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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity ofessential oils from cumin and ajowan SAHADEO D. PATIL; PANKAJ P. MAKNIKAR; SUSHILKUMAR J. WANKHADE; CHANDRAKIRAN S. UKESH; MAHENDRA K. RAI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080111

Abstract

Abstract. Patil SD, Maknikar PP, Wankhade SJ, Ukesh CS, Rai MK. 2016. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oils from cumin and ajowan. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 60-65. Plant essential oils have gained importance as alternative remedies for treatment of many infectious diseases and food preservatives. In the present study, we have determined the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from two Indian spices Cuminum cyminum (cumin) and Trachyspermum ammi (ajowan) of family Apiaceae by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of these oils was evaluated against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. A Total of 20 major chemical components were analyzed by GC-MS studies and were found to be cuminaldehyde (36.67%) and caren-10-al (21.34%) in case of cumin essential oil while p-cymene (15.54%) and thymol (15.48%) were found to be present in ajowan essential oil. Both the EOs exhibited potent antibacterial effect against most of the tested pathogens. Furthermore, cumin and ajowan EOs demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi with an inhibition zone diameter of 54 and 60 mm respectively with identical MIC value of 12.5 µl/ml. Ajowan EO was found to exhibit wide spectrum activity against both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms when compared with cumin. Both the essential oils were more potent than standard antibiotic chloramphenicol except cumin against Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. Antioxidant activity of cumin was weaker (12.36%) and ajowan was stronger (71.68%) than standard ascorbic acid (20.24%) at 1000 µg/ml concentration when assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Our study suggests that spice essential oils have significant potential in controlling the human and foodborne pathogens.
Mycorrhizal population on various cropping systems on sandy soil in dryland area of North Lombok, Indonesia WAHYU ASTIKO; MUHAMMAD TAUFIK FAUZI; SUKARTONO SUKARTONO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080112

Abstract

Abstract. Astiko W, Fauzi MT, Sukartono. 2016. Mycorrhizal population on various cropping systems on sandy soil in dryland area of North Lombok, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 66-70. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on maize in sandy soil is expected to have positive implications for the improvement of AMF population and nutrient uptake. However, how many increases in the AMF population and nutrient uptake in the second cycle of a certain cropping system commonly cultivated by the farmers after growing their corn crop have not been examined. Since different cropping systems would indicate different increases in the populations of AMF and nutrient uptake. This study aimed to determine the population AMF and nutrient uptake on the second cropping cycle of corn-based cropping systems which utilized indigenous mycorrhizal fungi on sandy soil in dryland area of North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. For that purpose, an experiment was conducted at the Akar-Akar Village in Bayan Sub-district of North Lombok, designed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design, with four replications and six treatments of cropping cycles (P0 = corn-soybean as a control, in which the corn plants were not inoculated with AMF; P1 = corn-soybean, P2 = corn-peanut, P3 = corn-upland rice, P4 = corn-sorghum, and P5 = corn-corn, in which the first cycle corn plants were inoculated with AMF). The results indicated that the mycorrhizal populations (spore number and infection percentage) were highest in the second cycle sorghum, achieving 335% and 226% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control. Increased uptake of N, P, K and Ca the sorghum plants at 60 DAS of the second cropping cycle reached 200%; 550%; 120% and 490% higher than in the control. The soil used in this experiment is rough-textured (sandy loam), so it is relatively low in water holding capacity and high porosity.
Species diversity of Polychaete in coral reef ecosystem of Great Nicobar Island, India V. SEKAR; R. RAJASEKARAN; V. SACHITHANANDAM; R. SANKAR; R. SRIDHAR; PAUL W. KINGSLEY
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080113

Abstract

Abstract. Sekar V Rajasekaran R, Sachithanandam V, Sankar R, Sridhar R, Kingsley PW. 2016. Species diversity of Polychaete in coral reef ecosystem of Great Nicobar Island, India. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 71-76. Cryptofauna inhabiting the shelves of the coral reefs in Great Nicobar Islands are affected by bio-erosion caused by grazing and boring of organisms, hence present study revealed on two major components the opportunistic and true borers. Samples were collected from four stations from three different coral types (live coral, highly degraded & rubble) of the Great Nicobar Islands. Of the total 401 individuals of Polychaetes collected from various sites 8 taxonomic species namely Terebella ehrenbergi, Idanthyrsus pennatus, Lysidice ninetta, L. collaris, Pseudonereis variegata, Perinereis cultrifera, P. nigropunctata, Eurythoe complanata were identified from the aforementioned three coral type sources. Among these P. variegata and L. collaris which accounted for 32.01% and 28.5% respectively, were the most dominant cryptic groups; whereas I. pennatus and T. ehrenbergi were the least records in all three habitats which accounted for 1.75%. In this study, the observations revealed that degraded corals were found in greater abundance than rubble and live corals. The species composition was observed maximum in Laxmi Nagar due to the availability of degraded coral patches than other stations. The study to evaluates the baseline knowledge of the coral inhabiting Polychaete distribution, it would be a pathway for forthcoming researchers on particular group taxonomy, and towards better understanding and utilization of coral reef ecosystem of the Great Nicobar Islands.
Short Communication: In vitro response of papaya (Carica papaya) to plant growth regulators JAIME A. TEIXEIRA DA SILVA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080114

