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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Wild betta species (Teleostei: Osphronemidae) in Pergam Peat Swamp Forest, Bangka Island, Indonesia ALIFA KARINA WIJAYA; NANTASA EKA ANDRAINI; KISMIYATI KISMIYATI; JOSIE SOUTH; RENI AMBARWATI; VERYL HASAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270702

Abstract

Abstract. Wijaya AK, Andraini NE, Kismiyati, South J, Ambarwati R, Hasan V. 2026. Wild betta species (Teleostei: Osphronemidae) in Pergam Peat Swamp Forest, Bangka Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270702. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270702. Bangka Island is a hotspot for the diversity of wild betta species (Teleostei: Osphronemidae) in Southeast Asia. However, ecological information regarding species distribution and habitat associations in these blackwater ecosystems remains limited. This study evaluated the diversity, dominance, and habitat distribution of wild betta species in the Pergam Peat Swamp Forest, Bangka Island, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted across upstream, midstream, and downstream habitats using standardized field surveys and environmental measurements. The 166 individuals recorded, representing four species, namely Betta burdigala, B. chloropharynx, B. edithae, and B. schalleri. The highest abundance of wild betta was obtained from the B. edithae, while the lowest abundance was B. chloropharynx. The Diversity Index (H') ranged from 0.85 to 1.20, indicating low to moderate diversity, while the Evenness Index (E) ranged from 0.61 to 0.89, suggesting a relatively even distribution of individuals among species. The Dominance Index (C) ranged from 0.32 to 0.54, reflecting low to moderate dominance. The highest H' and E values were recorded at Station 1 during the dry season, while the lowest C value was also observed at this station, indicating a more stable community structure. The study highlights the peat swamp habitats' ecological importance as refuges for endemic and specialized freshwater fishes. Ongoing habitat degradation, vegetation disturbance, and hydrological alteration may threaten the persistence of these blackwater fish communities. Therefore, long-term ecological monitoring and peat-swamp conservation are urgently needed to support biodiversity preservation in Bangka Island.
Characterization and detached-leaf pathogenicity of representative pestalotioid fungal isolates from symptomatic rubber leaves in selected areas of Sumatra, Indonesia FARRIZA DIYASTI; WEN DEE ONG; TSABITAH SITI RAHMA; ACHMAD EKA SATRIA; TRI RAPANI FEBBIYANTI; STEPHANY ANGELIA TUMEWU; FITRINE EKAWASTI; MINAMI MATSUI; NEO ENDRA LELANA; WELLYZAR SJAMSURIDZAL; RETNO LESTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270809

Abstract

Abstract. Diyasti F, Ong WD, Satria AE, Febbiyanti TR, Tumewu SA, Ekawasti F, Matsui M, Lelana NE, Sjamsuridzal W, Lestari R. 2026. Characterization and detached-leaf pathogenicity of representative pestalotioid fungal isolates from symptomatic rubber leaves in selected areas of Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270809. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270809. Pestalotioid fungi have emerged as important pathogens associated with rubber leaf fall disease in Indonesia. This study characterized the morphological traits, molecular identity, and pathogenicity of five representative pestalotioid fungal isolates, each selected from a different sampling location across four major rubber-producing provinces in Sumatra (Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, and Bangka Belitung). Five representative isolates (P_R.SS1, P_R.JM, P_R.BB, P_R.SS2, and P_R.RA) were selected for detailed morphological, molecular, and pathogenicity analyses. Morphological observations revealed variation in colony color, growth rate, and conidial dimensions. Molecular identification based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences assigned the isolates to the genera Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis. Pathogenicity testing using a detached-leaf assay on Hevea brasiliensis clone PB260 revealed significant differences in lesion development among the five representative isolates at 7 days post-inoculation. Isolate P_R.RA from Riau produced the largest necrotic lesion area (0.802±0.332 cm²) despite exhibiting the slowest in vitro colony growth rate (35.807±1.56 cm²), whereas isolates P_R.SS1, P_R.JM, and P_R.BB produced lesion areas below 0.06 cm². These results indicate differences in pathogenicity among the representative isolates examined in this study. These findings provide preliminary baseline information for future multilocus identification and broader investigations of pestalotioid fungi associated with rubber leaf fall disease.
Forest-based livelihoods and downstream sedimentary organic carbon in the Tembawang Tampun Juah Customary Forest, West Kalimantan, Indonesia ARIEF BUDI SETIAWAN; SYARIFUDDIN KADIR; MUHAMMAD NAPARIN; TRISNU SATRIADI; NUR YULIA SARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270722

