodiversity and social capital synergistically reinforce the four dimensions of food security-availability, access, utilization, and stability-forming an integrated, resilient, and socially embedded food system. These findings highlight the enduring relevance of indigenous knowledge and institutions in sustaining food security and suggest that strengthening social capital can serve as a strategic policy entry point for designing inclusive, community-based food security interventions in Indonesia and comparable socioecological contexts.
Exon 10 polymorphism of the GHR|CviAII gene and its association with growth traits in Bali cattle TAPAUL ROZI; MASKUR MASKUR; NI PUTU SARINI; WAYAN SUARDANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261207

Abstract

Abstract. Rozi T, Maskur, Sarini NP, Suardana W. 2025. Exon 10 polymorphism of the GHR|CviAII gene and its association with growth traits in Bali cattle. Biodiversitas 26: 6039-6046. Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are an important local genetic resource that supports beef production in eastern Indonesia, particularly under smallholder communal breeding systems on Lombok Island. Growth traits in this breed are influenced by both management practices and variation in candidate genes such as the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR). This study aimed to identify exon 10 polymorphisms of the GHR gene using the CviAII restriction enzyme and to analyze their relationship with major growth traits in Bali cattle. A total of 203 animals, consisting of 106 males and 97 females, were evaluated using Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and the General Linear Model (GLM). Sequencing detecteded a new synonymous mutation, g.1777T>C, which produced two genotypes, CT and TT, with no CC genotype detected. The T allele showed a higher frequency in both sexes, and observed heterozygosity was higher than expected, indicating heterozygote excess under group-based breeding and sire rotation. Association analysis showed that the CT genotype was linked to superior growth performance compared with TT. In males, CT individuals had a birth weight of 17.22±1.17 kg and a yearling weight of 142.18±6.57 kg, compared with 16.56±1.18 kg and 133.96±5.82 kg for TT. In females, CT individuals had a birth weight of 15.71±0.82 kg and a yearling weight of 133.87±6.18 kg, compared with 15.06±1.10 kg and 126.89±5.26 kg for TT. Weaning weight did not differ among genotypes, suggesting a stronger influence of maternal and management factors. The polymorphic information content indicated moderate informativeness and the need for further validation. These results support the potential of the GHR|CviAII locus as a complementary molecular marker for growth-based selection in Bali cattle.
Nematode diversity in rice fields of Java, Indonesia FITRIANINGRUM KURNIAWATI; SUPRAMANA SUPRAMANA; R. YAYI MUNARA KUSUMAH; DHIVA SYAFA QUAMILLA; SOBIKHIN SOBIKHIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261228

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniawati F, Supramana, Kusumah RYM, Quamilla DS, Sobikhin. 2025. Nematode diversity in rice fields of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6273-6284. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple crop in Indonesia; however, its productivity is constrained by plant-parasitic nematodes that cause substantial yield losses. This study investigates the diversity and abundance of nematodes in soil and rice roots across Java Island. Soil and root samples were purposively selected based on symptoms of nematode infection, and nematodes were extracted and identified morphologically. Ecological indicators, including Maturity Index family and diversity metrics (H’, E, D), were quantified to evaluate food web structure and soil ecosystem conditions using Microsoft Excel and the NINJA platform. Plant-parasitic nematodes were widely distributed, with Hirschmanniella and Meloidogyne dominating the assemblage, reflecting strong herbivory pressure in flooded rice systems. Free-living nematodes were predominantly bacterivores, indicating a bacterial-driven decomposition pathway typical of anaerobic paddy soils. Maturity Index (MI) values (2.65-3.07) suggested moderate and relatively uniform disturbance across regions, although ΣMI varied significantly, with higher values in Bogor and Malang indicating more mature soil food webs. Diversity indices showed that Malang and Sukabumi exhibited the highest ecological stability, whereas Banten and Bojonegoro displayed low diversity and high dominance, characteristic of stressed environments. The consistently high Enrichment Index (EI) and Structure Index (SI) values indicated active nutrient cycling and resilient trophic structures. Overall, Java’s rice ecosystems experience moderate disturbance yet maintain functionally robust nematode communities, underscoring the need for region-specific management, particularly in high-Plant Parasitic Index (PPI) areas, to improve soil health and mitigate nematode-associated yield losses.
Soil invertebrates in an Ultisol soybean agroecosystem amended with urea-enriched cogongrass biochar prepared with Sargassum extract LAODE MUHAMMAD HARJONI KILOWASID; AL’ADLIN AL’ADLIN; SYAMSU ALAM; TRESJIA CORINA RAKIAN; NINI MILA RAHNI; ROBIATUL ADAWIYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270116

