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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
 627   628   629   630   631 
Biodiversity and community structure of mangrove gastropods across Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia MUHAMMAD ARIF ASADI; ANNAS TASYA WIDODO; ALIFYA NADHIRA JASMINE; DIAN ALIVIYANTI; MULIAWATI HANDAYANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270713

Abstract

Abstract. Asadi MA, Widodo AT, Jasmine AN, Aliviyanti D, Handayani M. 2026. Biodiversity and community structure of mangrove gastropods across Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270713. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270713. Mangrove ecosystems sustain varied benthic communities that are crucial for nutrient cycling and ecosystem functionality. This research investigates the spatial distribution, abundance, and community structure of gastropods within the mangrove ecosystem of Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. At each of ten stations, three 10×10 m mangrove plots were established for mangrove density assessment, and within each plot, three 1×1 m subplots were used to sample gastropods during low tide in January 2025 (rainy season). A total of 1,146 individuals representing 7 families and 16 species were recorded. The highest densities were for the sulcate swamp whelk (Terebralia sulcata, 8.55 inds/m²) and the girdled horn snail (Cerithidea cingulata, 7.88 inds/m²) from the family Potamididae. The differences in Shannon-Wiener Diversity (H′: 0.82-1.70) and Pielou’s Evenness (J′: 0.68-0.91) among stations indicate spatial heterogeneity among stations, potentially linked to differing habitat conditions. Linear regression analysis showed a strong positive relationship between gastropod abundance and sediment organic matter (R²: 0.49, p<0.0001), while mangrove tree density had no significant effect (p: 0.52). Sediment organic matter was significantly associated with gastropod abundance, indicating that sites with higher organic matter tended to support greater gastropod abundance. This relationship suggests that sediment quality is an important driver of gastropod abundance, although additional environmental factors likely contribute to the remaining variation among sites. Therefore, this study provides baseline information for future monitoring of gastropod communities and contributes to understanding spatial patterns of mangrove gastropod communities in Karimunjawa National Park.
Medicinal plants for postpartum care among the Acehnese, Indonesia ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR; SAUDAH SAUDAH; ESSY HARNELLY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270705

Abstract

Abstract. Zumaidar, Saudah, Harnelly E. 2026. Medicinal plants for postpartum care among the Acehnese, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270705. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270705. Traditional plant-based postpartum therapies remain widely practiced in Aceh Province, Indonesia, but comprehensive quantitative documentation of the medicinal plants involved and their regional variation is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, distribution, and cultural salience of medicinal plants used in postpartum care among the Acehnese Ethnic Group. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and field surveys involving 1,306 informants across one city and five districts: Banda Aceh, Pidie Jaya, Pidie, Bireuen, Aceh Jaya, and Aceh Besar. Data were analyzed using descriptive ethnobotanical statistics, Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and heatmap-based spatial analysis. A total of 73 species representing 38 families were documented. Zingiberaceae was the most represented family. RFC analysis identified Curcuma longa, Carica papaya, Lawsonia inermis, Nigella sativa, and Zingiber officinale as the most culturally prominent taxa. Heatmap analysis revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with Aceh Besar and Bireuen exhibiting the highest species richness. Leaves constituted the most frequently utilized plant part, while grinding and pounding were the predominant preparation methods. Oral administration was the principal mode of use. Seven major postpartum treatments were documented. These findings demonstrate the continued importance of plant-based therapies in maternal healthcare and provide a valuable baseline for biodiversity conservation and biocultural research.
Fish-dominated nekton assemblage structure and spatial-temporal variation in the intertidal zone of Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia ANDI MUHAMMAD REZA; MUSBIR MUSBIR; NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN; FIJWAL PATANGNGARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270716

Abstract

Abstract. Reza AM, Musbir, Najamuddin, Patangngari F. 2026. Fish-dominated nekton assemblage structure and spatial-temporal variation in the intertidal zone of Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270716. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270716. The intertidal zone of Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is characterized by fish-dominated nekton assemblages and traditional sero fisheries. However, there is a paucity of quantitative data on variation in gear-standardized assemblages. This study investigated the composition, diversity, and spatial-temporal structure of nekton assemblages captured using stationary sero traps at six intertidal stations from July to November 2025. A total of 7,448 individuals, representing 49 taxon records, were analyzed. Due to variations in leader-net/penaju length among stations, taxon abundance was standardized as catch per unit effort (CPUE; individuals m-1 trip-1) prior to multivariate analysis. The CPUE-based community matrix underwent square-root transformation and was analyzed using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, NMDS, PERMANOVA, ANOSIM, PERMDISP, pairwise PERMANOVA, and SIMPER. NMDS yielded a low stress value of 0.132. PERMANOVA revealed significant effects of station and month, with station accounting for 44.47% of assemblage variation (F: 15.484, p<0.001) and month accounting for 26.82% (F: 11.673, p<0.001). Station-level PERMDISP was not significant, whereas monthly dispersion was significant, suggesting that temporal effects should be interpreted with caution. SIMPER analysis indicated that the most pronounced station contrasts were driven by both fishes and mobile crustaceans. Oceanographic variables were analyzed separately and served as environmental context rather than direct causal habitat drivers. These findings demonstrate significant station-level assemblage differentiation in gear-standardized intertidal sero catches, with additional short-term monthly variation.
Length-weight relationship, size structure, and conservation implications of endangered humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) in the Banggai Archipelago, Indonesia YEHIEL H. DASMASELA; DIETRIECH G. BENGEN; I WAYAN NURJAYA; FRENSLY D. HUKOM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270714

