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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Classification of forest vegetation in Yaraligöz Education and Observation Forest, Kastamonu, Türkiye MUSTAFA KARAKÖSE; SALIH TERZIOĞLU
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150204

Abstract

Abstract. Karaköse M, Terzioglu S. 2023. Classification of forest vegetation in Yaraligöz Education and Observation Forest, Kastamonu, Türkiye. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 161-171. Forest ecosystems, which contain approximately half of the 12,975 plant taxa known to be distributed in Türkiye, are very important in terms of biological diversity. The fact that forests are seen as wood-producing ecosystems and have been planned for these purposes for many years has resulted in forests being kept away from being evaluated in terms of ecosystem and socio-economic aspects. Today, forest management plans have begun to be prepared in which all components of the forest are considered, and biological diversity is reflected. Based on this understanding, this investigation was performed during 2011-2012 to analyze the forest vegetation of Yaraligöz Education and Observation Forest. The study area is located in the north-western part of Türkiye within the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region. Phytosociological studies were carried out using the classical Braun-Blanquet approach, and 51 relevés were collected from the research area. The database contains 184 vascular plant taxa, dominated by the Euro-Siberian elements and Hemicryptophytes. The relevés were classified using the Modified TWINSPAN, and the forest vegetation types' distribution was analyzed using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling. A comprehensive comparison among all described syntaxa within the study area and other closely related forests was provided. Topographic factors and mean Ellenberg indicator values were evaluated to interpret the ecological relationships among forest plant associations. Four associations, two (Daphno pontica-Pinetum hamatae and Galio rotundifolii-Abietum equi-trojani) of which are new syntaxa to science, were defined as belonging to the Euxine Province within Erico-Pinetea, Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae, Quercetea pubescentis, and Vaccinio-Piceetea. The distribution of these four forest associations was mostly affected by light intensity, nutrients, moisture content, and altitude. The results of this vegetation study provided precious knowledge for monitoring vegetation change and nature conservation projects in the Yaraligöz.
Habitat characteristics, population structure, distribution, and regeneration status of Taxus wallichiana in South Vietnam NGUYEN VAN HOP; CHEN CHANG XIONG; NGUYEN VAN QUY; NGUYEN THI LUONG
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150206

Abstract

Abstract. Hop NV, Xiong CC, Quy NV, Luong NT. 2023. Habitat characteristics, population structure, distribution, and regeneration status of Taxus wallichiana in South Vietnam. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 179-188. Taxus wallichiana Zucc. is an endangered plant species with high economic value, making it threatened to extinction. Biological information about this species is therefore essential for its conservation. This study is aimed to assess the habitat characteristics, population structure, distribution, and regeneration status of T. wallichiana in South Vietnam. Vegetation surveys were conducted from 2016 to 2021 in three regions in Lam Dong Province. The study revealed that it was distributed in regions with monsoon climate with a total extent of ??379.57 ha, with habitats located on the hillside, narrow shelves, dissected terrain, high slope, on feralite soil with light brown to yellow, red, the soil layer thickness over 0.3 m and in clusters or streaks. The study recorded 634 trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH)?25 cm and 137 trees with 6 cm ?DBH<25 cm. The trees were found primarily at 1401-1500 m above sea level in a mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest. The growth indicators of DBH and overall height (Hvn) developed strongly, but the stand volume was low owing to low tree density. The exponential function was the most suitable for simulating the relationship between Hvn and DBH. Seven thousand six hundred and seventy-three regenerating young individuals were recorded with low density. The density of the regenerating trees decreased as the tree height increased. The finding of this study suggests that T. wallichiana faces the danger of extinction, so solutions are required to conserve and develop this threatened species.
The link of socioeconomic importance to the conservation status of the Mediterranean endemic plants in Egypt KAMAL SHALTOUT; HEBA BEDAIR; MOHAMED MAHMOUD EL-KHALAFY; AMR KESHTA; MARWA W. A. HALMY
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150207

