Punggawa Global Research
Social Sciences and Humanities, such as sociology, political science, law, criminology, anthropology, history, philosophy, cultural studies, communication studies, linguistics, and psychology; Education and Pedagogical Studies, including curriculum development, educational technology, learning assessment, teacher education, and instructional innovation; Health and Medical Sciences, encompassing public health, nursing, nutrition, health policy, clinical studies, epidemiology, and community health; Natural and Exact Sciences, such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, environmental science, and earth sciences; Engineering and Technology, including civil, mechanical, electrical, industrial, information technology, computer science, artificial intelligence, data science, and applied engineering research; Economics, Business, and Management, covering development economics, entrepreneurship, finance, accounting, marketing, organizational studies, and public administration; Agricultural, Marine, and Fisheries Sciences, including agronomy, food science, animal science, forestry, marine science, aquaculture, and sustainable resource management; Environmental and Sustainability Studies, addressing climate change, conservation, renewable energy, and sustainable development; Applied and Community-Based Research, focusing on practical solutions, innovation, social intervention, and technology transfer; Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies, integrating perspectives from multiple scientific domains to produce comprehensive and impactful research outcomes.
Articles
21 Documents
<![CDATA[High Harmony, Low Freedom: The Measurement Paradox of Religious Moderation in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Nur]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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<![CDATA[Indonesia’s religious moderation agenda has gained strong institutional support through policy documents, educational programs, and national measurement instruments. The 2025 Religious Harmony Index recorded a high score of 77.89, suggesting that interreligious coexistence remains broadly stable. At the same time, reports on freedom of religion or belief continue to record restrictions, contested houses of worship, unequal administrative treatment, and weak protection for minority communities. Drawing on qualitative documentary research and descriptive-comparative analysis of secondary data, this study examines the gap between harmony-based measurement and rights-based evidence. The findings argue that high harmony and low freedom can coexist because they are produced through different evidentiary logics. Harmony indicators mainly capture perception, social acceptance, and cooperation, while rights-based reports record access, obstruction, actors, affected communities, and institutional responses. The measurement paradox appears when harmony is treated as a proxy for religious freedom. A more credible evaluation of religious moderation requires a paired reading of social coexistence and rights enforcement, especially where minority rights become locally contested and administratively difficult to protect.]]>
<![CDATA[Neurodiversity Awareness or Diagnostic Contagion in the Age of TikTok: A Digital Qualitative Study of ADHD Autism and Self Diagnosis Content ]]>
<![CDATA[Nabil Aflah Tajuddin]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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<![CDATA[TikTok has become a prominent site where users encounter psychological language about ADHD, autism, masking, sensory strain, executive dysfunction, and neurodivergent identity. Short-form videos can make neurodevelopmental experiences more visible and socially intelligible, especially for users whose difficulties have been dismissed, misnamed, or treated as personal failure. Yet the same accessibility can blur the boundary between self-recognition and clinical assessment. Using secondary digital qualitative content analysis, public TikTok videos were examined as communicative units composed of spoken narration, captions, on-screen text, hashtags, creator positioning, engagement indicators, and visible audience responses. The analysis found three connected patterns. First, neurodiversity content often worked as accessible psychological language by translating clinical categories into everyday experiences of work, school, family, and social interaction. Second, symptom generalisation and diagnostic cueing emerged when ordinary difficulties were framed through viewer-directed captions, checklist structures, and weak clinical qualification. Third, audience uptake shaped diagnostic meaning after publication, as comments could intensify peer validation, invite assessment-oriented inquiry, or reintroduce caution through lay correction. Diagnostic contagion is therefore better understood as a discursive pathway rather than a claim about the social spread of ADHD or autism. The findings shift attention from content accuracy alone to diagnostic usability, showing how platform form can make psychological labels emotionally persuasive and socially available before clinical uncertainty has been examined.]]>
<![CDATA[Learning About Disasters Without Reading Risk: A Critique of Geography Education in Junior Secondary Social Studies ]]>
<![CDATA[Rindi Triantika]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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<![CDATA[Disaster education in junior secondary Social Studies has become increasingly important in Indonesia, where schools operate within regions shaped by floods, earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, coastal hazards, and climate-related risks. Yet the presence of disaster topics in learning materials does not necessarily mean that students are trained to read risk geographically. This study examines how disaster risk is represented in junior secondary Social Studies materials and whether those representations support spatial risk literacy. A qualitative document-based design was used, supported by critical content analysis. The analysis found that disaster learning is mainly organised around conceptual recognition, general preparedness, and national disaster awareness. Hazard recognition receives clearer treatment than exposure, vulnerability, local capacity, and the spatial relations that explain unequal risk. Maps, images, and public risk information appear in the materials, but they are not consistently used as resources for geographical inquiry. Local space often remains illustrative rather than analytical. The findings suggest that stronger disaster education does not require adding more content, but changing how existing materials work. Definitions, maps, and risk data can support students in connecting classroom knowledge with school surroundings, neighbourhood routines, and local constraints.]]>
