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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Short Communication: Antibacterial activity of Boesenbergia pandurata, Zingiber zerumbet and Solanum ferox extracts against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. ESTI HANDAYANI HARDI; IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA; WIWIN SUWINARTI; AGUSTINA AGUSTINA; RUDI AGUNG NUGROHO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080105

Abstract

Abstract. Hardi EH, Kusuma IW, Suwinarti W, Agustina, Nugroho RA. 2016. Antibacterial activity of Boesenbergia pandurata, Zingiber zerumbet and Solanum ferox extracts against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. Nusantara Bioscience 8:  18-21. This study evaluated the potential antibacterial activity of Boesenbergia pandurata, Zingiber zerumbet and Solanum ferox extracts against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. This paper aims to review the best concentration of the extract B. pandurata, Z. zerumbet and S. ferox to inhibit the growth of bacteria A. hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. on tilapia in vitro test. The concentrations used range from 100-6000 ppm for B. pandurata and S. ferox, meanwhile for Z. zerumbet extracts ranged from 25-1000 ppm. The best concentration was injected to tilapia by intraperitoneal (0.1 mL/fish) to know in vivo inhibition of extract in fish. The results showed that B. pandurata 600 and 900 ppm, and Z. zerumbet 200 and 2000 ppm revealed potent antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila; while the concentration of S. ferox at 400 and 900 ppm inhibits Pseudomonas sp. growth, whereas concentration of 600, 200, and 900 ppm reduced the bacterial pathogen in fish body.
The survival and growth performance of juvenile cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) with application of tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves NURHIDAYAT NURHIDAYAT; LIZA WARDIN; EDIYANTO SITORUS
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080101

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhidayat, Wardin L, Sitorus E. 2016. The survival and growth performance of juvenile cardinal tetra(Paracheirodon axelrodi) with application of tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 1-4. The proportional appearance of the length and the weight, and the color pattern are key factors of ornamental fishes. Modification of environment and application of food may be done to increase fish quality. The addition of active compound of tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves at certain doses can be done to increase survival rate and the growth of juvenile cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi). This research used completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Therefore, there were 16 experimental units. The treatments were four doses of almond leaves: D0 (without almond leaves), D1 (0.5 g/L), D2 (1.5 g/L) and D3 (2,5 g/L). Experimental fish used in this research was cardinal tetra. The result showed that 0.5 g/L and 1.5 g/L of almond leaves addition resulted in 100% survival rate. Those concentrations also increased the body length by 1.28 cm and increased the weight by 0.092 g. The best water parameters used during the research were: temperature of 25-29oC, dissolved oxygen of 6-6.6 ppm, pH of 6-6.5, alkalinity of 22.66-33.98 ppm, water hardness of 26.17-57.00 ppm, ammonia of 0.0052-0.0104 ppm, and nitrite of 0.0029-0.0696 ppm.
Short Communication: Antimycotic activity and phytochemical screening of fungal endophytes associated with Santalum album ASHWANI TAPWAL; SWETA PRADHAN; SURESH CHANDRA; RASHMI RASHMI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080104

Abstract

Abstract. Tapwal A, Pradhan S, Chandra S, Rashmi. 2016. Antimycotic activity and phytochemical screening of fungal endophytes associated with Santalum album. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 14-17. The heartwood of Santalum album constitutes the central part of the tree is valued for its fragrance. The wood and oil are utilized in medicine. Sandalwood oil is extensively used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and pharmaceutical industry. The endophytic microorganisms inhabiting the plant tissues are expected to mimic some of the metabolites of its host. This study was aimed to isolate and screen the fungal endophytes inhabiting the Santalum album for antimicrobial activity and for the presence of important phytochemicals. Five fungal endophytes isolated from different parts of S. album have exhibited antimicrobial potential against Fusarium oxysporum in the range of 5.0-40.4%. The isolated endophytic fungi also indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, and tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and glycosides, terpenoids, amino acids and proteins.
Short communication: A laboratory study to validate the impact of the addition of Alnus nepalensis leaf litter on carbon and nutrients mineralization in soil GAURAV MISHRA; KRISHNA GIRI; ANTARA DUTTA; SATABDI HAZARIKA; PRATUL BROGOHAIN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080102