Abstract

Abstract. Kilowasid LMH, Al’adlin, Alam S, Rakian TC, Rahni NM, Adawiyah R. 2026. Soil invertebrates in an Ultisol soybean agroecosystem amended with urea-enriched cogongrass biochar prepared with Sargassum extract. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270116. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270116. Soil invertebrates are widely used as bioindicators to assess changes in ecological functioning under different management practices. However, information on the influence of enriched biochar amendments on the community of invertebrates in tropical Ultisol remains limited, particularly in the context of reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizer through organic-based management. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) biochar doses and urea concentrations dissolved in Sargassum seaweed extract on the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates in an Ultisol-based soybean agroecosystem. A split-plot experiment was conducted using three biochar doses (0, 5, and 10 t ha⁻¹) and four urea solution concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20%) as main plots and subplots, respectively. Soil-surface invertebrates were collected using pitfall traps, while soil-living invertebrates were sampled through hand-sorting and monolith methods, and identified at the family level. The results showed that biochar and urea amendments significantly restructured the community of soil invertebrates, with contrasting responses between soil-surface and soil-living groups. Biochar dose primarily influenced surface-active invertebrates, and urea concentration affected specific soil-living taxa, with interaction effects observed for selected functional groups. Higher biochar doses increased community diversity, as reflected by higher Shannon-Wiener and lower Simpson indices, while moderate urea concentrations supported the highest taxon richness. Optimized biochar-urea combinations enhanced the abundance of predatory invertebrates, particularly ants (Formicidae), without reducing overall taxonomic diversity. These findings show that urea-enriched cogongrass biochar prepared with Sargassum extract can improve soil ecological functioning through beneficial restructuring of the community of invertebrates, supporting its potential role in sustainable nutrient management and biodiversity-based restoration of degraded tropical Ultisol agroecosystem.
Drone-assisted augmentation of the parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi for cassava mealybug control in Indonesia MUHAMMAD ALIMUN WASIK; DEWI SARTIAMI; ALI NURMANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261241

Abstract

Abstract. Wasik MA, Sartiami D, Nurmansyah A. 2025. Drone-assisted augmentation of the parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi for cassava mealybug control in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6437-6446. The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, is an invasive pest that causes severe damage and economic loss in cassava production in Indonesia. Biological control using the parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi to manage P. manihoti has proven effective; however, its manual releases remain constrained by time, labor, and cost. This study evaluated the effectiveness and operational efficiency of A. lopezi augmentation using drone-assisted and manual release techniques in cassava fields. Effectiveness was measured by the parasitism rate of A. lopezi on P. manihoti, while efficiency was assessed through cost and time analyses. The augmentation treatment significantly increased the parasitism rate (F = 1955.78; df = 2,11; p<0.001). Parasitism rates under both release techniques were 47.18±0.92% for drones and 46.87±1.04% for manual release, compared with 16.11±0.59% in the control plots. The comparable parasitism rates achieved by drone-assisted and manual releases indicate that drone deployment maintains comparable biological effectiveness to manual augmentation. Moreover, drone application requires only 25 minutes per hectare, compared to 200 minutes per hectare manually. Although the initial cost of drone use was higher at small operational scales, economic analysis indicated a break-even point at approximately 25 ha. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of drone-assisted parasitoid deployment as an operationally efficient approach for large-scale biological control of P. manihoti. This contribution strengthens area-wide Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs by enabling synchronized parasitoid augmentation while also supporting the broader development of smart-agriculture technologies for cassava-based farming systems.
Lactic acid bacteria’s isolation and probiotic properties from "Nem chua", traditional fermented pork NGUYEN TRUNG TRUC; QUACH VAN CAO THI; DINH THI KIM NHUNG; TRAN QUANG MINH HIEU; LE VAN UT; KHOA DANG DANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270214

