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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Agronomic performance, phytochemical profile, and preliminary anti-mold potential of Marigold (Tagetes spp.) in semi-arid ecosystems CATOOTJIE L. NALLE; I KOMANG SUDARMA; STORMY VERTYGO; ERDA E. RAME HAU; DINA V. SINLAE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270725

Abstract

Abstract. Nalle CL, Sudarma IK, Vertygo S, Hau EER, Sinlae DV. 2026. Agronomic performance, phytochemical profile, and preliminary anti-mold potential of Marigold (Tagetes spp.) in semi-arid ecosystems. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270725. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270725. Marigold is a bioactive-rich plant with potential in animal nutrition; however, studies in semi-arid environments remain limited, restricting understanding of its agronomic and phytochemical variability. This study evaluated the agronomic performance and phytochemical composition of several marigold varieties and explored their potential as feed additives based on phytochemical characteristics and preliminary antifungal activity. Seven marigold varieties (Casanova, Kasuari, Maharani, Diwali, Beautiful 008, Garuda, and Nirwa) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and four blocks (420 plants). Seedlings were transplanted at 14 days and cultivated under standard agronomic practices. Growth, morphological traits, flower yield, and bioactive compounds were determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry. Antifungal activity of Maharani and Diwali extracts against Aspergillus flavus was assessed by agar disk diffusion, and their ground flowers were applied to naturally contaminated stored corn in a randomized complete design (three treatments, six replicates). Grain physical quality and total aflatoxin content were evaluated. Significant varietal differences (P<0.05-0.01) were observed in agronomic and phytochemical traits. Maharani produced the highest flower number (97.5 flowers) and fresh flower yield (1404.5 g). Although marigold application did not significantly affect (P>0.05) grain physical quality or aflatoxin concentration, Maharani extract showed strong antifungal activity, producing an inhibition zone of 21.2 mm. Garuda exhibited the highest carotenoid and flavonoid contents, whereas Diwali contained the highest phenolic concentration with favorable agronomic performance. These findings demonstrate varietal complementarity and support the selection of specific marigold genotypes for dual-purpose use in biomass production and bioactive applications for animal feed.
Species richness and conspecific associations of trees in Gunung Meja Nature Tourism Park, West Papua, Indonesia WOLFRAM YAHYA MOFU; JONNI MARWA; AGUSTINUS MURDJOKO; CHARLIE DANNY HEATUBUN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270720

Abstract

Abstract. Mofu WY, Marwa J, Murdjoko A, Heatubun CD. 2026. Species richness and conspecific associations of trees in Gunung Meja Nature Tourism Park, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270720. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270720. Tropical rainforests are critical for global ecosystem functioning, yet the ecological processes governing recruitment and structural growth in Papuan conservation forests remain poorly understood. We investigated species richness and conspecific associations within Gunung Meja Nature Tourism Park (GMNTP), a lowland tropical rainforest in West Papua, Indonesia, by collecting tree data from 50 plots and categorizing them into small (DBH < 10 cm) and large (DBH ≥ 10 cm) individuals. We documented 198 tree species, including 167 small-tree species and 130 large-tree species. Using the Importance Value Index (IVI), we found that small individuals had significantly higher IVIs. Conspecific association analysis revealed that 35.35% of species exist exclusively as small individuals, while 16.16% exist exclusively as large individuals. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated high dissimilarity in the understory (distance 30.0-60.0), contrasting with pronounced homogeneity in the canopy (distance < 18.0). These results provide evidence of intense ecological processes, driven by resource competition and conspecific negative feedback, which narrow the high-diversity recruitment pool into a convergent mature community. Our findings indicate that GMNTP can serve as a "propagule bank" and can be managed to maintain species richness and diversity naturally.
Diversity and zoogeography of mammals at the Levantine Land Bridge, Jordan MOHAMMAD A. ABU BAKER; ZUHAIR S. AMR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270709