<![CDATA[Purpose Fatigue in Modern Organizations and the Declining Credibility of Corporate Value Claims in Stakeholder-Facing Communication ]]>
<![CDATA[Muthiah Ariqah Mutmainnah Syam]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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<![CDATA[Corporate purpose has become a central language of contemporary management, yet its growing visibility does not always strengthen strategic credibility. This study develops the concept of purpose fatigue to explain how corporate value claims can lose persuasive force even when they remain formally acceptable and are not clearly deceptive. Purpose fatigue refers to a gradual decline in credibility that emerges when purpose language becomes intensive, repetitive, semantically similar across firms, and weakly supported by observable organizational action. Using a secondary-data research design, the study proposes a firm-year analysis of annual reports, sustainability reports, chief executive letters, corporate values pages, employee reviews, and business media coverage. Computational content analysis is used to assess purpose intensity, textual repetition, and semantic genericness, while employee sentiment and media tone provide stakeholder-facing indicators of strategic credibility. Purpose-action support is treated as a moderating condition that changes the meaning of value communication. Purpose language may remain credible when attached to traceable decisions, measurable commitments, or reported organizational movement, but the same language may become tiring when stakeholders find little evidence behind repeated claims. The study contributes to management research by moving the debate on corporate purpose beyond the usual opposition between authentic purpose and purpose-washing. It treats purpose as an empirical credibility claim whose strategic value depends on the relationship between communication, action, and stakeholder response.]]>
<![CDATA[Regional Languages under the Shadow of the National Language: Shifting Linguistic Identity among Indonesian Youth ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurhalizah]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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<![CDATA[Regional language shift in Indonesia is often treated as a matter of declining speaker numbers, endangered linguistic diversity, or insufficient preservation. Such a view remains important, but it does not fully explain why many young Indonesians still feel attached to regional languages while using Bahasa Indonesia more comfortably in school, peer interaction, mobility, and digital communication. Drawing on secondary data from language policy documents, official vitality reports, prior academic studies, and publicly accessible digital discourse, this article examines regional language shift as a reconfiguration of youth linguistic identity. The analysis shows that Bahasa Indonesia gains social strength because it travels easily through institutions and mixed public settings, while regional languages are increasingly valued through family memory, cultural recognition, and selective performance. Among young speakers, attachment to regional language often survives, but ordinary usability becomes weaker when the language is no longer supported by daily family routines, peer legitimacy, and public confidence. Digital spaces renew regional linguistic identity by making local expressions visible and shareable, yet this renewal remains ambivalent when visibility depends on fragments rather than sustained use. The article argues that revitalization needs to move beyond symbolic pride and rebuild the social conditions that allow regional languages to function as ordinary media of youth interaction.]]>
<![CDATA[Legal Anthropology Perspective on Restorative Justice in Indonesian Correctional Institutions: Harmonizing State Law and Local Cultural Values ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Fadli]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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<![CDATA[and social institutions in shaping human behavior. In Indonesia, the implementation of restorative justice has increasingly become an important approach within correctional institutions to promote rehabilitation rather than punishment. This study aims to analyze restorative justice from the perspective of legal anthropology by exploring how formal legal norms interact with local cultural values in Indonesian correctional institutions. The research employed a qualitative literaturereview using academic journal articles, books, legislation, and policy documents related to legal anthropology and restorative justice. The findings indicated that restorative justice reflects the integration of state law and customary values emphasizing reconciliation, social harmony, and community participation. Cultural traditions such as deliberation, consensus-building, and collective responsibility strengthen correctional programs designed to facilitate offender reintegration into society. Nevertheless, challenges remain due to differences in legal culture, institutional capacity, and inconsistent implementation across correctional facilities. This study concludes that legal anthropology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding restorative justice as a culturally responsive legal practice that promotes social justice, rehabilitation, and sustainable conflict resolution in Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[Analyzing the Economic and Legal Impacts of Foreign Vessel Dominance in Indonesia's Trade Activities ]]>
<![CDATA[Najmah Ramadhani Syukur]]>;
<![CDATA[Ade Siti Ardila]]>;
<![CDATA[Nanna Daun Tasik]]>;
<![CDATA[Halisah]]>;
<![CDATA[Erlin Aulia Ningsih]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study analyzed the economic and legal impacts of foreign vessel dominance in Indonesia's international trade and evaluated the effectiveness of maritime regulation in strengthening the national shipping industry. Using normative legal research that combined statutory and conceptual approaches, the study examined relevant maritime legislation, trade data, and law-enforcement mechanisms. The findings revealed a striking paradox in the implementation of the cabotage principle. Although domestic cabotage had enabled the national fleet to secure 99.9% of the domestic market, international trade remained heavily dominated by global shipping companies, which controlled more than 90% of export-import cargo. This imbalance produced substantial annual capital outflows, estimated at between IDR 190 trillion and IDR 380 trillion in freight payments. The legal analysis indicated that this underperformance was rooted in regulatory loopholes, particularly ambiguous exemption clauses for foreign vessels, weak enforcement, the absence of integrated real-time data, and high commercial lending rates that constrained domestic fleet expansion. The study concluded that comprehensive regulatory harmonization, stricter exemption criteria, targeted fiscal incentives, and integrated digital maritime supervision were required to safeguard national maritime sovereignty.]]>