Abstract

Abstract. Shaltout K, Bedair H, El-Khalafy MM, Keshta A, Halmy MWA. 2023. The link of socioeconomic importance to the conservation status of the Mediterranean endemic plants in Egypt. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 189-211. Mediterranean Basin is the second world's richest hotspot and one of the most critical spots on the planet for endemic species. Therefore, the present study aimed at screening the Mediterranean endemics and evaluating the uses of recorded taxa quantitively through developing new indices and updating the existing ones. Indeed, Semi-structured interviews were used with 43 informants. Relative Cultural Importance (RCI), Species Conservation Importance (SCI), and Relative Medicinal Importance (RMI) indices were applied to determine the most valuable taxa. A preliminary list of 65 Mediterranean endemic species belonging to 49 genera and 22 families in Egypt was compiled from the available literature. Fifty-seven (87.7%) species have at least one aspect of the potential or actual economic value. The most represented use category was the medicinal value (39 taxa: 69.6%). Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. was mentioned in the highest use categories (NU: 5). Veronica syriaca Roem. & Schult. attained the maximum ethnobotanical Relative Importance (RI) index value. It is crucial to shed light on the cultural value of Mediterranean endemics to guide future management planning to support the conservation and sustainable use of these critical species.
Optimization of L-asparaginase production from endophytic bacteria isolated from the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata ARIN NAFISATURRAHMAH; ARI SUSILOWATI; ARTINI PANGASTUTI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150215

Abstract

Abstract. Nafisaturrahmah A, Susilowati A, Pangastuti A. 2023. Optimization of L-asparaginase production from endophytic bacteria isolated from the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 279-287. L-asparaginase is an enzyme that hydrolyes L-asparaginase to L-aspartate and ammonia. L-asparaginase has the potential to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other malignant cancers. So far, purified L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli and Erwinea chrysanthemi has been available and applied clinically in humans. However, this treatment has side effects such as allergy, cross-interaction, immune system stimulation, drug resistance, and nonspecific L-glutaminase activity. These side effects can be overcome by discovering new sources of L-asparaginase, which are serologically different but have similar therapeutic effects. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions of endophytic bacterial culture in producing L-asparaginase. Endophytic bacteria were screened using an M9 medium with asparagine as a substrate; the L-asparaginase-producing isolates showed pink zones around the colonies. Optimization of L-aparaginase production by endophytic bacteria is carried out by One Factor at A Time (OFAT). Optimization of enzyme production includes incubation time, temperature, pH, ammonium sulfate levels, and glucose concentration in the bacterial growth medium; determination of enzyme production by Nesslerization method. The results showed that 8 isolates could produce high L-asparaginase, 14 isolates had medium ability, 30 isolates had low ability, and 2 bacterial isolates did not produce L-asparaginase. Endophytic isolates were able to produce the highest L-Aparaginase under different optimal conditions. The optimal incubation time for endophytic isolates in this study was 60-84 hours, the optimal temperature was 37ºC, the optimal pH was 7, the nitrogen content was 0.25 mg/L, and the optimal glucose level was 3%.
The initial complete chloroplast genome of Ludisia discolor in Vietnam Viet The Ho; MINH PHUONG NGUYEN; THI HUONG TRINH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150209

Abstract

Abstract. Ho VT, Nguyen MP, Trinh TH. 2023. The initial complete chloroplast genome of Ludisia discolor (Orchidaceae) in Vietnam. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 232-237. Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Blume is traditionally utilized as an effective herb to treat various diseases. Due to its high medicinal value, this herb has been overharvested and faces extinction in a wild population. Morphological characterization to DNA barcode-based techniques are applied to accurately identify this plant for conservation and breeding purposes; nevertheless, they show limitations. This study aimed to characterize complete chloroplast (cp) sequences for effectiveness in plant species' classification and phylogenetic analysis. The cp genome of L. discolor collected from Vietnam was initially sequenced, annotated, and compared with published cp genomes from NCBI GenBank to understand its genetic makeup better. The results reveal that the complete cp genome of L. discolor is 159,043 bp, consisting of 96 protein-coding genes, 12 rRNA, and 33 tRNA genes. Moreover, 53 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were detected in this genome, most of which are polyA and polyT. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed a significant distance between the cp genomes of L. discolor from Vietnam with other L. discolor accessions from China. These findings could provide valuable insights into the taxonomy, plant identification, breeding, protection, and conservation programs of L. discolor in Vietnam.
Avifaunal diversity of Northwestern Himalayas (Jammu and Kashmir) and Trans Himalayas (Ladakh) of India PARVAIZ YOUSUF; SEMRAN PARVAIZ; NISHEET ZEHBI; SABIA ALTAF; BILAL NASIR ZARGAR; ROUF RATHER; JAVEED TANTRAY; MOHAMMAD LATEEF
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150208