Abstract

Abstract. Abu Baker MA, Amr ZS. 2026. Diversity and zoogeography of mammals at the Levantine Land Bridge, Jordan. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270709. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270709. Jordan hosts a remarkably diverse mammalian fauna owing to its position at the intersection of three major zoogeographic realms (Afrotropical, Oriental, and Palaearctic) within the Levantine Land Bridge. This study aims to synthesize current knowledge of mammalian diversity in Jordan and interpret its biogeographic patterns in relation to habitat heterogeneity and historical processes. The analysis is based on published records, faunal surveys, and historical accounts documenting species occurrence across the country. A total of 83 mammalian species representing 8 orders have been recorded in Jordan, reflecting both wide-ranging taxa and habitat-restricted specialists. Zoogeographically, 46.84% of species are of Palaearctic origin, 31.65% Saharo-Sindian, 16.46% Afrotropical, and 7.59% Oriental. Approximately 39.24% of species are habitat-restricted, while 39.24% occur at the edges of their global distribution ranges. Species distributions correspond strongly to ecological gradients: forest-associated taxa, such as wood mice, stone marten, and several horseshoe bats, are largely confined to Mediterranean woodland habitats; Psammophilous gerbils occupy isolated sand dune systems within desert landscapes; and saxicolous species, including spiny mice, rock hyrax, Blanford's fox, and Nubian ibex, are restricted to rocky terrains. Jordan represents a critical biogeographic boundary, marking the northern or southern limits of several taxa. Afrotropical species extend northward along the Rift Valley, Palaearctic species reach their southern distribution in the Mediterranean highlands, and Oriental elements occur more locally. In addition, past geological and climatic events have resulted in the persistence of relic populations, such as dormice in southern and eastern rocky deserts and a geographically isolated melanistic population of spiny mice in the eastern basalt desert. This unique convergence of faunal elements and habitat-specific assemblages highlights the conservation importance of Jordan's ecosystems. Protecting habitat diversity and geographically isolated populations is essential for maintaining the country's role as a biogeographic transition zone and for preserving species at the limits of their global distributions.
Demographic modeling of optimal founder composition for white-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) in captive breeding YILDIRAY HAIDAR JABBAR; BURHANUDDIN MASY’UD; YANTO SANTOSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270625

Abstract

Abstract. Jabbar YH, Masy’ud B, Santosa Y. 2026. Demographic modeling of optimal founder composition for white-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) in captive breeding. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270625. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270625. Birdkeeping is a popular cultural and economic activity in Indonesia, with the white-rumped shama among the most valuable species. However, the influence of founder composition on economic performance and conservation potential remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the simulated optimal founder composition, estimate the resulting sustainable harvest and release outputs, and evaluate its financial feasibility. The study gathered data from four breeding facilities and one cricket farm in West Java and Aceh, Indonesia, and applied a deterministic age-structured Leslie matrix model to a 20-year projection, followed by a financial feasibility analysis under synthesized cost assumptions. Under the model assumptions, the simulation results show that for 10 monogamous breeding pairs, representing a medium-scale system, the scenario composed entirely of reproductive adults with a composition of 9 pairs in age class C (>2-3 years) and 1 pair in age class D (>3-4 years) produced the highest potential cumulative harvest, yielding 926 individuals over 20 years, including a potential release output of 41 individuals for potential reinforcement of wild populations. Financial analysis using a 6-12% discount rate showed that this scenario generated an NPV of IDR 116,135,510-292,329,127; a BCR of 1.21-1.40; an IRR of 20.00%; and a DPP of 6.00-7.48 years, indicating financial feasibility. These simulation-based findings demonstrate that optimizing founder composition can simultaneously enhance economic performance and captive population management for conservation, while the conservation benefits remain contingent on successful release and post-release evaluation. 
Macrozoobenthic assemblages are associated with sediment organic matter across contrasting mangrove ecosystems of North Sumatra, Indonesia ONRIZAL ONRIZAL; THEODORA LOUISA SIMBOLON; DITA ELISA PITRI SIDAURUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270707