<![CDATA[Counsel's Procedural Objection Under Indonesia's 2025 Criminal Procedure Code: Safeguarding Suspects and Regulating Unlawfully Obtained Evidence ]]>
<![CDATA[Purnomo Nur Sidi]]>;
<![CDATA[Annisa Nur Fitriyani]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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<![CDATA[Indonesia's 2025 Criminal Procedure Code expressly authorizes defence counsel to object when investigators intimidate a suspect or use trapping questions, yet it does not state what follows when the objection is obstructed, ignored, or incompletely recorded. This article examines the legal character, scope, and consequences of that new authority through normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. It argues that Article 32 transforms legal assistance during suspect examination from physical attendance into participatory defence. The objection operates as an immediate corrective intervention and a documentary safeguard, while the investigator bears a correlative duty to record it regardless of agreement with counsel's assessment. Intimidation should be assessed by its effect on the suspect's freedom to provide or refuse information, whereas a trapping question embeds an unaccepted premise and narrows the suspect's answer around it. An ignored objection does not automatically nullify the examination record or the entire investigation. Its evidentiary consequence depends on a demonstrable connection between the procedural violation and evidence later tendered at trial. Under Article 235, only a judicial finding that evidence was unlawfully obtained triggers non-use and the loss of probative force. The article proposes a graduated legal-consequence model that separates obstruction of counsel, defective recording, continued improper questioning, evidentiary exclusion, and personal accountability of investigators.]]>
<![CDATA[Who Becomes a Killer? Explaining Why Most High-Risk Individuals Never Commit Homicide ]]>
<![CDATA[Zul Khaidir Kadir]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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DOI: 10.67707/pgr.v1i3.98
<![CDATA[Homicide research is much better at identifying people associated with serious violence than at explaining why only a small minority of high-risk individuals ever kill. The gap is obscured when homicide is treated as the extreme end of a single violence continuum. This article separates violence risk from lethality risk. The first concerns whether serious violence is likely to occur, whereas the second concerns whether a violent episode produces death. An integrative conceptual review of peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2020 and 2026, supplemented by foundational work on situated violence and weapon lethality, is used to develop a Homicidal Threshold Model. The threshold is not a numerical score or a stable property of an offender. It refers to an event condition in which serious violence becomes capable of producing death because the immediate motive and setting make lethal action feasible while effective restraints are absent, weakened, or bypassed. This formulation gives near-lethal incidents a central role. A victim may survive because an attack is interrupted, a weapon fails, an injury is less severe, or trauma care is reached quickly, even when the preceding configuration closely resembles a completed homicide. HTM is therefore limited to lethal differentiation where serious violence is already plausible and death is not predetermined. Its main implication is methodological. Completed homicide should be compared with attempted homicide, near-lethal injury, and closely matched serious non-lethal violence if the field wants to explain the boundary between violence and death rather than repeatedly rediscover broad correlates of dangerousness.]]>
<![CDATA[Development of aerA Gene-Based PCR Primers as DNA Biomarkers for the Molecular Detection of Aeromonas hydrophila Using an In Silico Approach ]]>
<![CDATA[Septianto Wikan Nurhidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Naina Nur Prastiti]]>
<![CDATA[ Punggawa Global Research: Jurnal Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Punggawa Global Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Punggawa Legacy Center ]]>
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DOI: 10.67707/pgr.v1i3.102
<![CDATA[Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major bacterial pathogens affecting cultured fish, causing Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) and substantial economic losses in aquaculture. Early detection of this pathogen is essential for effective disease prevention and control. This study aimed to design a primer pair targeting the aerA virulence gene as a DNA biomarker for the molecular detection of A. hydrophila using an in silico approach. The aerA gene sequence (GenBank accession number EU254217.1) was retrieved from the NCBI database and used as the template for primer design using Primer3Plus. The designed primers were evaluated based on primer length, melting temperature (Tm), GC content, predicted amplicon size, and the potential formation of secondary structures. Primer specificity was subsequently assessed using In Silico PCR against several Aeromonas genomes. The selected primer pair consisted of the forward primer 5'-GAGAAGACGGCCATCAAGGT-3' and the reverse primer 5'-TGTGGTTCCAGTTCGGGC-3', producing a predicted amplicon of 529 bp. The primers exhibited melting temperatures of 59.7°C and 59.9°C with GC contents of 55.0% and 61.1%, respectively, indicating suitable characteristics for PCR amplification. In Silico PCR analysis demonstrated successful amplification exclusively in A. hydrophila genomes, while no amplification was detected in the non-target Aeromonas species evaluated. These findings suggest that the aerA gene is a promising DNA biomarker for the molecular detection of A. hydrophila . However, further in vitro validation is required to confirm the sensitivity and specificity of the designed primers using field isolates.]]>