Abstract

Abstract. Yousuf P, Parvaiz S, Zehbi N, Altaf S, Zargar BN, Rather R, Tantray J, Lateef M. 2023. Avifaunal diversity of Northwestern Himalayas (Jammu and Kashmir) and Trans Himalayas (Ladakh) of India. Biodiversitas 24: 212-231. The Himalayas are home to various plants and animals, making it one of the world's most biodiverse regions. The northwestern Himalayan region of the trans-Himalayan Region of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir, India are home to various bird species due to varied topography and temperature. In this study, we collected the checklists and field data for 3 years based on compiling data from published and unpublished scientific literature, print and electronic, currently accessible in research articles, papers, books, websites, web pages, and field notes. The trans-Himalayas (Ladakh) and Northwestern Himalayas (Jammu and Kashmir) are home to 677 bird species, which belong to 89 families; there are approximately 107 families in the Indian sub-continent, equals to 6.77% of total bird species (>10,000) found globally and 49.2% of total bird species (1,376) in the Indian subcontinent. The family Muscicapidae (53 or 7.8%) has the most species, followed by Accipitridae (41 or 6%), and so on. Furthermore, the threatened species number is 54 (8%), which includes 23 (3.40%), 22 (3.25%), 6 (0.8%), and 3 (0.44%) under Vulnerable, Near Threatened, Endangered, and critically Endangered categories. Moreover, among 677 species, 228 species (33.77%) are found in all the 3 regions, 77 (11.4%) in only Jammu & Kashmir but not Ladakh, 24 (3.55%) in Jammu & Ladakh but not in Kashmir, 152 (22.5%) only in Jammu but not in Kashmir & Ladakh, 80 (11.85%) in Kashmir & Ladakh but not in Jammu, 26 (3.84%) only in Kashmir but not in Jammu & Ladakh, 71 (10.51%) only in Ladakh but not in Jammu & Kashmir. This information could provide these regions first-of-its-kind comprehensive data on bird diversity.
Screening for endophytic bacteria from Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca) as biocontrol agent of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) on bananas fruit ARTINI PANGASTUTI; HESTI PRATIWI; RATNA SETYANINGSIH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150210

Abstract

Abstract. Pangastuti A, Pratiwi H, Setyaningsih R. 2023. Screening for endophytic bacteria from Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) as biocontrol agent of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) on bananas fruit. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 238-244. Post-harvest Ambon Bananas (Musa paradisiaca L.) are sensitive to anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and causes the fruit to rot quickly. Thus, chemical fungicides are employed, damaging living organisms and the environment. One solution is biocontrol using endophytic microorganisms as antagonistic agents against the anthracnose fungus that causes anthracnose disease. This study aimed to obtain potential endophytic bacteria from the Ambon Banana plant that had inhibitory activity against the growth of the pathogenic fungus C. gloeosporioides that causes anthracnose in bananas. Endophytic bacteria were recovered from Ambon Banana roots by crushing plant components. Therefore, bacterial isolates were tested for antagonistic interactions with pathogenic fungi using the dual culture approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify bacterial isolates with the most significant inhibitory potential. According to the findings of this study, seven isolates of endophytic bacteria, A2-1, A2-2, A5-2, A6-2, A6-3, A8-1, and A9-1, can limit the growth of the pathogenic fungus C. gloeosporioides. The strain A6-3, identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, exhibited the greatest potential as a biocontrol agent against the pathogenic fungus C. gloeosporioides. It achieved the highest inhibition rate of 43.59%, resulting in an extended fruit shelf life and reduced harm susceptibility.
Potential effects of fermented moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract to increase the color brightness of the Oranda goldfish (Carassius auratus) SITI UMAIYAH; ACHMAD NOERKHAERIN PUTRA; MUH. HERJAYANTO; MAS BAYU SYAMSUNARNO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150216