Abstract

Abstract. Mishra G, Giri K, Dutta A, Hazarika S, Borgohain P. 2016. A laboratory study to validate the impact of the addition of Alnus nepalensis leaf litter on carbon and nutrients mineralization in soil. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 5-7. Plant litter or residues can be used as soil amendment to maintain the carbon stock and soil fertility. The amount and rate of mineralization depend on biochemical composition of plant litter. Alnus nepalensis (Alder) is known for its symbiotic nitrogen fixation and capability to restore fertility of degraded lands. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted for 60 days under controlled conditions to validate the carbon and nutrients mineralization potential of alder litter. Soil fertility indicators, i.e. soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) were analyzed using standard procedures. Significant differences were observed in the soil properties after addition of litter. Nutrient composition of alder litter was found superior by providing significantly higher organic matter and helped in better nutrient cycling. Therefore, alder based land use system may be replicated in other degraded lands or areas for productivity enhancement which is important for sustaining biodiversity and soil fertility.
Gamma ray irradiation inhibits Plasmodium falciparum multiplication in in vitro culture supplemented with tritium labeled hypoxanthine HARRY NUGROHO EKO SURNIYANTORO; DARLINA DARLINA; SITI NURHAYATI; DEVITA TETRIANA; MUKH SYAIFUDIN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080103

Abstract

Abstract. Surniyantoro HNE, Darlina, Nurhayati S, Tetriana D, Syaifudin M. 2016. Gamma ray irradiation inhibits Plasmodium falciparum multiplication in in vitro culture supplemented with tritium labeled hypoxanthine. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 8-13. Malaria remains a major public health threat in the world. Therefore an attempt to create malaria vaccine for supporting the control of disease was taken by attenuating parasites with gamma rays and it was proven effective based on microscopic observation. The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of gamma rays to attenuate malaria parasites based on isotopic method. A laboratory strain of P. falciparum (3D7) was in vitro cultured with standard procedure and it was irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 150-250 Gy and unirradiated parasites served as control. Twenty four hours after 1-2 µCi of 3H-hypoxanthine was added into culture 100 µl of medium was taken and was repeated at various times, then hypoxanthine incorporation was measured with beta counter. Microscopic observation of parasitemia in culture was also done. The results showed that there was a fluctuation in multiplication of parasites post irradiation mainly in higher dose (more than150 Gy). Irradiated of parasites were more active in incorporate with purine precursor up to 48 hours. Parasites returned to their highest activity at 116 hours after hypoxanthine addition. No significant difference was found among doses of irradiation with p of 0.05. This was quite different from the finding from microscopic observation. It was known that dose of 150 Gy was the most effective dose for inhibiting of the parasite multiplication where some factors affecting these facts.
Plant diversity and energy potency of community forestin East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Searching for fast growing wood species for energy production RUDIANTO AMIRTA; YULIANSYAH YULIANSYAH; EDDY MANGOPO ANGI; BAMBANG RUDY ANANTO; BUDHI SETIYONO; MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ HAQIQI; HELMI ALFATH SEPTIANA; MARTER LODONG; RIZKI NUR OKTAVIANTO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080106

