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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Determination of volatile oil compounds and antioxidant activities of some Cirsium taxa grown in Türkiye ÖZLEM SARAL; MUSTAFA KARAKÖSE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160108

Abstract

Abstract. Saral Ö, Karaköse M. 2024. Determination of volatile oil compounds and antioxidant activities of some Cirsium taxa grown in Türkiye. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 62-67. Several Cirsium taxa are commonly used as a folk remedy or food in Anatolia and some countries. The study aims to determine the volatile oil profile and antioxidant activity of endemic Cirsium trachylepis Boiss., Cirsium echinus Hand.-Mazz., and Cirsium osseticum Petr. subsp. osseticum. The volatile oil compounds of three Cirsium species were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME). Additionally, total phenolic content was measured, and antioxidant activity capacity was determined by FRAP and DPPH• analyses in three Cirsium taxa methanolic extracts. A total of 32 (87.89%), 25 (88.69%), and 27 (80.68%) volatile compounds were identified from C. trachylepis, C. osseticum subsp. osseticum, and C. echinus, respectively. Pentadecanolide was the major volatile oil in three Cirsium species and was first reported in Cirsium taxa in this study. When the fatty acid content was examined, palmitic acid was determined as the common and main fatty acid for the three Cirsium species. A comparison of the antioxidant activity of three species showed that C. echinus had the highest antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of C. echinus was found to be 250.84±0.46 mg GAE/100 g sample. While the FRAP value of C. echinus was 36.47±1.04 µmol Fe/g sample, the SC50 value was 1.89±0.05 mg/mL. This study may pave the way for the determination of volatile oils by SPME and the further development of research on Cirsium taxa.
The potency of Berastagi sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract for obesity treatment: An experimental study in male rats WINDA RIZKI PEBRINA BATUBARA; TRI NUGRAHA SUSILAWATI; DONO INDARTO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150212

Abstract

Abstract. Batubara WRP, Susilawati TN, Indarto D. 2023. The potency of Berastagi sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract for obesity treatment: A study in the rats. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 251-257. Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat and is a trigger factor for various degenerative diseases. Obese continues to grow every year in the world. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Orange Peel Extract (OPE) on Body Weight (BW), obesity index (Lee Index), Body Fat Percentage (BFP) and visceral fat in obese-model rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: controls (negative/NC given aquadest and positive/PC given orlistat 12.3 mg/kgBW/day) and interventions (OPE 1-3) given OPE 250, 500 and 750 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. All rats were fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHFr) diet for 28 days. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Friedman test with p<0.05. The average BW in all groups increased significantly after 14 and 28 days of the intervention (p=0.005). A significant decrease in the obesity index average was found in the OPE 2 and 3 groups (p=0.028 and p=0.034) compared to the NC group. The OPE 1-3 and PC group significantly decreased in average BFP compared with the NC group on the 28th day of intervention (p<0.05). In conclusion, OPE can reduce obesity induced by HFHFr. Future research could be directed to evaluate the OPE side effects for obesity treatment.
Population genetic structure of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian waters based on COI gene KHALED BINASHIKHBUBKR; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; DARLINA MD NAIM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150213

