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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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The impacts of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) plantation on soil nutrients in Southern Nigeria EMMANUEL OFUDJAYE NDAKARA; ODAFIVWOTU OHWO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140215

Abstract

Abstract. Ndakara OE, Ohwo O. 2022. The impacts of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) plantation on soil nutrients in Southern Nigeria. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 234-239. This study investigated how Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. impact on the soils within the humid rainforest ecosystem of Nigeria. The study used quasi-experimental and stratified random sampling techniques to select sampling units. Samples of soils under H. brasiliensis and rainforest (the control) were collected using an auger, and their laboratory analyses for total organic matter (TOM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), and pH were carried out using standard methods. Data generated were statistically analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, and t-test. Findings showed that the soils under rainforest have higher nutrient properties than plantations of H. brasiliensis. Soil pH values were lower under rainforest than under plantations of H. brasiliensis. While TOM, N, and K differed significantly between rainforest and H. brasiliensis at a 5% confidence level, available phosphorus and pH were insignificant at a 5% confidence level. Tree species' capability to improve soil nutrition reflects its positive impact on the ecosystem. Since soil nutrients under H. brasiliensis are lower than soil nutrients under rainforest, efficient application of organic manure is required to improve the soil nutrient status for sustainable ecosystem functioning and management of the degraded rainforest environment.
Minerals and fatty acids profile of armored catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis from Ciliwung River, Indonesia FAHMA WIJAYANTI; ADE LISDANIYAH; MAULIDATUL HASANAH; DEWI ELFIDASARI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150107

Abstract

Abstract. Wijayanti F, Lisdaniyah A, Hasanah M, Elfidasari D. 2023. Minerals and fatty acids profile of armored catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis from Ciliwung River, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 58-67. Fish is an important food source in human consumption due to its minerals and fatty acids needed for various body functions. One fish widely eaten by the people around the Ciliwung River, Indonesia is the armored catfish, Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855). It has great economic value and is easily obtained by the residents along this river. Due to its high protein content, P. pardalis is a potential source of animal protein for humans. The unavailability of information detailing the minerals content and fatty acids in P. pardalis from the Ciliwung River makes it necessary to conduct this research to analyze the fish's minerals content and fatty acid profile. Analyses of minerals, fatty acid contents, and fatty acid profiles were conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), socletation, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) methods, respectively. The mineral content of P. pardalis from the highest order was calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron, and zinc. Based on P. pardalis body size, large fish had the highest calcium concentration content, and the lowest calcium content was found in the medium fish. The fat content in this fish was very low (<1%), and the content of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) was greater than unsaturated ones. Furthermore, palmitate acid was the dominant fatty acid in the fish, while the biggest ratio of omega-6: omega-3 is fatty acids.
In silico comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences in different jewel orchid species MINH PHUONG NGUYEN; THI HUONG TRINH; THI KIM ANH NGO; SASANTI WIDIARSIH; VIET THE HO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150102

Abstract

Abstract. Nguyen MP, Trinh TH, Ngo TKA, Widiarsih S, Ho VT. 2023. In silico comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences in different jewel orchid species. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 12-21. Jewel orchid is the common name of several orchid species which can be alike in morphological characteristics but variable in medicinal properties. As these plants are utilized to treat several diseases, their natural existence in the wild habitat is rapidly diminished. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic information of this plant for better genetic conservation and development of these plants is necessary. In this study, a total of 18 published chloroplast genomes of 18 jewel orchid species determined by the next-generation sequencing method were retrieved from NCBI GenBank and targeted for genomic characterization and phylogenetic analyses. Different bioinformatics tools were utilized to characterize these genomes’ genomic structure, repetitive sequences, interspecific variation, divergence, and phylogenetic relationships. The obtained data revealed that the chloroplast genomes of different jewel orchid species varied in length between 151,414 (Anoectochilus formosanus MN880624.1) and 154,375 (Goodyera biflora OM314910.1). Each species contains 34-87 SSR loci which could be useful as molecular markers for further genetic diversity study of this plant. Structural variations in the expansion and contraction of inverted repeat regions were also considered. Phylogenetic analysis identified a close relationship among species belonging to the Goodyera genus, and this genus is distinctive from other genera such as Anoectochilus, Cystorchis, Dossinia, Ludisia, and Macodes. The obtained results show a high potential of deeper characterizing the chloroplast genome of jewel orchids for species classification, identification, molecular breeding, and evolutionary exploration of these important herbal plants.
Embryo and larvae development of Nilem Fish, Osteochilus vittatus reared in batik liquid waste GISELA HARSIWI NUGRAHESTHI; GRATIANA EKANINGSIH WIJAYANTI; AULIDYA NURUL HABIBAH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150113