Abstract

Abstract. Setiawan AB, Kadir S, Naparin M, Satriadi T, Sari NY. 2026. Forest-based livelihoods and downstream sedimentary organic carbon in the Tembawang Tampun Juah Customary Forest, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270722. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270722. Customary forests play important roles in sustaining local livelihoods while maintaining ecological functions, yet evidence integrating community-based livelihood information with downstream sediment characteristics remains limited. This study examined community-reported forest-based livelihoods and characterized sedimentary organic carbon at a selected downstream depositional site in the Tembawang Tampun Juah Customary Forest, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Socioeconomic information was obtained through a single Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving 20 purposively selected participants and analyzed using thematic interpretation, the People Value framework, and an indicative Net Present Value (NPV) approach. Hydrological measurements were conducted monthly from November 2024 to May 2025 at one downstream cross-section, whereas sediment samples were collected once from ten channel segments at three depths (5, 10, and 15 cm) and analyzed for organic carbon and selected physicochemical properties. The community-based economic assessment indicated a positive NPV of IDR 160,445,963 during 2015-2024, although exploratory Spearman analysis showed declining trends in annual profit and present value over time, suggesting reduced financial stability of forest-based livelihoods. Sedimentary organic carbon decreased slightly with depth, from 1.95±0.25% at 5 cm to 1.85±0.30% at 15 cm, while sediments remained consistently acidic and exhibited increasing silt and clay fractions with depth. Correlation analysis showed no significant association between mean stream discharge and sedimentary organic carbon or between cross-sectional area and sedimentary organic carbon. The observed sedimentary organic carbon pattern may therefore be associated with local sediment texture and depositional conditions rather than short-term hydrological variation alone. Because sediment observations were obtained from one downstream depositional site and socioeconomic information was derived from one consensus-based Focus Group Discussion, the findings should be interpreted as a preliminary site-specific socio-ecological assessment. These results provide an initial basis for integrating community livelihood information with downstream sediment assessment in customary forest management.
Turnover-dominated beta diversity among three Vietnamese natural broadleaf evergreen forest regions NGUYEN TOAN THANG; NGUYEN TRONG MINH; TRINH NGOC BON; DAO TRUNG DUC; LUONG THE DUNG; DOAN THUY DUONG; VU TIEN LAM; TRUONG TRONG KHOI; TRAN HOANG QUY; NGUYEN VAN TUAN; PHAM TIEN DUNG; NGUYEN HUY HOANG; NGUYEN TRONG TAI; PHUNG VAN TINH; TRAN VAN DO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270807

Abstract

Abstract. Thang NT, Minh NT, Bon TN, Duc DT, Dung LT, Duong DT, Lam VT, Khoi TT, Quy TH, Tuan NV, Dung PT, Hoang NH, Tai NT, Tinh PV, Do TV. 2026. Turnover-dominated beta diversity among three Vietnamese natural broadleaf evergreen forest regions. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270807. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270807. Beta diversity, the variation in species composition among communities, is a fundamental axis of tropical biodiversity that determines how effectively a network of forest patches conserves regional species richness. Yet quantitative, multivariate assessments of beta diversity remain sparse for the forests of mainland Southeast Asia, and the contributions of turnover versus nestedness to inter-regional compositional differences are essentially unknown for Vietnam. We addressed these gaps using an extensive dataset of 8,474 trees belonging to 457 species from 75 families, enumerated across 59 permanent sample plots distributed among three regions of Vietnam: the Northeast (NE: 18 plots), the North Central coast (NC: 16 plots), and the Central Highlands (CH: 25 plots). Pairwise Sørensen dissimilarity ranged from 0.47 (NC-CH) to 0.54 (NE-NC, NE-CH). Turnover dominated beta diversity in all regional pairs (71-99% of total βsor). Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity computed from plot-by-species abundance matrices confirmed highly significant compositional differences among all three regions (pseudo-F: 3.88, R²: 0.122, p: 0.0001) and between all pairwise combinations (all raw p≤0.0003, below the Bonferroni threshold of α: 0.0167). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) explained 15.6% of compositional variance on the first two axes, with regional centroids separated. The three regions share just 76 ubiquitous species (16.6% of total richness), whereas 63, 49, and 135 species are exclusive to NE, NC, and CH, respectively. These patterns are consistent with three floristically distinct regional assemblages shaped by the Truong Son (Annamite) range and a latitudinal gradient from subtropical to tropical climate. Conservation of Vietnam's sampled forest flora requires representation across all three regions; a Northeast-only or North Central-only strategy would omit approximately 54% of pooled sampled richness, while a Central Highlands-only strategy would omit approximately 29%.
Catch composition and diversity of small-scale fisheries around mangrove ecosystems in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia IZZA MAHDIANA APRILIANI; TOSHIMORI TAKAHASHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270803