Abstract

Abstract. Binashikhbubkr K, Setyawan AD, Naim DM. 2023. Population genetic structure of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)) in Malaysian waters based on COI gene. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 258-268. Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) is widely distributed in the subtropical and tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. Still, insufficient data about its stock, management, and protection in Malaysia and nearby waters raises concerns about overfishing and depletion. Therefore, to ensure effective and successful management of a species, it is imperative to conduct a molecular-based assessment of the stock structure. The present study investigated the population genetic structure of E. affinis in Malaysian waters using the mtDNA COI gene. Furthermore, the 632 bp segment of the COI region was sequenced in 372 individuals from 19 distinct populations in Malaysian waters. The results revealed that the genetic divergence varied from low to high. The average Haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (?) were calculated to be 0.5401 and 0.0045, respectively. Examining haplotype distribution unveiled the presence of 22 unique haplotypes within the COI gene of E. affinis. The analysis of the Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree and the Minimum Spanning Network (MSN) revealed the formation of three distinct clades among E. affinis samples. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed a significant genetic structure among the 19 populations of E. affinis [(FST = 0.5354 (P < 0.05)]. The neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis indicated that the specimens underwent a period of population expansion. This study is a significant milestone, providing the first comprehensive documentation of the genetic structure of E. affinis in Malaysia.
Seed viability assessment of Campolay fruits (Lucuma campechiana) across varying weights and storage periods AULIA HASAN WIDJAYA; DIAN LATIFAH; ENGGAL PRIMANANDA; RIZMOON NURUL ZULKARNAEN; ARIFAH RAHAYU
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160103

Abstract

Abstract. Widjaya AH, Latifah D, Primananda E, Zulkarnaen RN, Rahayu A. 2024. Seed viability assessment of Campolay fruits (Lucuma campechiana) across varying weights and storage periods. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 23-28. Campolay (Lucuma campechiana Kunth), a locally cultivated fruit in West Java, Indonesia, has become popular in gardens and yards, although its trading activity remains relatively limited. The methods used for propagating this fruit include seeds, grafting, and layering. However, hard and impermeable seed coats present a challenge in germination. This research aims to investigate the impact of seed weight and storage duration on the viability of Campolay seeds. This will be done by employing a factorial, completely randomized design. The study will examine various variables related to germination, including total germination, germination rate, simultaneity, time to achieve 50% germination, time to first germination, and time to final germination. Although these factors do not significantly affect total germination, it was observed that seeds stored for longer periods, up to 6 weeks, exhibited higher germination rates and faster germination times. Interestingly, the seeds' weight did not impact germination, and there was no interaction between the duration of storage and the seed weight. The overall capacity for seed germination ranged from 92% to 97%. These findings indicate that storing Campolay seeds in moist sawdust under dark conditions can delay germination, which ensures a more consistent and uniform sprouting process. Moreover, this approach can also aid in the transportation of the seeds and support programs aimed at conserving plant germplasm.
Comparative study of root characteristics revealed distinctive responses between Moroberekan and MR297 rice varieties subjected to drought stress MOHD FAUZIHAN KARIM; NUR HAMIZATUN NABILAH TAJUDIN; SITI AISAH SALMIN; NUR FARAH SUHADA MOHD ROSELY; NUR NAZIFAH SAIMI; CHE NURUL AINI CHE AMRI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160104

Abstract

Abstract. Karim MF, Tajudin NHN, Salmin SA, Rosely NFSM, Saimi NN, Amri CNAC. 2024. Comparative study of root characteristics revealed distinctive responses between Moroberekan and MR297 rice varieties subjected to drought stress. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 29-36. In light of the growing concern over climate change, it is crucial to comprehend how the rice plant, Oryza sativa L., responds to various environmental stress, particularly prolonged drought. This study investigated the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the roots of rice plants following a continuous drought on two selected varieties: MR297, known to produce a high yield but is highly sensitive to low water potential, and Moroberekan, known to be drought tolerant. The drought treatment was initiated on day 24 after sowing and continued for seven days or until any plant exhibited curled leaves. There was no significant difference in root length between the two varieties, but MR297 had substantially lower fresh and root dry weights (32.5% and 40%, respectively) than Moroberekan under drought stress. Drought also significantly affected root electrolyte leakage and MDA content, especially in MR297 compared to Moroberekan. Meanwhile, root anatomy studies have revealed differences between the control and drought treatments. While the root diameter of the control plants was greater, their aerenchyma cells were less developed than those of the drought-induced plants, which had a higher ratio of aerenchyma cells per sectioned area. The number of metaxylem was reduced by drought, but the effect was more pronounced in MR297 than in Moroberekan. This study provides evidence of the impact of drought on both Moroberekan and MR297, as observed through their root morpho-physiology and anatomical structure.
Morphometric variations of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian and Yemeni waters KHALED BINASHIKHBUBKR; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; DARLINA MD NAIM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150214