Abstract

Abstract. Nugrahesthi GH, Wijayanti GE, Habibah AN. 2023. Embryo and larvae development of Nilem Fish, Osteochilus vittatus reared in batik liquid waste. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 105-112. The embryonic and larval stages are critical phases of an organism's development. For aquatic organisms, development is affected by environmental factors such as liquid waste. A batik liquid waste is a waste product of the textile industry usually streamed directly into the aquatic environment. This study aimed to observe the effects of exposure to batik liquid waste effects on developing Nilem (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) fish embryos and larvae. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design. One hundred two-celled embryos were kept in batik liquid waste with dilution concentrations of 0% (the control), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of water until the age of 4 days after hatching with five replications. The time of embryo evaluation was 60th minutes, 120th minutes, and 180th minutes after fertilization; the larval stage evaluation time was the 24th, 48th, 72nd, and 96th hour after fertilization; five embryos were evaluated for each replication. The results showed that embryo exposure to batik liquid waste affected the height of the blastoderm embryo, accumulation of waste in the chorion of the embryo, deceleration of embryonic development, increased larval abnormalities, decreased the survival rate of larvae, and acceleration of yolk absorption of fish larvae. Embryos were successfully hatched and produced larvae only in the control and 5% batik liquid waste medium. Batik liquid waste interfered with O. vittatus embryo development and generated mortality above 5%.
Multivariate discrimination of selected taxa of the Fabaceae family MAHMOUD DOGARA ABDULRAHMAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140214

Abstract

Abstract. Abdulrahman MD. 2022. Multivariate discrimination of selected taxa of the Fabaceae family. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 227-232. Nigeria is among the most interesting and diversified countries globally regarding tropical vegetation and medicinal plants. The taxonomy of the Fabaceae family is not entirely clear, to organize species into manageable groups that are helpful for taxonomical, conservational, or pharmacognostic study. This study aimed to discriminate the leaves of Dialium guineense Willd., Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr, Tamarindus indica L, Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile, Abrus precatorius L., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Erythrina senegalensis DC. and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. based on the mineral elements contents coupled with multivariate analysis. Three samples of each wild-growing species were collected. Unsupervised multivariate analysis using SIMCA-P (V.14.1, Umetrics Sweden) was employed. Five model groups were formed based on their mineral element contents. The species were fully discriminated along the PC1, accounting for 39.3% of the variation. Evidence from this study showed that a combination of mineral element analysis and chemometrics yielded a powerful classification method. Taxonomic identification of plants through biological research combined with chemometrics is an excellent method for preventing the adulteration or consumption of plants with excessive contents or harmful ingredients. However, a mix of molecular and developmental datasets is still necessary to explicitly examine their connections.
Physico-chemical, heavy metal analysis and physical composition of household solid waste, Shone Town, Ethiopia GIZACHEW BALILO; ABEBE ASCHALEW; REJILA MANIKANDAN; ARBO FEYISA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150104