Abstract

Abstract. Dasmasela YH, Bengen DG, Nurjaya IW, Hukom FD. 2026. Length-weight relationship, size structure, and conservation implications of endangered humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) in the Banggai Archipelago, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270714. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270714. The humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) is an endangered coral reef fish that has experienced substantial population declines associated with overexploitation in the live reef fish trade. This study integrates analyses of the length-weight relationship (LWR), size structure, condition factor, and morphology-based sex-phase classification to provide baseline biological information for conservation planning and fisheries management. Sampling was conducted from June to September 2022 using a fishery-dependent approach linked to local live reef fish trade networks. A total of 163 specimens were measured for total length and body weight, ranging from 150 to 590 mm and 100 to 3,500 g, respectively, with most specimens concentrated within the 249.5-449.5 mm size classes. The LWR followed the equation W: 0.00490L3.33, indicating positive allometric growth (b: 3.33) with a strong model fit (R2: 0.878). Approximately 98% of the sampled fish belonged to small-to-medium-sized juvenile and female-phase categories, whereas no morphologically identifiable adult males were recorded. This size structure indicates demographic truncation, with potential implications for reproductive resilience under continued exploitation pressure. Sex-phase classification was inferred from external morphology without gonadal validation. The mean condition factor (K: 1.56) indicated generally good physiological condition. Nevertheless, the sampled population was dominated by smaller individuals, whereas large-bodied fish and adult males were poorly represented. This contrast highlights that individual physiological conditions and demographic structures may reflect different aspects of population status rather than the same underlying process. Large individuals were uncommon in the sampled population, a pattern consistent with observations from other exploited populations of this protogynous species. These findings provide baseline biological information to support integrated management approaches combining size-based regulation, habitat protection, and long-term population monitoring for the conservation of C. undulatus from the Banggai Archipelago.
Species diversity and distribution of Spiraea (Rosaceae) in Kazakhstan ZHANBOTA TURMANOVA; MERUYERT KURMANBAYEVA; GULZHAINA ALPAMYSSOVA; RAIYMBEK ANATOLIY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270721

Abstract

Abstract. Turmanova Z, Kurmanbayeva M, Alpamyssova G, Anatoliy R. 2026. Species diversity and distribution of Spiraea (Rosaceae) in Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270721. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270721. Spiraea (Rosaceae) is a diverse genus of woody shrubs widely distributed across the temperate northern hemisphere. Still, its taxonomy and distribution in Central Asia remain incompletely resolved due to fragmented data and limited herbarium digitization. Kazakhstan is a key region for understanding the genus, yet comprehensive data-driven assessments are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the species composition and distribution patterns of the genus Spiraea in Kazakhstan using herbarium evidence and biodiversity occurrence data. Verified herbarium specimens, published floristic sources, and GBIF records were integrated and analyzed through taxonomic standardization using WFO and POWO, occurrence-data cleaning, spatial mapping, and calculation of EOO and AOO metrics. Ten species of Spiraea were confirmed. Analysis of 939 cleaned records showed strong variation in distribution extent, with S. hypericifolia being the most widespread, while S. alpina, S. lasiocarpa, S. tianschanica, and S. chamaedryfolia were primarily recorded in mountainous regions. Estimates of EOO and AOO revealed substantial differences in range size, reflecting variation in recorded spatial extent and data limitations. Geographic gaps, particularly in western and high-mountain areas, highlight persistent sampling biases and the need for targeted surveys and improved herbarium digitization.
Organ-specific microplastic accumulation and particle-size distribution in fishes from Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia RIZKI SANDHI TITISARI; RASYIDAH FAUZIA AHMAR; HERNANDA AFRA HANIYYAH; NADA AHMAD RAYHAN; LAILY ISROFIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270801