Abstract

Abstract. Apriliani IM, Takahashi T. 2026. Catch composition and diversity of small-scale fisheries around mangrove ecosystems in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270803. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270803. Pangandaran District is an area in southern West Java that has a mangrove ecosystem and serves as a fishing ground. However, there is currently no baseline data on catch yields from small-scale fisheries in and around mangrove ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the composition, diversity and commodity status of fishermen's catches in the Pangandaran mangrove ecosystem. The mangrove ecosystems in this region are located at four sites: Babakan, Bojongsalawe, Batukaras, and Nusawiru. The research was conducted from September 2025 to January 2026 by collecting data on catches from fishermen using cast nets, traps, and handlines, with sampling conducted once every two weeks around the mangrove ecosystem. A total of 27 catch taxa from 20 families and 954 individuals were recorded, consisting of fish, shrimp, and crabs. Among the recorded taxa, 13 species were categorized as the main catch with high economic value. The diversity index (H') ranged from 2.288 to 2.742, the evenness index (E) from 0.740 to 0.842, the dominance index (C) from 0.049 to 0.122, and the species richness index (d) from 3.363 to 4.466, indicating that the catch community is in the moderate diversity category with low dominance. Descriptive Bray-Curtis similarity analysis indicated differences in catch composition among the four locations, with Batukaras and Nusawiru showing higher similarity compared to Babakan and Bojongsalawe. These differences may reflect qualitative differences in habitat condition and fishing-ground characteristics. This study provides a descriptive baseline inventory of catch composition and diversity at the Pangandaran mangrove ecosystem to support monitoring and management of small-scale fisheries.
Preliminary COI analysis reveals a divergent Carcinoscorpius lineage in North Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo MOHAMMAD FADNAN AKHMADI; SUTRISNO ANGGORO; AGUS SABDONO; ANINDITIA SABDANINGSIH; DIAH AYUNINGRUM; ASBAR LAGA; ENCIK WELIYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270805

Abstract

Abstract. Akhmadi MF, Anggoro S, Sabdono A, Sabdaningsih A, Ayuningrum D, Laga A, Weliyadi E. 2026. Preliminary COI-based identification of selected horseshoe crab vouchers indicates a divergent Carcinoscorpius mitochondrial lineage in North Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270805. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270805. Molecular records of Asian horseshoe crabs from North Kalimantan are limited, constraining assessments of taxonomic affinity and mitochondrial variation in Indonesian Borneo. This study examined four morphologically selected voucher specimens from Karis and Mangkudulis islands using mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. The trimmed sequences (653-661 bp) were quality-checked against a common 649-bp homologous region. Phylogenetic and K2P analyses used a 20-sequence, 624-bp alignment, while ASAP and haplotype analyses used the corresponding 19-sequence ingroup matrix. KU1PMTG1 showed 99.85% BLASTn identity to Tachypleus gigas, whereas KU1PKTT4 showed 99.24% identity to T. tridentatus; both assignments were supported by BOLD, low K2P distances, and consistent phylogenetic placement. In contrast, KU1PKCR2 and KU2PKCR3 shared an identical COI haplotype but showed only 91.99% and 91.78% identity to their closest Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda matches. Their K2P divergence from selected C. rotundicauda references ranged from 8.60% to 9.51%, exceeding the 0-1.29% variation within the reference group. The two North Kalimantan sequences formed a strongly supported phylogenetic subclade, a distinct ASAP operational subset, and a haplotype separated by 50 mutational steps from the nearest selected C. rotundicauda haplotype. These concordant patterns indicate a deeply differentiated Carcinoscorpius-affiliated mitochondrial lineage, suggesting potential cryptic diversity or an unsampled regional lineage. However, because this inference is based on two unresolved specimens, one mitochondrial marker, and forward-direction sequencing, they are conservatively retained as putative Carcinoscorpius sp. Broader Borneo sampling, bidirectional sequencing, nuclear markers, and diagnostic morphological comparisons are required to clarify their taxonomic status.
Integrated pharmacognostic and DNA barcode characterization of Pleiospermium littorale, an IUCN Endangered species from Vietnam THUY THI PHUONG NGUYEN; DUNG PHUONG NGUYEN; TRIET THANH NGUYEN; TUOI THI HONG DO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270804