Abstract

Abstract. Balilo G, Aschalew A, Manikandan R, Feyisa A. 2023. Physico-chemical, heavy metal analysis and physical composition of household solid waste, Shone Town, Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 32-37. In Ethiopia, Shone is one of the country's fast-developing towns; inadequate solid waste management was observed. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the generation rate and selected physico-chemical characterization and heavy metal analysis of household solid waste. The study was conducted on randomly selected 120 households from two Kebele of the town. The physico-chemical analysis results revealed that moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity (dS/cm), nitrogen, organic carbon, (%), phosphorus and potassium content of household solid waste were 54.6, 8.25, 2.52 (dS/cm), 2.47, 10.25, 0.54, and 0.82%, respectively. In addition, in the decomposed household solid waste samples, heavy metals such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead, and cadmium were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed the concentration of these heavy metals in the decomposed solid waste samples was in the order of iron>manganese>zinc>copper>nickel>chromium>cobalt>lead>cadmium. Daily solid waste from those households was separated into its components, and each component was measured. That was conducted for 7 consecutive days to quantify and characterize household solid waste. The result revealed that the household solid waste generation rate in the study area was 0.206 kilogram/capita/day. The physical composition of the solid waste in Shone Town is mainly organic, constituting 92.8%. The organic waste of the town has a high content of biodegradable waste such as food waste (49.56%), ash and dust (29.74%), yard waste (4.95%), textile (4.006%), old shoes and bone (2.5%), paper and cardboard (2.04%) and recyclable material such as plastic (3.28%), glass and metal (3.88%) all account for 92.8% (biodegradable) and 7.17% (non-biodegradable), respectively.
Response of various growth regulators and shade intensity to the growth of arabica coffee seedlings of Sigarar Utang variety REVANDY ISKANDAR MUDA DAMANIK; CHAIRANI HANUM; LOKO JEREMIA SEMBIRING
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150110

Abstract

Abstract. Damanik RIM, Hanum C, Sembiring LJ. 2023. Response of various growth regulators and shade intensity to the growth of arabica coffee seedlings of Sigarar Utang variety. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 85-89. The productivity of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) of the Sigarar Utang variety in Indonesia is still relatively low, especially in Simalungun District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Growth regulators and shade are some factors that must be considered in nurseries. This research aims to determine the best growth regulators type and shade intensity for Arabika coffee seedling growth. The experiment was conducted from March to June 2022 in Nagori Ujung Bawang, Simalungun District, and the Central Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra. The study used a Split Plot design of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor (main plot) consists of 4 levels, namely 0, 50, 70, and 90% shade intensity. The second factor (sub-plot) consists of the three growth regulator treatments, i.e., auxin, cytokinin, and the combination of auxin and cytokinin. The results showed that the interaction between shade intensity and growth regulators had a significantly different effect on increasing root length. The shade treatment significantly affected plant height, leaf area, and total chlorophyll content of leaves. However, it did not affect the stem diameter. A shade intensity of 90% significantly increased plant height, leaf area, and total chlorophyll content of leaves.
Secondary metabolites of rhizospheric fungal isolate Aspergillus carneus ABRF4 regulate the antibacterial and anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells MAHENDRA KUMAR SAHU; RAGINI YEERAVALLI; AMITAVA DAS; HARIT JHA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150201

Abstract

Abstract. Sahu MK, Yeeravalli R, Das A, Jha H. 2023. Secondary metabolites of rhizospheric fungal isolate Aspergillus carneus ABRF4 regulate the antibacterial and anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 137-142. The medicinal capabilities of plants are influenced by soil chemistry, genotype, and climate. Many biotic and abiotic factors affect soil composition. Microorganisms constituting the soil microflora indicate a mutualistic relationship with plant rhizospheric region, and they play an important role in plant secondary metabolite production, yield, and efficacy. They are the major resources for structurally unique bioactive natural metabolites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactivity of the secondary metabolite extracted from the rhizospheric fungal isolate Aspergillus carneus ABRF4) isolated from the Achanakmar Biosphere Reserve, Chhattisgarh, India. The fungal secondary metabolites were extracted using several solvents by soxhlet extraction techniques. The crude and partially purified column fractions of A. carneus ABRF4 were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Results showed that the acetonitrile fraction had an antimicrobial activity with the variable zone of inhibition against human pathogens such as Bacillus circulans (MTCC-7906), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-96), and Ralstonia eutropha (MTCC-2487). The crude extracts and the identified secondary metabolite, trans- 1,3-dimethyl-Cyclohexane, possess different anti-proliferative activity against human tissue-specific cancer cell lines, including breast cancer (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF-7), liver cancer (HepG2), lung cancer (A-549), and prostate cancer (DU-145) suggesting a potential therapeutic application of the isolated rhizospheric fungi.
Identification of metallothionein protein in Anodonta woodiana as a biomarker of mercury (Hg) contamination SATA YOSHIDA SRIE RAHAYU; AZAHRA FADILA; MELTA RINI FAHMI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150111