Abstract

Abstract. Titisari RS, Ahmar RF, Haniyyah HA, Rayhan NA, Isrofiani L. 2026. Organ-specific microplastic accumulation and particle-size distribution in fishes from Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270801. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270801. Microplastic contamination is increasingly reported in coastal environments, yet organ-specific burdens and particle characteristics in fishes from Indonesian nearshore systems remain limited. This study quantified organ-specific, including gills, stomach, intestine, liver and kidney microplastic accumulation and particle-size distributions in fishes from Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia, comparing an aquaculture-associated site (Teluk Awur) with a comparative coastal site (Bandengan) during June-July 2025 (Teluk Awur, n: 9; Bandengan, n: 13). Fish were dissected immediately after capture, and suspected microplastics were assessed in gills, stomach, intestine, liver, and kidney following H₂O₂ digestion, ZnCl₂ density separation, vacuum filtration, and stereomicroscope observation. Particles were morphologically classified and measured using FIJI. Differences among organs were assessed using the Friedman test, and between-site comparisons used the Mann-Whitney U test. Suspected microplastics were detected in all examined organs across all sampled fishes (100% prevalence). Organ burdens indicated gastrointestinal dominance at Teluk Awur, whereas pooled wild-caught taxa showed more variable organ profiles, reflecting species assemblage rather than a single biological response pattern, including elevated internal-organ loads in several taxa. Morphologically, fragments dominated at both sites, while Teluk Awur showed relatively higher contributions of flakes and fibers and Bandengan showed higher contributions of microbeads, pigments, and films. Overall, these results constitute a descriptive, organ-resolved baseline snapshot of sMPs burdens in Jepara fishes during June-July 2025, providing a reference framework for future biomonitoring and seafood-safety assessments at these sites.
Orchid diversity in Senganan and Angseri Villages, eastern Mount Batukaru Forest, Bali, Indonesia I PUTU BENNY SANTIKA; IDA AYU PUTRI DARMAWATI; RINDANG DWIYANI; RINI HERMINA KAMUHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270717

Abstract

Abstract. Santika IPB, Darmawati IAP, Dwiyani R, Kamuhi RH. 2026. Orchid diversity in Senganan and Angseri Villages, eastern Mount Batukaru Forest, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270717. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270717. Orchid diversity plays an important ecological and conservation role, particularly in forest areas experiencing environmental pressure. However, information on orchids in the eastern forest of Mount Batukaru, Bali, Indonesia, remains limited. This study aimed to assess orchid diversity, community structure, and similarity in Senganan and Angseri Villages, Bali, Indonesia. The study was conducted in the mid-elevation forest zone using the belt transect method. Data were analyzed using species richness, Dominance Index (Di), Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’), Evenness Index (E), and Sørensen Similarity Index. A total of 31 orchid species from 22 genera were recorded, comprising 30 epiphytic and 1 terrestrial species, with 509 individuals. Senganan Village recorded higher species richness (30 species, 321 individuals) compared to Angseri Village (14 species, 188 individuals). Across both sites combined, the dominant species were Dendrobium linearifolium and Bulbophyllum biflorum, which consistently ranked as the most dominant in both villages. The Diversity Index was moderate in both villages (H' = 2.571 in Senganan; H' = 2.318 in Angseri), while evenness was high (E = 0.756-0.878). The Sørensen Similarity Index of 63.64% indicated relatively high compositional similarity between the two sites. Overall, the eastern forest of Mount Batukaru supports relatively high orchid diversity and a stable community structure, underscoring its importance for conservation and sustainable management.
Spatial and seasonal characterization of environmental conditions in mangrove habitats occupied by Terebralia palustris in Calang, Aceh Jaya, Indonesia MUHAMMAD FAUZAN ISMA; SLAMET B. PRAYITNO; HAERUDDIN HAERUDDIN; MAX R. MUSKANANFOLA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270726

Abstract

Abstract. Isma MF, Prayitno SB, Haeruddin, Muskananfola MR. 2026. Spatial and seasonal characterization of environmental conditions in mangrove habitats occupied by Terebralia palustris in Calang, Aceh Jaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270726. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270726. Terebralia palustris is a large potamidid native to mangrove ecosystems, contributing to leaf litter processing and nutrient cycling within its natural habitat. The species is also recognized as a potential local food resource; therefore, studying the baseline ecological parameters of its natural habitat is important for sustainable utilization and future development. This study explores the variation of water quality, sediment properties, and litter production in mangrove areas occupied by T. palustris according to locations and seasons. Field observations were conducted in the Sayeung River, Calang, Aceh Jaya District, Indonesia, in January and August 2024, representing rainy (wet) and dry seasons, respectively. Data were collected at four stations along the estuarine gradient, with three 10 m × 10 m plots established at each station. Water and sediment physicochemical variables, sediment texture, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and mangrove litter production were measured and explored using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Salinity ranged from 8.67 to 29.33%, while water pH ranged from 6.36 to 7.62, and sediments were dominated by sand fractions. Environmental conditions during the rainy-season were characterized by lower salinity and higher sediment organic carbon and total nitrogen, whereas dry-season showed higher temperature, salinity, pH, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). PCA indicated that downstream habitats were associated with stronger marine influence, higher salinity, water temperature, sand fraction, and sediment redox potential, while upstream and inner-mangrove habitats were associated with organic carbon, total nitrogen, DO, sediment moisture, and finer sediment fractions. These findings show that T. palustris occupies environmentally heterogeneous mangrove habitats shaped by the interaction between tidal seawater, freshwater input, sediment composition, and organic matter accumulation. The findings provide an ecological baseline for understanding occupied habitats of T. palustris in the Calang mangrove ecosystem and for guiding future conservation, habitat monitoring, and aquaculture-related studies.
Genetic parameters and seasonal response of pod and yield traits in ten Indonesian winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) lines RETNO DWI ANDAYANI; IZMI YULIANAH; DARMAWAN SAPTADI; KUSWANTO KUSWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270811