Abstract

Abstract. Nguyen TTP, Nguyen DP, Nguyen TT, Do TTH. 2026. Integrated pharmacognostic and DNA barcode characterization of Pleiospermium littorale, an IUCN Endangered species from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270804. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270804. Pleiospermium littorale (synonym Limnocitrus littoralis), Rutaceae) is an IUCN-listed endangered species from Vietnam with limited scientific documentation, particularly regarding its anatomical characteristics and molecular data. This study aimed to provide integrated pharmacognostic and DNA barcode data to support species identification and future quality-control studies. Macromorphological characteristics were documented, while micromorphology, anatomy, epidermal features, stomatal index, and powder microscopy were examined using light microscopy. DNA barcoding was performed using three loci (ITS, matK, and rbcL), and physicochemical parameters were determined using standard pharmacopoeial methods. The species exhibited distinctive pharmacognostic characteristics, including amphistomatic leaves with anomocytic stomata, secretory cavities, abundant prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, sclerenchymatous tissues, and diagnostic powder microscopic features useful for organ identification. The stomatal index was significantly higher on the abaxial leaf surface (10.19±0.70%) than on the adaxial leaf surface (6.29±0.99%). DNA barcoding successfully generated ITS (686 bp), matK (639 bp), and rbcL (528 bp) sequences, providing initial molecular reference data for this endangered species. The combined dataset also facilitates comparison with related Rutaceae taxa and strengthens the taxonomic basis for conservation, authentication, and future pharmacognostic evaluation. These findings present the first integrated morpho-anatomical, pharmacognostic, and multi-locus DNA barcode dataset for P. littorale, providing preliminary baseline data to support its accurate identification and quality standard development.
Morphometric and condition analysis of Asian horseshoe crabs from kelong-based fishing encounters in North Kalimantan, Indonesia MOHAMMAD FADNAN AKHMADI; SUTRISNO ANGGORO; AGUS SABDONO; ANINDITIA SABDANINGSIH; RUKISAH RUKISAH; ENCIK WELIYADI; NURIL FARIZAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270719

Abstract

Abstract. Akhmadi MF, Anggoro S, Sabdono A, Sabdaningsih A, Rukisah, Weliyadi E, Farizah N. 2026. Morphometric and condition analysis of Asian horseshoe crabs from kelong-based fishing encounters in North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270719. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270719. Asian horseshoe crabs are conservation-relevant coastal arthropods, but biological baseline information from North Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, remains limited. This study analyzed species-specific morphometry, length-weight scaling, body condition, body proportion, and sexual dimorphism of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus gigas, and Tachypleus tridentatus. A total of 205 individuals (C. rotundicauda, n: 109; T. gigas, n: 75; T. tridentatus, n: 21) were recorded during 16 fisher-assisted kelong encounters at four coastal stations from January to April 2025. Each individual was identified, sexed, measured, weighed, recorded by station and sampling period, photographed, and released alive after handling. Clear interspecific size differentiation was observed, with T. tridentatus being the largest and heaviest species, C. rotundicauda the smallest, and T. gigas intermediate in size. Species-specific length-weight analysis indicated isometric scaling for T. gigas. The T. tridentatus length-weight estimate was also consistent with isometry but should be considered preliminary, whereas the C. rotundicauda total-length model had low explanatory power and was sensitive to telson condition. Fulton’s condition factor differed among species, while relative condition factor was interpreted mainly within species because it was derived from species-specific equations. Females tended to be larger and heavier than males, but the sex-specific findings for T. tridentatus are preliminary because of its small sample size. Because fishing effort and capture probability were not standardized and repeat encounters could not be excluded, the results describe recorded individuals and should not be interpreted as estimates of abundance, recruitment, catch per unit effort, habitat preference, or population structure. This study provides an integrated morphometric and condition baseline for all three extant Asian horseshoe crab species within a single North Kalimantan kelong-encounter dataset.
Farmer-recognized indigenous rice landraces and community conservation in the Ifugao Rice Terraces, Philippines MARISSA P. BULONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270712

