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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
 607   608   609   610   611 
Morpho-biology of Pomadasys auritus from bottom longline catches in Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS; ABDUL JABARSYAH IBRAHIM; GAZALI SALIM; M. GANDRI HARYONO; STEPHANIE BIJA; NAOMI RASMALEMTA GIRSANG; MUJIYANTO MUJIYANTO; SITTI HARTINAH; RETNO HARTATI; ROZI ROZI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261143

Abstract

Abstract. Firdaus M, Ibrahim AJ, Salim G, Haryono MG, Bija S, Girsang NR, Mujiyanto M, Hartinah S, Hartati R, Rozi. 2025. Morpho-biology of Pomadasys auritus from bottom longline catches in Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5870-5880. Pomadasys auritus is an economically important demersal species in Tarakan waters, yet the biological information required for effective stock management remains limited. This study describes the morphological characteristics and estimates the growth parameters of P. auritus captured by bottom longlines. Sampling was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 at the Selumit Landing Site, yielding 219 specimens across 16 fishing trips. Morphological identification was based on diagnostic opercular traits, fin-ray formulas, and body colouration. Growth parameters were estimated using the von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF), resulting in an asymptotic length (L?) of 109.53 cm, a growth coefficient (K) of 0.0194 day?¹, and a theoretical age at zero length (t?) of 0.823 days. These values indicate slow growth and a tendency to reach large body sizes, traits characteristic of long-lived demersal fishes that are naturally susceptible to fishing pressure. The catch composition, dominated by sub-adult and adult individuals, suggests that Tarakan waters serve as an important habitat supporting the growth phase of this species. This pattern underscores the need for cautious management, particularly because slow-growing species are vulnerable to rapid stock depletion under sustained exploitation. The dataset generated in this study provides an essential biological baseline that can support more accurate stock assessments and inform the development of appropriate management strategies for demersal fisheries in northern Kalimantan. Given that the dataset is derived solely from landing-site observations, future studies should incorporate reproductive biology, feeding ecology, environmental conditions, and mortality parameters to enhance population models and strengthen the scientific basis for managing P. auritus in Tarakan waters.
Bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Cyclosorus parasiticus from East Java, Indonesia via GC-MS and LC-MS FUAD BAHRUL ULUM; DWI SETYATI; IKA OKTAVIANAWATI; MOH. IKMAL ALFI RIZQONI; ERLIN NOVITA SARI; KAHAR MUZAKHAR; MUKHAMAD SU’UDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270234

Abstract

Abstract. Ulum FB, Setyati D, Oktavianawati I, Rizqoni MIA, Sari EN, Muzakhar K, Su’udi M. 2026. Bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Cyclosorus parasiticus from East Java, Indonesia via GC-MS and LC-MS. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270234. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270234. Cyclosorus parasiticus is a terrestrial fern abundantly distributed in the area of Gumitir Mountain, East Java, Indonesia. Despite its ecological abundance, its pharmacological potential remains undercharacterised, although leaf tissues from Gumitir populations accumulate relatively high levels of flavonoids and alkaloids. Through an integrative bioassay–metabolomics approach, this study presents the first systematic evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, together with comprehensive chemical profiling, of C. parasiticus from the Gumitir region. Metabolite annotation revealed pronounced chemical diversity, with 39 compounds identified by GC-MS and six dominant LC-MS features. Importantly, the diterpene euphornin and the alkaloids canthiumine and haplophytine were detected and are reported here for the first time in a fern, substantially expanding current knowledge of pteridophyte secondary metabolism and highlighting previously overlooked alkaloid diversity in fern taxa. The methanolic extract exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rosea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, with greater susceptibility observed in Gram-positive bacteria. Antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH radical-scavenging assay yielded an IC50 value of 176.66±14.64 ppm, indicating moderate radical-scavenging capacity. Collectively, these findings establish C. parasiticus (Gumitir population) as a chemically rich fern with measurable antibacterial and antioxidant potential, supporting its promise as a natural source of pharmacologically relevant metabolites.
Mangrove ecosystem health on prograding land in Panyipatan Sub-district, South Kalimantan, Indonesia SUSILAWATI SUSILAWATI; YASINTA NUR SHIBA; ENY DWI PUJAWATI; NORMELA RACHMAWATI; MUFIDAH MUFIDAH; EVA PRIHATININGTYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270106