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu SYS, Fadila A, Fahmi MR. 2023. Identification of metallothionein protein in Anodonta woodiana as a biomarker of mercury (Hg) contamination. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 90-94. Heavy metal contamination can affect the survival of aquatic biota and will accumulate in the bodiesorganisms. Moreover, contamination identification at the molecular level can be analyzed using biomarker analysis. Biomarkers are responses measured individually, ranging from enzymes and xenobiotic measurements to organ and overall conditions. Biomarker analysis can be done by checking the metallothionein protein, this expression can be induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Metallothionein (MT) has a thiol group with nucleophilic properties. As a result, this group can make Metallothionein able to find metals and free radicals. Therefore, prevention that can be done to reduce contamination at a higher trophic level requires monitoring the molecular level by observing the metallothionein protein. For example, Anodonta woodiana (Rea, 1834) or kijing taiwan induced by HgCl2 aims to characterize their absorption ability in the environment through metallothionein protein. That was conducted by the SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) method. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis results showed that the size of the metallothionein protein was 7 kDa, 15 kDa, and >30 kDa. Size >30 kDa is a group of proteins related to stress control or Heat shock protein (Hsp). The presence of Hsp is due to the body increasing stress protein synthesis and metallothionein to reduce normal protein synthesis. Based on the results obtained, this study revealed that A. woodiana could absorb HgCl2, as evidenced by the metallothionein protein characterization results.
Diversity and traditional ethnozoological uses of ichthyofauna by the Bodo Tribes of Kokrajhar, Assam, Northeast India GANDOLI BASUMATARY; BICHITRA NARZARY; BRONSON KUMAR KHANGEMBAM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150106

Abstract

Abstract. Basumatary G, Narzary B, Khangembam BK. 2023. Diversity and traditional ethnozoological uses of ichthyofauna by the Bodo Tribes of Kokrajhar, Assam, Northeast India. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 49-57. Fish is an important component of ethnomedicine for treating many diseases in many tribal cultures worldwide. Traditional medicine remains the primary healthcare system in most rural populations worldwide, and ethnomedicine is the foundation of many modern-day disease management. The use of fish in traditional healthcare could be a potent source for finding new compounds with therapeutic prospects. Studies on ethnoichthyology have indicated fish as an important component for treating many diseases. However, such studies are yet to be fully documented in the northeastern states of India, especially in Kokrajhar, Assam. The Bodos are one of the largest tribal groups of Assam in Northeast India, with a rich traditional knowledge system. The study explores the traditional uses of fish for various ethnomedicinal properties and health benefits by the Bodos of Kokrajhar, Assam. The study was conducted in eight villages of Kokrajhar District from March 2019 to February 2020 through personal interviews and semi-structured questionnaires with 150 informants. Thirty-four different fish species from 20 different families were identified to be used for their health benefits and therapeutic properties. The highest number of fish species belonged to the family Cyprinidae (20.59%), followed by Channidae (11.76%) and Ambassidae (8.82%). The highest use value (0.58) and relative frequency of citation (0.37) was recorded for Heteropneustes fossilis. Anaemia, gastrointestinal and integumentary disorders, and body weakness were the most commonly mentioned ailments treated. The present study also reported some small indigenous fish species for their health benefits. The study also found some unique traditional methods for preparing and applying fish species (Xenentodon cancila, Chitala chitala, Glossogobius giuris, Leiodon cutcutia, etc.) not reported earlier. Identification and detailed study of the biochemical profile of these different species may be recommended to develop suitable alternatives to synthetic medicines. This study may be a valuable addition to the rich traditional knowledge of Northeast India.

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