Abstract

Abstract. Teixeira da Silva JA. 2016. In vitro response of papaya (Carica papaya) to multiple plant growth regulators. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 77-82. The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in papaya (Carica papaya L.) tissue culture is essential for tissue and organ culture in vitro. In this study, in a bid to expand the information available on the response to PGRs, a wide range of PGRs, roughly divided into four groups (auxins, cytokinins, alternative PGRs, growth inhibitors, and retardants) was tested. Among them, the auxins 2,4-D, dicamba, and picloram formed most callus (hard and soft). Callus inductions by chitosan and coconut water are novel results for papaya. Shoots only formed in response to BA and TDZ, but TDZ-induced shoots were fascinated and/or hyperhydric. These results provide novel perspectives for papaya researchers who may have recalcitrant genotypes or tissues that are unresponsive in vitro.
Evaluation of yield and yield components of lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta) grown in thin layer soilless systems DRAGAN ZNIDARCIC
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080116

Abstract

Abstract. Znidarcic D. 2016. Evaluation of yield and yield components of lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta) grown in thin layer soilless systems. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 89-93. Growth and development of lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) have been studied on thin layer soilless systems in plastic greenhouse on the Laboratory field of Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana. The trial lasted from 23rd of February till 10th of March 2016. The experiment was included cultivar 'Ljubljanski'. Four different substrates have been used: expanded clay aggregate, perlite, vermiculite, and peat. Seedlings were transplanted at distance of 10x10 cm. At the harvest the following parameters were measured: leaves fresh and dry yield, plant height, number of leaves per plant and the nitrate-N content in leaves. The overall effect of the type of substrate on lamb's lettuce growth and yield in the present experiment suggests that the examined materials are suitable substrates for lamb's lettuce soilless cultivation production. The outcomes of the research point to the fact that the lamb's lettuce in perlite treatments brings greater fresh yields compared to the other inert substrates. On the other hand, peat produced higher leaf dry mass as compared to other substrates. A quantitative analysis of the nitrate-N content in leaves showed that the peat is the most effective substrate in terms of low plant nitrate concentration.
Relationship between soil texture and soil organic matter content on mined-out lands in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia WAHJUNI HARTATI; TRIYONO SUDARMADJI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080115

Abstract

Abstract. Hartati, Sudarmadji T. 2016. Relationship between soil texture and soil organic matter content on mined-out lands in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 83-88. Post open pit mining may in most cases leave unarable and degraded lands due to heavy soil disturbances and therefore reclamation efforts of such area should be addressed on the revitalization of the soil functions for plant growth. The capability of tropical humid soils, including post open pit mining soils, to support plant growth is largely determined by their organic matter content-nutrient pool, soil aggregation, microbial activity, etc. However, soil organic matter content is, to large extent, governed by the soil clay content which is most likely permanent. This may imply that the soil texture couple with soil organic matter content could be a sound measurement to assess the recovery stages of the mined-out lands in term of soil functions for plant growth. This research was conducted in three sites of reclamation area in Berau, East Kalimantan. Soil texture varied from moderately fine (35-40% clay) to fine (40-50% clay) and very fine (>50% clay) for the BMO, SMO and LMO sites respectively. Soil clay eluviations were found in both of SMO (8 years old revegetation) and BMO (>12 years old revegetation) sites but not in LMO site. Soil organic matter content ranged from very low (<1%) to low (1-2%) and gradually increases in line with the increase of soil clay contents. For the soils with 35-50% clay contents (SMO and BMO sites), the top 30 cm depth soil organic matter content is to some extent controlled by the soil clay contents. Clay eluviations might be used as indicators of soil pedogenic were found in moderately fine to fine soil texture. Each process occurs at >12 and 8 years old revegetation when the organic matter content reaching its maximum. The very fine soil texture does not show clay eluviations process until > 12 years old revegetation even containing the highest organic C content and reaches its maximum at 8-10 years old revegetation.
The effects of physical and hormonal treatments on dormancy breaking and the changes in seed coat ultrastructure of Delonix regia SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN; SANTOSA SANTOSA; KUMALA DEWI; RARASTOETI PRATIWI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080117