Abstract

Abstract. Bulong MP. 2026. Farmer-recognized indigenous rice landraces and community conservation in the Ifugao Rice Terraces, Philippines. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270712. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270712. The Ifugao Rice Terraces in Philippines are a world-renowned agricultural heritage site maintained by indigenous wisdom, communal effort, and traditional rice cultivation methods. Nonetheless, environmental degradation and social transformations increasingly jeopardize the sustainability of terrace agriculture. This project investigated socio-ecological problems impacting rice terrace communities in Nagacadan, Batad, and Bangaan, Ifugao Province, Philippines, and delineated community-based conservation objectives for landscape sustainability. Data were collected from 114 active rice farmers using structured surveys and open-ended interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were examined through thematic analysis. Indigenous rice landraces, acknowledged by farmers, were recorded with farmer-reported local names and community validation instead of morphological or genetic characterization. The research identified 27 indigenous rice landraces acknowledged by farmers, cultivated in three villages, and documented the ongoing use of traditional ecological knowledge about rice farming, irrigation management, terrace upkeep, and postharvest processing. Terrace erosion, water scarcity, declining irrigation systems, labor shortages, insufficient capital, youth disengagement, and terrace neglect were identified as the predominant socio-ecological issues. Farmers recognized terrace rehabilitation, irrigation restoration, agricultural machinery support, financial aid, and postharvest enhancement as the most commonly prioritized conservation measures. These findings offer pragmatic recommendations for enhancing farmer-led conservation measures that promote the enduring sustainability of farmer-acknowledged indigenous rice landraces and agricultural heritage landscapes in the Ifugao Rice Terraces.
Roadside tree composition, origin status, and principal-use composition along selected urban corridors in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia RAISA NOOR SAFIRA; KHOTROTUN NIDA FARIKHA; MARETTA PATRICIA BERNADETTA; MARTINA PUTRI MAHARANI; MUHAMMAD ADIB AL-DZAHABI; WHIDI HIMAWAN; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270537

Abstract

Abstract. Safira RN, Farikha KN, Bernadetta MP, Maharani MP, Al-Dzahabi MA, Himawan W, Setyawan AD. 2026. Roadside tree composition, origin status, and principal-use composition along selected urban corridors in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270537. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270537. Roadside trees are conspicuous elements of urban green infrastructure, but reliable inventories remain limited for many tropical secondary cities. This study provides a standardized descriptive assessment of roadside tree composition and principal use categories along selected corridors in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Twenty purposively selected 200-m transects, four in each of five sub-districts, were surveyed. Living arborescent perennials maintained as part of roadside structural vegetation were counted and identified, and each species was classified by origin status and principal roadside use. Diversity was summarized using Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness, Margalef richness, and pairwise Sørensen similarity; all indices were recalculated directly from the species-by-sub-district abundance matrix. The inventory recorded 743 individuals representing 67 species and 24 families. Fabaceae had the greatest species richness and abundance, followed by Arecaceae in both measures. Jebres contained the most species (37), Banjarsari the most individuals (190), and Laweyan the highest diversity (H′: 3.242; E: 0.912; Dmg: 7.114). Pairwise Sørensen similarity ranged from 0.269 to 0.686, with the strongest overlap between Pasar Kliwon and Serengan. Introduced taxa comprised 41 species (61.2%) and 496 individuals (66.8%), native taxa comprised 25 species (37.3%) and 245 individuals (33.0%), and one taxon represented by two individuals remained uncertain in origin status. Ornamental trees were the largest principal use group by species and abundance, followed by shade trees. The ten most abundant species represented 55.0% of all individuals, and the most abundant species accounted for 11.04%. These results provide a descriptive baseline for the surveyed 4 km of roadside corridors, not a city-wide census. Future inventories should retain transect-level data and incorporate georeferenced tree locations, size, condition, roadside constraints, and repeated monitoring to strengthen management and ecological inference.

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