Abstract

Abstract. Susilawati, Shiba YN, Pujawati ED, Rachmawati N, Mufidah, Prihatiningtyas E. 2026. Mangrove ecosystem health on prograding land in Panyipatan Sub-district, South Kalimantan, Indonesia Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270106. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270106. Mangrove forests are essential for coastal protection and climate-change mitigation. This study, conducted in the mangrove forests of Panyipatan Sub-district, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, assessed community structure, Importance Value Index (IVI), species diversity (H′), and vegetation damage across two tidal zones using 50×100 m plots and the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). In Zone 1, Avicennia marina dominated with an IVI of 147.92%, followed by Excoecaria agallocha with an IVI of 183.08%. In Zone 2, the dominance of E. agallocha increased markedly, reaching IVI values of 279.49% for saplings and 226.11% for trees, accompanied by Cerbera manghas (IVI 19.47%). Species diversity varied between zones: sapling diversity was lower in Zone 1 (H′ = 0.69) despite more individuals, while Zone 2 showed higher sapling diversity (H′ = 0.95) with fewer individuals. Tree‐level diversity was similar between zones (0.67 vs. 0.64). Vegetation damage was dominated by leaf damage (35%) and liana infestation (43%), mostly of moderate severity, with the Area Damage Index (ADI) categorized as low (5.37-5.00). These results highlight the link between species dominance and diversity, as well as the influence of growth‐stage diversity on vegetation health. Management priorities include strengthening pioneer species, controlling lianas, applying adaptive rehabilitation, and enhancing collaboration between communities and government to sustain mangrove ecosystems under shifting coastlines.
Identification of FREM2 SNPs in Bali cattle for improving meat quality EVA AMALIA PERTIWI; MASKUR MASKUR; TAPAUL ROZI; MUHAMMAD MUHSININ; MOKHAMAD FAKHRUL ULUM; FADHIL MUHARRAM; JAKARIA JAKARIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270127

Abstract

Abstract. Pertiwi EA, Maskur, Rozi T, Muhsinin M, Ulum MF, Muharram F, Jakaria. 2026. Identification of FREM2 SNPs in Bali cattle for improving meat quality. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270127. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270127. Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are indigenous to Indonesia and valued for beef quality traits influenced by genetic variation. The FREM2 gene is recognized as one of the genetic factors that regulate marbling scores in beef cattle. This gene has been extensively studied in various livestock breeds, but has rarely been explored in local livestock breeds in Indonesia. This study aims to identify SNPs in Bali cattle as a first step in determining genetic markers to help improve meat quality, especially in Bali cattle. Blood samples were collected from 20 unrelated Bali cattle. Genomic DNA was extracted via the phenol-chloroform method. A 662 bp fragment encompassing exon 6 and intron 7 of the FREM2 gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced bidirectionally using Sanger technology. Sequence alignment and SNP detection were performed in MEGA X, with chromatogram inspection in FinchTV to confirm base calls. Population genetic parameters, including allele frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosity, and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), were calculated using PopGen 3.2. Two novel SNPs were identified: g.89573C>T in exon 6, resulting in a non-synonymous Pro→Leu substitution, and g.89633G>A in intron 7. The g.89573C>T SNP deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ² = 4.62, p = 0.032), with observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.50) exceeding expected heterozygosity (He = 0.455) and a PIC of 0.343. The intronic g.89633G>A variant conformed to equilibrium (p = 0.345) with a PIC of 0.269. These FREM2 markers enable marker-assisted selection to improve meat quality in Bali cattle while supporting breed conservation through genomic selection.
Microbial fermentation optimization to increase glucomannan content in porang flour with a mixed-level factorial design NATHAN ALTHEA SANDJAJA; NEIL PRIHARTO; RIZKITA RACHMI ESYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261250

Abstract

Abstract. Sandjaya NA, Priharto N, Esyanti RR. 2025. Microbial fermentation optimization to increase glucomannan content in porang flour with a mixed-level factorial design. Biodiversitas 26: 6541-6559. Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) flour is a promising source of glucomannan, a polysaccharide widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors. However, its use is limited by the presence of starch and calcium oxalate impurities, which degrade product quality and safety. Conventional purification methods, such as mechanical separation, solvent extraction, and enzymatic treatment, can improve glucomannan content but are constrained by cost, chemical residues, or low efficiency. This study aimed to develop a sustainable microbial fermentation to enrich glucomannan and reduce oxalate content. Four α-amylase producers (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus oryzae) were evaluated. Optimization to increase glucomannan content was conducted using a Mixed-Level Factorial Design (MLFD) with varying concentrations of substrate, inoculum, and microbial species. Microbial growth kinetics and α-amylase activity profiles were monitored to determine fermentation efficiency, while statistical modeling was applied to identify significant factors influencing glucomannan yield. The findings showed that the optimum conditions, with the highest increase in glucomannan and calcium oxalate content, were achieved with B. subtilis at a substrate concentration of 4% (w/v) and an inoculum concentration of 1% (v/v). These findings demonstrate that microbial fermentation with B. subtilis provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to chemical and enzymatic extraction for glucomannan enrichment. It has the potential to scale as a sustainable processing method to support the increased value-added valorization of porang as a strategic Indonesian commodity.
Oviposition ecology of Aedes mosquitoes in relation to indoor-outdoor light intensity and dengue endemicity in Aceh Besar, Indonesia ARSIH YULIANTI; ALIA RIZKI; SUWARNO SUWARNO; NASRUL ARAHMAN; BASRI A. GANI; HUSNURRIZAL HUSNURRIZAL; HARAPAN HARAPAN; MUDATSIR MUDATSIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261137