Abstract

Abstract. Binashikhbubkr K, Setyawan AD, Naim DM. 2023. Morphometric variations of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian and Yemeni waters. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 269-278. Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849 (Kawakawa), a small epipelagic tuna that migrates, is one of the most commercially significant tunas in Indo-Pacific subtropical and tropical waters. Unfortunately, there is a lack of knowledge on the region's stock structure and management of the particular migratory species. The present investigation aimed to distinguish body shape differences among 20 populations of E. affinis across Malaysian and Yemen coastal waters. A total of 416 specimens of E. affinis were sampled from five central geographic regions: the South China Sea, Straits of Malacca, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and the Arabian Sea. Multivariate analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), and Cluster Analysis (CA) of 12 morphometric variables, were conducted to differentiate 20 populations of E. affinis. The findings revealed significant differences in the body form among 20 populations. Morphological homogeneity was observed among populations from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak). As expected, Yemen's (Mukalla City) populations were clearly segregated and formed a separate cluster. The highest percentage of correctly classified specimens (100%) came from populations in Pulau Tenggol (Terengganu) and Kukup (Johor). In contrast, the highest percentage of misclassified specimens (100%) came from populations in Kota Kinabalu (Sabah), Bintawa (Sarawak), Lumut (Perak), and Endau (Johor). Based on the Mahalanobis distances, hierarchical cluster analyses revealed that 20 populations of E. affinis could be clustered into three distinct groups. This is the first report on E. affinis from Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysian Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak), and the waters of Yemen using morphometric techniques.
Floral nectar secretion dynamics of Pavonia urens (Malvaceae) and honey production potential TURA BAREKE; ADMASSU ADDI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160111

Abstract

Abstract. Bareke T, Addi A. 2024. Floral nectar secretion dynamics of Pavonia urens (Malvaceae) and honey production potential. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 89-95. The honey production potential of honey plant is estimated using the total floral nectar secretion potential of the plant foraged by honeybees within a given location. The current study aimed to determine the floral nectar secretion dynamics of Pavonia urens Cav. in addition to estimating the potential amount of honey that can be produced thereof. Nectar volume (using micropipette), nectar concentration (using digital refractometer), temperature, and humidity (using thermo hygrometer) were measured at 3 h intervals. Nectar volume and concentration differed significantly at different time points throughout the day. Also, nectar volume and concentration differed annually. There was a positive correlation between nectar volume and humidity as well as between temperature and nectar concentration. The mean nectar volume per 24 hours of P. urens was 7.23±0.43 µL. Individual flowers continuously secreted nectar for about 10 days throughout flower life. During each flowering season, an average of 823.5 mg g-1 of honey was generated per plant. Additionally, the average honey production capacity of P. urens was 35 kg ha-1. This suggests that P. urens has the capacity to produce honey; therefore, for sustainable honey production, plating and in-situ conservation of this plant are recommended.
Notes on Gerridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from the Eastern Ghats of Telangana and Northern Andhra Pradesh, India DEEPA JAISWAL; SOMESH BANERJEE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160106