Abstract

Nem chua, a renowed traditional Vietnamese fermented pork product, is consumed without heat treatment, thereby posing a potential risk of contamination with pathogenic microorganisms. This investigation concentrated on isolation and characterization lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential probiotic properties. In parallel, Staphylococcus spp.-a pathogenic group commonly associated with foodborne infections in Nem chua-were also isolated and identified. A total of twenty-one LAB isolates were isolated on MRS (de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) medium supplemented with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), while six Staphylococcus spp. strains were obtained on MacConkey medium from Nem chua samples. Probiotic evaluation revealed that all LAB strains produced inhibition zones ranging from 0.63 to 1.56 cm in diameter, as determined by the agar well diffusion method. The acid tolerance of the five LAB strains with the strongest antibacterial activity was assessed, with strain L2 exhibiting the highest ΔOD₆₀₀ at pH 3.0 after 9 hours of incubation. For bile salt tolerance, three LAB strains were able to grow at 0.30% bile salt, whereas only strain L2 tolerated 1% concentration. Antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated that 42.1% of LAB strains were sensitive to doxyicycline, whereas resistance to streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and vancomycin were observed in all strains. Furthermore, all LAB strains produced amylase and cellulase, but only three strains (L2, L8, and L16) exhibited extracellular protease activity. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed that strains L2, L8, and L16 corresponded to Lactobacillus plantarum, L. farciminis, and Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis, respectively. These findings underscore the potential application of the isolated LAB isolates for enhancing the safety and quality of traditional Nem chua. The identified strains may be progress associated as utilitarian starter social orders to advance microbial security, material characteristics, and by and expansive quality consistency in customary developed meat era.
Ecological implications of push-net fisheries on demersal fish biodiversity and bycatch in Banyuasin coastal waters, Indonesia HELFA SEPTINAR; FAUZIYAH FAUZIYAH; FITRI AGUSTRIANI; AMANDA ASTRI PRATIWI FEBRIANTI; ELLIS NURJULIASTI NINGSIH; ISNAINI ISNAINI; DADE JUBAEDAH; BAKRI BAKRI; ROZIRWAN ROZIRWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270224

Abstract

Abstract. Septinar H, Fauziyah, Agustriani F, Febrianti AAP, Ningsih EN, Isnaini, Jubaedah D, Bakri, Rozirwan. 2026. Ecological implications of push-net fisheries on demersal fish biodiversity and bycatch in Banyuasin coastal waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270224. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270224. Push-net fisheries are widely practiced in Indonesian coastal waters but often generate substantial bycatch, posing ecological risks to demersal fish communities and near-threatened species. This study examined the catch composition, species diversity, and ecological linkages of push-net fisheries in the Banyuasin coastal waters, South Sumatra, and assessed the environmental drivers influencing assemblage structure. Seven fishing trips comprising 33 hauls yielded 4,157 individuals (115.87 kg total biomass). Data were analyzed using ecological indices, including Relative Abundance (RA), Occurrence Frequency (Fi), Shannon-Wiener Diversity (H’), Pielou’s Evenness (E), Simpson’s Dominance (D), and the standardized Morisita Index (Ip). The main catch (Metapenaeus monoceros, Penaeus merguiensis, Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis, Harpiosquilla raphidea, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii) contributed 51.08% (59.19 kg) of the total catch, while bycatch and discards accounted for 40.33% (46.73 kg) and 8.59% (9.95 kg), respectively. The main catch was dominated by M. monoceros (RA = 35.55%, Fi = 100%) and P. merguiensis (RA = 21.22%, Fi = 100%), defining the core shrimp assemblage. Among the 20 bycatch species identified, Johnius carouna was the most dominant (RA = 21.65%, Fi = 85.71%), while Clibanarius spp. and Lagocephalus spadiceus dominated the discard fraction. Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’ = 0.61-2.08) indicated low to moderate diversity, while evenness (E = 0.17-0.58) and dominance (D = 0.17-0.76) reflected uneven community structure and moderate dominance by a few taxa. The standardized Morisita index (Ip = 0.55-0.87) confirmed clustered distributions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explained 68.16% of total variance (F1 = 43.48%, F2 = 24.68%), highlighting strong multivariate associations between environmental variables (dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity) and bycatch variation across sampling sites. These findings highlight the influence of environmental variability and fishing pressure on species assemblages and emphasize the need for adaptive, ecosystem-based management to mitigate bycatch and sustain tropical coastal fisheries.

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