Abstract

Abstract. Onrizal, Simbolon TL, Sidauruk DEP. 2026. Macrozoobenthic assemblages are associated with sediment organic matter across contrasting mangrove ecosystems of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270707. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270707. Macrozoobenthic assemblages often respond quickly to changes in intertidal sediment, yet comparable evidence from North Sumatra, Indonesia, remains limited. We compared mangrove vegetation, macrozoobenthos, and measured sediment conditions in Sei Nagalawan, Belawan Sicanang, and Lubuk Kertang using a common station-based design. Each site contained three stations, each station contained three vegetation plots, and five macrozoobenthos quadrats were sampled within each plot. Across the nine stations, 1,543 individuals representing 17 species and four classes were recorded. Shannon diversity ranged from H': 1.321 to 2.454. Lubuk Kertang supported the widest observed species pool and the highest maximum diversity (14 species; H': 2.454), whereas Belawan Sicanang had the narrowest species pool (8 species). Sediment organic carbon showed the strongest positive station-level association with diversity (r: 0.851, p: 0.004), and clay showed a weaker positive trend (r: 0.658, p: 0.054). The first two PCA axes explained 78.05% of the total variation and contrasted clay-rich, organic-rich stations with warmer, sandier ones. Because the multivariate analyses were based on only nine stations, the correlation and ordination results are interpreted as exploratory rather than causal. Even so, the combined vegetation, sediment, and macrozoobenthos data show that benthic assemblages can strengthen biodiversity-based evaluation of mangrove condition and rehabilitation outcomes in North Sumatra.
Multivariate analysis of yield and lodging traits in rice genotypes DULBARI DULBARI; DESI MAULIDA; DESTIEKA AHYUNI; SUBARJO SUBARJO; RIZKY RAHMADI; MOH HARIS IMRON S. JAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270710

Abstract

Abstract. Dulbari, Maulida D, Ahyuni D, Subarjo, Rahmadi R, Jaya MHIS. 2026. Multivariate analysis of yield and lodging traits in rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270710. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270710. Lodging is a major constraint affecting rice yield stability by reducing photosynthetic efficiency, increasing loss yield, and lowering grain quality. Integrating yield and lodging traits is therefore essential for effective multi-trait selection in rice breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypic diversity, identify trait relationships, and determine potential parental genotypes using a multivariate approach. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications and 20 rice genotypes. Quantitative traits were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) after Z-score standardization. Hierarchical clustering and heatmap visualization were performed using Euclidean distance and Ward's method, while the integration of quantitative and qualitative traits was carried out using the Gower coefficient. The first two principal components explained 50.3% of the total variation (PC1 = 29.8%; PC2 = 20.5%). PC1 was associated with biomass-related traits, while PC2 represented structural traits and yield-loss indicators. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into four distinct phenotypic clusters. Genotypes G12, G7, G8, and G15 were associated with yield-related traits, while G19, G6, and G13 were linked to structural traits related to plant stability. These findings indicate that multivariate analysis can effectively identify phenotypic diversity and support parent selection in rice breeding. However, direct measurements of lodging are required for further validation.
Vegetation structure and diversity of liberoid coffee agroforestry (Coffea liberica and Coffea dewevrei) across contrasting ecosystems in Indonesia DANNIARY ISMAIL FARONNY; MELATI JULIA RAHMA; BENEDIKTUS BRAHMANTYO ADHI NUGROHO; SOEMARNO SOEMARNO; WENNY BEKTI SUNARHARUM; LUCHMAN HAKIM; JATI BATORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270536