Abstract

Abstract. Jaiswal D, Banerjee S. 2024. Notes on Gerridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from the Eastern Ghats of Telangana and Northern Andhra Pradesh, India. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 43-53. Gerridae is the family of semi-aquatic bugs found in both the lentic and lotic freshwater bodies. The present study focused on the Gerridae from the Eastern Ghats of Telangana and Northern Andhra Pradesh, India. This study documented a total number of 16 species belonging to 13 genera and 7 subfamilies under the family Gerridae. Tenagogonus nicobarensis Andersen, 1964, was earlier described from Andaman and Nicober islands and also known to be endemic to that particular geographical area. We are recording this species for the first time from the mainland of the Indian subcontinent. Ventidius aquarius Distant, 1910 was also recorded for the first time during this present study from the Eastern Ghats, an endemic species to peninsular India. Another species, Naboandelus signatus Distant, 1910 is also recorded from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh as well as an addition to the state fauna of Andhra Pradesh. It is a widespread species and reported from both central and northeastern India. In southern India, it was reported from the two states and present record will be the additional third state to its distribution. In addition to taxonomic details, the article covers the geographic distribution of the 16 species. This study has also led to the addition of nine species of Gerridae to the state fauna of Andhra Pradesh.
Metal concentrations in Silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) and its risk assessment in Malaysia SUZYELAWATI MOHD SHUKRI; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; DARLINA MD NAIM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160102

Abstract

Abstract. Shukri SM, Setyawan AD, MD Naim D. 2024. Metal concentrations in Silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) and its risk assessment in Malaysia. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 13-22. Fish consumption is one of the most important sources of protein in Malaysia. Nevertheless, anthropogenic sources release contaminants, such as metals, which have the potential to accumulate within marine organisms via the food chain. Hence, ingesting fish polluted with metals can be potentially hazardous to human health. This study aimed to ascertain the levels of metal concentrations in the edible tissues of Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) inhabiting Malaysian waters to evaluate potential health hazards associated with their use. This study examines the levels of three metals, specifically Cd, Ni, and Pb, in P. argenteus. The samples underwent microwave digestion in a closed vessel to extract metals, which were subsequently analyzed using ICP-OES. The study revealed that the quantities of metals in P. argenteus were primarily Pb, with Ni and Cd following suit. These values ranged from 0.651 mg/kg to 0.001 mg/kg when measured on a dry weight basis. Notably, the samples collected from the Straits of Malacca exhibit a greater concentration of metals than those obtained from the South China Sea region. The tolerable daily intake of P. argenteus from all populations in this study was below the FAO/WHO oral reference dose. The risk assessment results showed that all populations' target hazard quotient was below 1.0. The results indicate that exposure to the metals studied poses a low non-carcinogenic risk and is considered safe for human consumption. This research offers baseline data for evaluating food safety and developing risk management recommendations concerning P. argenteus.
Diversity and conservation status of dragonflies (Odonata) at three streams in Donomulyo Sub-district, Malang District, Indonesia MUHAMAD AZMI DWI SUSANTO; FATHURRAHMAN SIDIQ; SUFRAHA ISLAMIA; MUHAMMAD IQBAL PRATAMA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160117

Abstract

Abstract. Susanto MAD, Sidiq F, Islamia S, Pratama MI. 2024. Diversity and conservation status of dragonflies (Odonata) at three streams in Donomulyo Sub-district, Malang District, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 139-147. The aquatic environment is currently experiencing massive threats, especially from anthropogenic activities. Polluted effluent discarded in streams damages the existing ecosystems and negatively impacts various organisms. Donomulyo, a sub-district in Malang District of East Java Province, Indonesia, has many rivers and streams that are pivotal for local people and wildlife. Water quality in these aquatic bodies can be monitored using bioindicators. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are bioindicators indicating environmental change in rivers and streams. Unfortunately, there has been no data regarding Odonata in the Donomulyo streams. Hence, this research aims to determine the diversity of dragonfly species at three streams in Donomulyo and its meaning for the environmental status. The research was conducted at Sengik, Kedungceleng, and Kedungsalam streams using a Visual Encounter Survey (VES) to count individuals of each dragonfly species. This study recorded 258 individuals identified into 25 species of 4 families. Aside from Copera vittata javana (Lieftinck, 1940) which International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List status is Not Evaluated, all other dragonflies are Least Concern evaluated. The three streams studied in this research generally had moderate Odonata diversity (2.02 < H' < 2.41), indicating good habitat conditions.

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