Abstract

Abstract. Amirta R, Yuliansyah, Angi EM, Ananto BR, Setiyono B, Haqiqi MT, Septiana HA, Lodong M, Oktavianto RN. 2016. Plant diversity and energy potency of community forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Searching for fast-growing wood species for energy production. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 22-30. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in intensifying the production and use of biomass to replace fossil fuels for the production of heat and electricity, especially for a remote area that generally abundance with the wood biomass resources including in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this work, diversity of plant species that commonly grows in community forest area of East Kutai District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia had been studied to point out their energy potency to be used as biomass feedstock for the electricity generated. Diversity of plant species in the community forest was evaluated by making 13 sampling plots with 20mx20m size approximately. Concurrently, the energy properties of plant biomass such as proximate and ultimate compositions were also analyzed using ASTM methods. Results showed that more than 30 species of tropical trees and wood shrubs were grown in the community forest. The presence of them was classified into two different growths of origins: natural and artificial plantation, and also three different categories of plant resources: tree species from logged-over forest, commercial fast-growing plant tree species for the fiber production and wood shrubs. The highest dominancy and productivity was found in Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen since the wood biomass was artificially planted for commercial purposes. Among the 31 plant species analyzed we found the highest energy potency was obtained from Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume that produced 3.17 MWh/ton, and the lowest was from Trema orientalis (L.) Blume 0.97 MWh/ton. The wood shrubs species such as Vernonia amygdalina Delile., Piper aduncum L., Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp., Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner., Bridelia tomentosa Blume, Vitex pinnata L., Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. and Bauhinia purpurea var. corneri de Wit. were suitable to be used as sustainable feedstocks for the electricity generated and promising to be developed as energy plant species in the future using Short Rotation Coppice system (SRC).
Effects of stress on foliar trichomes plasticity in Mentha piperita MEHERI ASKARY; SEYED MEHDI TALEBI; FARIBA AMINI; ALI DOSTI BALOUT BANGAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080107

Abstract

Abstract. Askary M, Talebi SM, Amini F, Bangan ADB. 2016. Effects of stress on foliar trichomes plasticity in Mentha piperita. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 32-38. Mentha piperita is considered as the most economically important aromatic as well as medicinal herb of Labiatae family. This medicinal herb has traditionally been used to treat a variety of digestive complaints. In the present study, effects of twenty treatments of salt and nanoparticles of Iron oxide were examined on the leaf trichomes morphology of M. piperita samples. In total twenty solutions, combinations of four salt concentrations with five iron oxide nanoparticles concentrations were used for the treatments. Different kinds of glandular and non-glandular trichomes were found in the studied plant samples. Glandular trichomes were seen in the shapes of peltate, short-stalked capitate and non-stalked and non-glandular ones were unbranched and had one to seven cells. The obtained results showed that the kind and abundant of trichomes differed between the studied treatments. Statistical analyses showed significant positive correlations between salt concentrations with trichomes density. While, negative significant correlations have occurred between concentrations of nanoparticle of iron oxide with some kinds of trichomes.
The effect of biochar, cocopeat and sawdust compost on the growth of two dipterocarps seedlings MARJENAH MARJENAH; KISWANTO KISWANTO; SRI PURWANTI; FENNY PUTRI MARIANI SOFYAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080108

Abstract

Abstract. Marjenah, Kiswanto, Purwanti S, Sofyan FPM. 2016. The effect of biochar, cocopeat and sawdust compost on the growth of two dipterocarps seedlings. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 39-44. Good growing media contains enough nutrients, light textured, and have the capacity to hold water to create conditions that can support plant growth. The growing media used for propagation has several requirements, that is firm and dense to enhance the growth of stems, has the capability to hold water, guarantee the plant life, and moderate humidity. This study attempts to evaluate the effect of biochar, cocopeat, and sawdust compost on the growth of Dryobalanops aromatica and Shorea balangeran seedlings. An experiment was conducted by using completely randomized block design (CRBD) in factorial with two factors, namely growing media (topsoil 100%? topsoil 80% + sawdust compost 20%? topsoil 80% + biochar 20%, topsoil 80% + 20% coco peat ) and two species of dipterocarps seedlings (D. aromatica and S. balangeran). The experiment was carried out in a Forestry Faculty nursery for 3 months. To determine the best growth media, the vegetative parameters of seedlings were measured and the data were statistically analyzed. Survival rates of both seedlings showed good specification in all types of growing media. The survival rates of D. aromatica for 100% topsoil (control)? 80% top soil+ 20% sawdust compost? 80% topsoil + 20% biochar? 80% topsoil + 20% cocopeat are 100%? 100%? 97.78% and 97.78%? respectively. S. balangeran are 93.33%? 100%? 100%? 97.78%. Quality Index of D. aromatica 100% topsoil (control)? 80% top soil+ 20% sawdust compost? 80% topsoil + 20% biochar? 80% topsoil + 20% cocopeat that are 0.15? 0.14? 0.10? and 0.10? and for S. balangeran 0.09? 0.38? 0.05 and 0.07 respectively.
Drought tolerance selection of soybean lines generated from somatic embryogenesis using osmotic stress simulation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) WIDI SUNARYO; WAHYU WIDORETNO; NURHASANAH NURHASANAH; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080109