Abstract

Abstract. Umaiyah S, Putra AN, Herjayanto M, Syamsunarno MB. 2023. Potential effects of fermented moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract to increase the color brightness of the Oranda goldfish (Carassius auratus). Nusantara Bioscience 15: 288-296. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf extract serves as a natural reservoir of carotenoids, prominently ?-carotene, effectively employed to augment the color quality of ornamental fish. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of adding fermented moringa leaf extract to feed to enhance the color vibrancy of Oranda goldfish (Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)). Moringa leaves were also fermented using Aspergillus niger Tiegh. at a dosage of 0.5 g/100 g for 48 hours, followed by extraction using 70% ethanol. Four doses of fermented moringa leaf extract (0, 40, 50, 60 mL/kg) with three replications were added to a commercial feed using the coating method. The results showed that the carotene in fermented moringa leaf extract is 94.22 ppm/50 mL. Adding moringa leaf extract to the feed enhanced the Oranda goldfish's brightness and color diversity. The addition of fermented moringa leaf extract at a dose of 60 mL/kg led to the highest color diversity values on the body (57.81%), caudal (71.71%), and head (71.13%) compared to other treatments. Moringa leaf extract did not affect growth rate, survival, blood profile, and water quality parameters for maintaining Oranda goldfish. The extract from A. niger had the potential to be used in the cultivation of Oranda goldfish, and the addition of 60 mL/kg achieved the best color brightness and diversity.
Foliar salicylic acid application to enhance the morphophysiology of Basella alba and Basella alba var. cordifolia under water deficit stress ANNIS WATURROIDAH AYUNINGTIAS; SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN; ARTINI PANGASTUTI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160112

Abstract

Abstract. Ayuningtias AW, Solichatun, Pangastuti A. 2024. Foliar salicylic acid application to enhance the morphophysiology of Basella alba and Basella alba var. cordifolia under water deficit stress. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 96-103. Global climate change and increasing temperatures are becoming problems in the cultivation of medicinal plants such as Basella alba L. and Basella alba var. cordifolia (Lam.) M.R.Almeida. Foliar salicylic acid on leaves increases growth and productivity in medicinal cultivation. This study aims to determine the exogenous application of salicylic acid to increase the morphophysiology measurement in B. alba and B. alba var. cordifolia under water deficit stress. The study was carried out using a two-factor, completely randomized design consisting of salicylic acid concentration (0, 2, and 6 mM) and water deficit stress (100% (control), 75% field capacity (light stress), 50% wide field capacity (medium stress) and 25% field capacity (heavy stress). The observation results included morphophysiology. The best result on dry weight for B. alba was followed by SA 0mM+Medium stress with 5.45 g; in B. alba var. cordifolia was followed by SA 0mM+ Heavy stress with 3.09 g. Fresh weight for B. alba was followed by SA 4mM+ Heavy stress with 35.95 g, and B. alba var. cordifolia was followed by SA 0mM+ Heavy stress with 35.66 g. The shoot-to-root ratios in B. alba and B. alba var. cordifolia were followed by SA 2mM+Medium stress with 0.93 and 0.99, respectively. Quercetin in B. alba was followed by SA 4mM+ Heavy stress with 2.88% w/w, and B. alba var. cordifolia was followed by SA 6mM+Medium stress with 1.93% w/w. The gallic acid in B. alba and B. alba var. cordifolia was followed by SA 6mM+Medium stress with 10.21% w/w and 9.44% w/w. Prolin in B. alba and B. alba var. cordifolia was followed by SA 6mM+Medium stress with 8.74 and 9.73 µmol/gram wet weight. This study concluded that foliar salicylic acid application enhanced the morphophysiology, including growth, secondary metabolites, and proline accumulation of B. alba and B. alba var. cordifolia under water deficit stress.
Antioxidant activity of invasive species Solanum jamaicense NIA YULIANI; RIDWAN RACHMADI; ADE AYU OKSARI; IRVAN FADLI WANDA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160107

Abstract

Abstract. Yuliani N, Rachmadi R, Oksari AA, Wanda IF. 2024. Antioxidant activity of invasive species Solanum jamaicense. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 54-61. Solanum jamaicense Mill. belongs to the Solanaceae family and is categorized as an invasive species. The leaves of S. jamaicense own some of these compounds, which are known to contain several compounds, including phenolics, coumarins, and flavonoids, which have the potential to be a source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of the leaves of S. jamaicense. Phytochemical testing includes tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. The total phenolic content was tested using tannic acid as a comparison by spectrophotometry. They tested the antioxidant activity of S. jamaicense leaf extract by using spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity of the extract is expressed in the value of 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC50). Based on the results of the phytochemical test, the ethanol extract of S. jamaicense leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The research showed that the total phenolic content was 59.953 mg.g-1 of the extract, and the antioxidant activity was intense, with an IC50 value of 10.41 mg.L-1 (active). S. jamaicense leaves ethanol extract has the potential as a source of natural antioxidants.

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