Abstract

Abstract. Yulianti A, Rizki A, Suwarno, Arahman N, Gani BA, Husnurrizal, Harapan, Mudatsir. 2025. Oviposition ecology of Aedes mosquitoes in relation to indoor-outdoor light intensity and dengue endemicity in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5803-5813. Dengue fever continues to pose a major public health problem in tropical regions, with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as the main vectors. While the effects of temperature, humidity, and rainfall on mosquito ecology are well documented, the influence of light intensity on oviposition behavior across areas with different dengue endemicity levels remains less understood. This study aimed to assess the influence of indoor-outdoor light intensity and dengue endemicity on oviposition activity of Aedes mosquitoes in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional ecological survey was conducted in two sub-districts classified as high and low endemicity, with three villages randomly selected from each. In total, 240 ovitraps (120 indoor and 120 outdoor) were deployed over two five-day sampling periods, accompanied by concurrent light intensity measurements using a lux meter. Ovitrap positivity and egg density were analyzed using logistic regression and the Mann-Whitney U test. Of all traps, 62.92% were positive for Aedes eggs. No significant differences in Ovitrap Index (OI) or oviposition activity were observed between locations or endemicity levels (both had p>0.05). Indoor light intensity had a significant effect on oviposition activity: dimly lit households in high-endemicity areas recorded higher oviposition (1.67%, p: 0.01 and 3.33%, p: 0.02, respectively). Outdoor oviposition showed no significant variation by light intensity. These results indicate that low indoor lighting favors Aedes oviposition regardless of endemicity level. Improving household illumination may reduce suitable oviposition habitats and serve as a practical addition to existing vector control strategies.
Distribution and estimation of economic losses due to long-tailed macaque in the sago agroindustry in Lingga District, Riau Islands, Indonesia ANGELITA SYAWALINA PRAMESWARI; BURHANUDDIN MASY’UD; ERVIZAL A. M. ZUHUD; PRIMADHIKA AL MANAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261050

Abstract

Abstract. Prameswari AS, Masy’ud B, Zuhud EAM, Al Manar P. 2025. Distribution and estimation of economic losses due to long-tailed macaque in the sago agroindustry in Lingga District, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5385-5394. The long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is an opportunistic primate that frequently interacts with community-based agricultural systems, including the sago agroindustry in Lingga District, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Such interactions can cause material losses and threaten the sustainability of local livelihoods. This study aimed to analyze the population distribution, age structure, and economic impact of sago log damage caused by macaques. Field surveys were conducted using line transects, spatial analysis using ArcGIS 10.8, and structured interviews with sago farmers. The results recorded 18 groups comprising 116 individuals, with an average population density of 10.74 individuals/km². Sub-adults represented the dominant age class, displaying the highest levels of foraging and social activity, which increased their contact with stored sago logs. The average log damage reached 11,860.63±1,519.95 cm³ (9.56±1.22%), corresponding to a starch loss of 1.61±0.26 kg per log and annual economic losses of approximately IDR 22.7±3.6 million. Although local communities employ traditional deterrents, such as covering sago logs with sea sand and sago fronds, their effectiveness remains limited owing to inconsistent application and high labor requirements. This study provides one of the first empirical estimates of wildlife-induced post-harvest losses in the sago sector and highlights the need for integrated mitigation strategies that combine traditional ecological knowledge with scientific approaches, including physical barriers, habitat management, and buffer crop planting. Such integrative, community-based management is essential to minimize economic losses, mitigate human-wildlife conflict, and enhance the long-term sustainability of the sago-based agroindustry.
Phytochemicals and bioactivities of Piper betle and Miconia crenata from Sabah, Malaysia SCHOLASTICA LANTING; CHRISTOPHE WIART; NOR AZIZUN RUSDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270143