Abstract

Abstract. Faronny DI, Rahma MJ, Nugroho BBA, Soemarno, Sunarharum WB, Hakim L, Batoro J. 2026. Vegetation structure and diversity of liberoid coffee agroforestry (Coffea liberica and Coffea dewevrei) across contrasting ecosystems in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270536. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270536. Climate change is projected to substantially reduce the climatically suitable range of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora by 2050, elevating the strategic importance of the liberoid coffee group, comprising Coffea liberica and Coffea dewevrei, as climate-adaptive alternatives. This study characterized vegetation structure and associated species diversity of liberoid coffee agroforestry across three contrasting ecosystems in Indonesia: volcanic mountain agroforestry (Wonosalam, East Java), coastal agroforestry (South Malang, East Java), and tropical peatland agroforestry (Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi). Using nested quadrat sampling (18 plots; 400 m² each), vegetation data were analyzed through Importance Value Index (IVI) and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H'), vertical and horizontal canopy profiling, and NMDS ordination with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. A total of 893 individuals representing 40 species from 23 families were recorded. C. dewevrei dominated mineral-soil systems in Wonosalam and South Malang, while C. liberica was the exclusive Coffea taxon in the Jambi peatland. Shannon diversity ranged from H': 0.72 to 2.13, with the highest mean diversity recorded at South Malang (H': 1.63); this gradient does not follow the pattern expected from ecosystem productivity alone, but rather a pattern in which farmer management decisions are a contributing factor, though management variables were not directly measured. NMDS ordination (stress: 0.029) revealed near-complete floristic separation of peatland communities from mineral-soil sites (Bray-Curtis: 0.93-0.94), reflecting ecosystem-level divergence under extreme organosol conditions. Musa paradisiaca and Leucaena leucocephala were identified as cross-ecosystem companion species in mineral-soil systems. These studies provide an observational framework for ecosystem-differentiated supporting climate-adaptive liberoid coffee cultivation, contingent on expanded replication and direct environmental monitoring.
A Tropical Conservation Priority Index (TCPI) as an integrative ecological framework with application to Lantana camara SUTOMO SUTOMO; HENDRA HELMANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270704

Abstract

Abstract. Sutomo, Helmanto H. 2026. A Tropical Conservation Priority Index (TCPI) as an integrative ecological framework with application to Lantana camara. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270704. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270704. Conservation prioritization in tropical ecosystems is often based on individual ecological metrics, which may not fully capture the complexity of species-environment relationships. Although species distribution models and conservation assessment tools are widely used, frameworks integrating multiple ecological dimensions into a single prioritization metric remain limited. This study presents the Tropical Conservation Priority Index (TCPI), an exploratory ecological framework integrating Habitat Suitability (HS), Spatial distribution structure (R), Ecological Tolerance (ET), and Environmental Drivers (ED) into a composite metric for preliminary ecological assessment in conservation and management contexts. As a proof-of-concept, the framework was applied to Lantana camara using species occurrence records, environmental raster layers, and field-based vegetation and environmental data from several conservation areas in Indonesia. Habitat suitability was estimated using MaxEnt, spatial structure was represented by Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) derived from GeoCAT, ecological tolerance was approximated from SDM response-curve ranges, and environmental drivers were assessed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The resulting TCPI value for L. camara was 0.591, categorized as moderate-to-high under the exploratory classification scheme. This value reflected broad spatial occupancy, modeled environmental response breadth, and environmental associations observed in field data. Because several components were derived from related analytical structures, the index should be interpreted cautiously as an exploratory integrative exercise rather than a fully validated operational prioritization tool. The analysis also highlights that TCPI interpretation depends on ecological context. For native or threatened taxa, higher values may indicate conservation priority, whereas for invasive species they may reflect management urgency. Although further validation, calibration, and benchmarking across taxa and ecosystems are needed, the framework provides an initial basis for methodological refinement and ecological comparison.
Integrative taxonomic reassessment of Aegialitis rotundifolia (Plumbaginaceae) in Thailand based on morphological, anatomical, and palynological evidence CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY; PRANOM CHUMRIANG; PICHET CHANTON; DECHA DUANGNAMON; NITTAYA MIANMIT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270718