Abstract

Abstract. Andayani RD, Yulianah I, Saptadi D, Kuswanto. 2026. Genetic parameters and seasonal response of pod and yield traits in ten Indonesian winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) lines. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270811. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270811. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is an underutilized tropical legume with wide phenotypic diversity in Indonesia, but information on genetic parameters and seasonal responses remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypic variation, estimate genetic parameters, assess line × season interaction, and identify promising Indonesian winged bean lines for pod and seed yield across two planting seasons. Ten lines were evaluated during the dry (May-October 2023) and wet seasons (November 2023-April 2024) at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia, using a randomized complete block design with three replications per season. Phenology, pod, and yield traits were analyzed using combined ANOVA, and genetic parameters were estimated across seasons. Season, genotype, and their interaction significantly influenced several key traits, indicating differential responses to environmental conditions. The dry season generally enhanced productivity, producing longer pods, heavier fresh pods, and higher pod and seed yields than the wet season. Fresh pod yield increased from 2.36 to 3.76 kg per plant, while fresh pod weight increased from 33.42 to 42.16 g per pod. High broad-sense heritability for pod length (0.94), fresh pod weight (0.95), fresh pod yield (0.86), and seed yield (0.94) indicated strong genetic control and good selection potential. Path analysis identified fresh pod weight, pod length, and pod number as major determinants of yield. Principal component and cluster analyses further distinguished superior genotypes based on productivity and trait characteristics. NSM2 showed the highest fresh pod yield (4.57 kg per plant) and seed yield (488.01 g per plant), with stable performance across seasons. These findings demonstrate substantial seasonal effects on winged bean productivity and identify NSM2 as a promising candidate for breeding high-yielding, environmentally resilient cultivars.
Short Communication: Full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing reveals baseline indigenous rhizobacterial diversity in Bondowoso Arabica coffee soils, Indonesia IIS NUR ASYIAH; IMAM MUDAKIR; SUTOYO SUTOYO; MOH DLIYAUDDIN; IRFAN MUSTAFA; ELENA FRANSINA LEONOR LILIPALY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270706

Abstract

Abstract. Asyiah IN, Mudakir I, Sutoyo, Dliyauddin M, Mustafa I, Lilipaly EFL. 2026. Short Communication:Full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing reveals baseline indigenous rhizobacterial diversity in Bondowoso Arabica coffee soils, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270706. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270706. The microbiome of the rhizosphere, which remains underexplored in the case of the highland Arabica coffee in Indonesia, might be relevant for the development of environment-friendly farming systems. Here we provide a baseline taxonomic analysis of native rhizobacteria from coffee plantation soils in Bondowoso (Ijen volcanic complex, East Java; 1,282-1,598 m a.s.l.) based on full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V1-V9, Oxford Nanopore GridION). Rhizosphere soil at five georeferenced subsampling sites was combined to form one composite sample, three technical replicates were prepared and sequenced; these replicates serve to evaluate analytical reproducibility rather than spatial heterogeneity and no biological replication was included. Alpha diversity estimates were uniformly high across replicates (total observed OTUs ≈ 5,576; Shannon H’ ≈ 6.20; Simpson ≈ 0.99), indicating reproducible sequencing of the composite sample. The phylum level was dominated by Pseudomonadota (35%), Actinomycetota (25%), and Myxococcota (15%), and Gaiella occulta, Pseudolabrys taiwanensis, Vicinamibacter silvestris, were the most frequent species. Rare taxa that are known to be functionally relevant under similar frameworks such as Streptomyces rhizosphaerihabitans were also identified. These results represent a first taxonomic catalog of rhizobacteria in this highland coffee system and highlight a set of potential Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for further studies. No functional tests were performed; PGPR claims are purely speculative and need to be corroborated by isolation, in vitro, and in planta.

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