Abstract

Abstract. Sunaryo W, Widoretno W, Nurhasanah, Sudarsono. 2016. Drought tolerance selection of soybean lines generated from somatic embryogenesis using osmotic stress simulation of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Nusantara Bioscience 8: 45-54. Somaclonal variation is an alternative source to create genetic variability including generating a novel character like drought tolerance. The objective of this research was to select the drought-tolerant lines derived from somatic embryogenesis (somaclones) of 4 soybean genotypes using drought stress simulated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Soybean seeds (R1 generation) generated from 37 somaclones (R0 generation) were grown on semi-hydroponic system using Greenleaf as supporting medium. The seedlings were watered with half strength of liquid Murishage and Skoog nutrient. The PEG solution treatment of either 0% or 15% (PEG: w/v = -0.41 Mpa osmotic potential) was applied in the MS solution, from the seedlings of 14 days old until harvesting period. The vegetative growth, intensity of leaf firing, plant biomass, and drought sensitivity index variables were observed during the PEG application. The same procedure was applied to the seeds, propagated conventionally, from the same genotypes as controls. The results showed that somatic embryogenesis had altered the drought sensitivity of soybean genotypes under drought stress simulated by PEG. Interestingly, the different drought tolerance level was shown by the R1 plants. Some lines were increased and the other lines were decreased compared to the control genotypes. From a total of 185 R1 plants, 4 plants increased their tolerance against drought stress and grouped as tolerant genotype.
Search for biological activities from an invasive shrub species rosemyrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA; NURUL AINIYATI; WIWIN SUWINARTI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080110

Abstract

Abstract. Kusuma IW, Ainiyati N, Suwinarti W. 2016. Search for biological activities from an invasive shrub species rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Nusantara Bioscience 8: 55-59. Research into the potential of diversity, ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology and bioactivity of Indonesia plants is essential. In continuation of our search into biologically-active substances from plant sources, the ethanol extract of fruit, leaves, twig, and stem of masisin or rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and toxicity. Antioxidant property was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Antimicrobial activity was examined by agar well diffusion against Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Propionibacterium acnes, and Candida albicans. Toxicity of the plant was determined by brine shrimp lethality test. The plant ethanolic extracts showed the occurrences of flavonoid, triterpenoid, and carbohydrate in the phytochemical analysis. In the antioxidant assay, the plant extracts exhibited 90-93% of DPPH radical scavenging activity at 50 ppm. Ascorbic acid, a standard compound showed 96-98% activity at the same concentration tested. In the antimicrobial assay, the activities against B. cereus and C. albicans were displayed by the fruit and leaves of R. tomentosa with activity index (AI) of 0.42 and 0.35, respectively. Leaves, stem, twig, and fruit of the plant showed activity against S. typhi and P. acnes with AI of 0.19-0.50 in comparison to that of reference compound, chloramphenicol. In the brine shrimp lethality test, leaves and fruit showed cytotoxicity with LD50 of 43.4 and 8.5 ?g/mL. The stem and twig ethanolic extracts were shown to be cytotoxic inactive. The present results showed potential of R. tomentosa extracts as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents.

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