Abstract

Abstract. Ngernsaengsaruay C, Chumriang P, Chanton P, Duangnamon D, Mianmit N. 2026. Integrative taxonomic reassessment of Aegialitis rotundifolia (Plumbaginaceae) in Thailand based on morphological, anatomical, and palynological evidences. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270718. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270718. Aegialitis rotundifolia (Plumbaginaceae) is taxonomically revised for Thailand using an integrative approach based on morphology, leaf anatomy, and pollen morphology characteristics. This study clarifies the taxonomic status of Thai populations and designates a lectotype for the species. Leaf anatomical and palynological characters were examined using Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on morphological characters, A. rotundifolia is the only Aegialitis species presently recorded from Thailand. Leaves are bifacial and exhibit typical mangrove adaptations, including a thick cuticle, hypodermal cells, abundant salt glands, and sclereids contributing to their coriaceous texture. Salt crystals are commonly present on the leaf surface as a result of secretion and evaporation. Astrosclereids and branched sclereids occur in the mesophyll, providing additional mechanical support. Pollen grains are monads, tricolpate, and large, with scabrate exine sculpturing, and range from spheroidal to subprolate in shape. The species occurs in mangrove and estuarine habitats on heterogeneous sandy-muddy to rocky substrates and exhibits cryptovivipary, with germination occurring while the propagule remains attached to the parent plant. Aegialitis rotundifolia is currently assessed as Near Threatened (NT) at the global level according to the IUCN Red List. This study provides integrative taxonomic evidence supporting the species delimitation and taxonomic identity of A. rotundifolia in Thailand, and supports future systematic and conservation studies of mangrove biodiversity.
Phytoplankton dynamics in tropical biofloc-based whiteleg shrimp aquaculture NUSHAIBA AZMA TAQIYYA; NANIK RETNO BUWONO; EVELLIN DEWI LUSIANA; MUHAMMAD MUSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270711

Abstract

Abstract. Taqiyya NA, Buwono NR, Lusiana ED, Musa M. 2026. Phytoplankton dynamics in tropical biofloc-based whiteleg shrimp aquaculture. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270711. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270711. Biofloc Technology (BFT) has been used in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture due to the higher sustainability compared to conventional intensive systems. In BFT ponds, microbial communities, particularly phytoplankton, are essential for nutrient cycling and water quality regulation, with their dynamics shaped by complex biotic and abiotic interactions. Phytoplankton composition and its connection to water quality are central to effective BFT management. This study assessed temporal changes in phytoplankton community structure using monthly observations at day of culture (DOC) 0, 30, 60, and 90 in a tropical biofloc-based whiteleg shrimp culture system. The study was conducted in three BFT aquaculture ponds in the coastal area of Indonesia, with repeated observations performed at four sampling times. Ten physicochemical water-quality parameters and phytoplankton community characteristics were monitored throughout the culture period. Exploration of the associations between water quality variables, phytoplankton communities, and biofloc characteristics was done using statistical approaches. The results showed that water quality in the BFT system was generally suitable for whiteleg shrimp culture; however, temperature, transparency, pH, ammonia, and nitrite occasionally exceeded or fell outside the recommended ranges reported for shrimp culture. Meanwhile, the structure of the phytoplankton community was dominated by Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Cyanophyceae. Temporal changes in water quality and phytoplankton community composition were observed throughout the culture period. Chlorophyceae and Dinophyceae were observed at relatively notable proportions during several observation periods, suggesting that variations in transparency, nitrite, and nitrate might be linked to differences in phytoplankton composition across DOC 0-90 in the ponds studied. These findings describe temporal patterns within a site-specific tropical biofloc-based shrimp culture system and may provide baseline information for future comparative studies.

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