Abstract

Abstract. Lanting S, Wiart C, Rusdi NA. 2026. Phytochemicals and bioactivities of Piper betle and Miconia crenata from Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270143. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270143. Despite their traditional use, Piper betle and Miconia crenata from Sabah, Malaysia, remain poorly characterized in terms of their phytochemical compositions and bioactivities. The study aimed to compare their antioxidant and antibacterial potential and to identify major bioactive constituents. The dry sample was extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous solvents. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content were quantified, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the chemical composition was profiled by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that methanol extracts exhibited the strongest bioactivity in both species. P. betle methanol extract recorded high total phenolic and flavonoid contents (92.41mg GAE/g DW and 119.92 mg QEg/DW, respectively) and the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (314 µmol TE/g DW), while its aqueous extract also showed strong reducing capacity (256 µmol TE/g DW). In contrast, M. crenata methanol extract showed high phenolic content (119.92 mg GAE/g DW) with a lower flavonoid level (24.44 mg QE/g DW) and a maximum FRAP value of ~217 µmol TE/g DW. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed for P. betle ethyl acetate extract against Acinetobacter baumannii (inhibition zone ~15 mm), whereas M. crenata extracts showed only moderate inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis, A. baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. GC-MS analysis of P. betle methanol extract identified phenolic compounds (chromanol) and sesquiterpenes (β-copaene, seychellene), supporting its superior antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These findings suggest that plants from the Borneo region are a promising source of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, supporting their potential development into natural medicines.
River proximity and urban park attributes influence bird diversity in Arequipa, Peru MARIA RIVERO-MAMANI; LUIS VILLEGAS-PAREDES; JOSE VILLASANTE-BENAVIDES; CESAR R. LUQUE-FERNANDEZ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261140

Abstract

Abstract. Rivero-Mamani M, Villegas-Paredes L, Villasante-Benavides J, Luque-Fernandez CR. 2025. River proximity and urban park attributes influence bird diversity in Arequipa, Peru. Biodiversitas 26: 5838-5847. Urban green spaces are critical for sustaining biodiversity in rapidly expanding cities, yet their ecological function in arid landscapes remains poorly understood. This study examines how park attributes and river proximity influence bird diversity across 12 urban parks in Arequipa, southern Peru. Bird surveys were conducted using standardized point counts from January to June 2020. For each park, habitat structure, vegetation cover, noise level, and distance to the Chili River were quantified, and their effects on species richness and abundance were evaluated using model selection based on Akaike's Information Criterion. A total of 28 species were recorded in the urban parks, with Passeriformes and Columbiformes being well represented. The most frequent and abundant species were Turdus chiguanco and Zenaida meloda. Variation in species richness and abundance showed significant differences among the parks and sampling months. Parks located closer to the river exhibited higher diversity during the study period. In the analysis of structural characteristics and bird diversity, the models indicated that although distance to the river was not a relevant predictor, bird richness responded significantly to certain attributes, such as the proportion of green area, park size, and distance to the nearest agricultural zone. In contrast, abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity did not show significant responses. These findings underscore the ecological importance of riparian connectivity and vegetation structure in enhancing avian diversity within arid urban settings. Integrating green space design with river corridor conservation could improve habitat quality, strengthen urban ecological networks, and support long-term biodiversity resilience in Andean cities.
Spatio-temporal distribution of seagrass extent in three zones of Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia ST. FIRJATIH WIDHAH; ROHANI AMBO-RAPPE; LUKY ADRIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270216

Abstract

Abstract. Widhah SF, Ambo-Rappe R, Adrianto L. 2026. Spatio-temporal distribution of seagrass extent in three zones of Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270216. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270216. Seagrass meadows are vital blue carbon habitats that support biodiversity, fisheries, and coastal defense, but human activities and environmental changes increasingly threaten them. This research examined how seagrass distribution shifted over time and space across Barrang Lompo, Badi, and Langkai Islands in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, representing inner, middle, and outer zones. Using supervised classification of Sentinel-2 satellite images from 2015 and 2025, validated by field observations, we identified distinct regional patterns of seagrass loss over a decade. Area measurements included 95% confidence intervals, and all observed declines were confirmed by field data. Over ten years, seagrass cover shrank by 12.53 hectares (30.69%) in Barrang Lompo, 3.91 hectares (56.02%) in Badi, and 12.23 hectares (26.86%) in Langkai. Major losses were noted in Barrang Lompo and Badi due to dense populations, intensive fishing, land-use change, and pollution, while oceanographic factors like strong currents, sediment buildup, and variable water quality mainly drove Langkai’s decline. These spatial patterns demonstrate the combined impacts of human stressors and environmental factors on seagrass decline and underscore the necessity for targeted conservation efforts, water quality improvements, and zone-specific fisheries management to protect blue carbon functions and ecosystem resilience in the Spermonde Archipelago.

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