Abstract

Abstract. Solichatun, Santosa, Dewi K, Pratiwi R. 2016. The effects of physical and hormonal treatments on dormancy breaking and the changes in seed coat ultrastructure of Delonix regia. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 94-102. The seed dormancy is described as the inability of an intact viable seed to complete germination under favorable conditions. Delonix regia (Hook) Raf. also known as flamboyant is a member of Fabaceae that has seed dormancy. Every seed has a different structure in their seed coat that responsible for initiating imbibition of water due to dormancy breakdown and germination. The aims of this research were to investigate the effect of physical and hormonal treatment in dormancy break of flamboyant seed and to investigate the structure of seed coat on the dormancy and germination. The treatments were applied to break the dormancy of D. regia seeds were physical treatments and hormonal treatments (ABA, BAP, GA, and IBA). Morphological and anatomical changes during dormancy breakdown were investigated using scanning electron microscope. The imbibition pathway tracked using blocking experiment. The results indicated that physical treatment that seeds dipped in hot water (98oC) for 5 minutes was the most effective treatment to dormancy breakdown of flamboyant seeds (95%). The application of GA3 100 ppm results in the highest of germination percentage (22%) among other hormones. The result of blocking experiment showed that hilum and lens play an important role during imbibition processes; and the type of flamboyant seed water gap was the lens gap type.
Morphological study of some Euphorbia taxa in Iran SEYED MEHDI TALEBI; MITRA NOORI; SOMAYEH SHOJAEI DAVIJANI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080118

Abstract

Abstract. Talebi SM, Noori M, Davijani SS. 2016. Morphological study of some Euphorbia taxa in Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 103-110. Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) has nearly 2000 species and great morphological diversity present between its members. For this reason, species of this genus are classified into different infrageneric ranks. In the present study, morphological characteristics of fifteen taxa of this genus were examined in Iran. Thirty one qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics from the vegetative and reproductive or­gans of the studied taxa were examined. ANOVA test showed significant variations for all of studied quantitative features. PCA-biplot of the studied traits confirmed that some of them were very useful for identification of the treated taxa. In addition, the obtained results did not confirm species classifications in sections/subsections according to Flora Iranica as well as Flora of Turkey and proved high morphological variations between these species; therefore traditional classification of species in subsection must be changed and our results confirmed previous molecular studies.
Phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial activity of the leaf of red meranti, Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) SUDRAJAT SUDARAJAT; DWI SUSANTO; RUDI KARTIKA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080119

Abstract

Abstract. Sudrajat, Susanto D, Kartika R. 2016. Phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial activity of the leaf of red meranti, Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae). Nusantara Bioscience 8: 111-116. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of the total ethanolic extract and its fractions of red meranti (Shorea leprosula) leaf against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The ethanolic extract and its fractions were subjected to antibacterial assay using well diffusion technique. Column chromatography was used to purify the active compounds from the mixture, while GC/MS was used to identify the phytocomponents of the fractions. The GC/MS study demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds were 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (65.77%), eicosanoic acid (9.82%), 2-pentadecenone (6.53%), tricosane (5.86%) and hexanedioic acid (4.13%). The result showed that the inhibition zone diameters of the ethanolic extracts ranged from 15.56-16.44 mm against S. aureus, and 15.37-16.56 mm for E. coli, respectively. The total ethanolic extract from red meranti leaf showed a strong category of antibacterial properties against both types of bacteria which were equivalent to antibiotic chloramphenicol. While, the fractions extracts showed that antibacterial activity was lower than total ethanolic extract against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. The results obtained from this study justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and provide leads which could be further exploited for the development of new and potent antibacterial.
Methanolic extracts ofthreeweeds as botanical fungicides to controlpeanut rust disease ERIYANTO YUSNAWAN; ALFI INAYATI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080120

Abstract

Abstract. Yusnawan E, Inayati A. 2016. Methanolic extracts of three weeds as botanical fungicides to control peanut rust disease. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 117-122. Rust disease caused by Puccinia arachidis is one of the most important diseases on peanuts. Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides L.), spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.), and coco-grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) had the ability to inhibit plant pathogens. The aim of the research was to obtain the weed extracts effective to control peanut rust disease. The three weeds were ground to obtain fine particles, macerated in methanol for 18 h and evaporated the solvent using vacuum rotary evaporator. Methanolic crude extracts obtained from ageratum, coco-grass, and spiny amaranth at concentrations of 0.1%, 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% were applied to the uredospores and peanut plants infected with the pathogen. Applications of 5% ageratum and 5% coco-grass extracts suppressed the spore germinations by 78 to 80% and 76 to 80%, respectively. Disease intensities on Kancil cultivar treated with 5% crude extract of ageratum were 18 to 22% and 29 to 31% after three and four times of extract applications. Disease intensities on untreated plants were 30 to 32% and 43 to 46%, whereas the chemical application suppressed the disease intensities up to 16 to 18% and 15 to 17% at the same time of observation. Preliminary phytochemical screenings showed that the methanolic extract of ageratum contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. Crude extract of 5% ageratum was effective to control rust disease on peanuts, therefore, could be used as an alternative control agent to suppress the disease.

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