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Adam Mudinillah
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INDONESIA
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law
Published by Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi
ISSN : 29884454     EISSN : 29884462     DOI : 10.70177/rjl
Core Subject :
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law is a leading international journal focused on the global exchange of knowledge in Law as well as advancing research and practice across law disciplines. The journal provides a forum for articles reporting on original research, systematic and scholarly reviews focused on law from around the world. Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law publishes national and international research in an attempt to present a reliable and respectable information source for the researchers. Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law has been published since 2023 and is published quarterly. However, since 2025, this journal has changed the number of publications, i.e., bi-monthly | February, April, June, August, October, and December. Articles submitted for publication are subject to a double-blind review process. This journal publishes original articles in English.
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Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "vol. 3 no. 4 (2025)" : 6 Documents clear
Corporate Responsibility for Violations of Online Consumer Data Privacy Hendri Khuan; Amin Zaki; Faizal Razak
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2065

Abstract

Background. As digital platforms evolve, consumer privacy concerns related to online data breaches have risen. Companies are increasingly held responsible for the protection of consumer data. The need to assess corporate responsibility in such violations is critical for consumer trust and regulatory frameworks. Objective. This study aims to explore the extent of corporate responsibility in online consumer data privacy violations and the legal and ethical implications for businesses involved. Method. A qualitative research design was adopted, utilizing a case study approach. Relevant case law and reports of data breaches were analyzed to assess how companies manage their data privacy policies and how these are reflected in their accountability for breaches. Background. As digital platforms evolve, consumer privacy concerns related to online data breaches have risen. Companies are increasingly held responsible for the protection of consumer data. The need to assess corporate responsibility in such violations is critical for consumer trust and regulatory frameworks. Objective. This study aims to explore the extent of corporate responsibility in online consumer data privacy violations and the legal and ethical implications for businesses involved. Method. A qualitative research design was adopted, utilizing a case study approach. Relevant case law and reports of data breaches were analyzed to assess how companies manage their data privacy policies and how these are reflected in their accountability for breaches. Results. Findings reveal that while corporations acknowledge the importance of consumer data privacy, there are significant gaps in their implementation of security measures. Legal frameworks often fail to hold companies accountable for breaches, relying instead on self-regulation and fines that are not always sufficient to deter negligence. Conclusion. Corporate responsibility for online data privacy violations requires stronger legal frameworks and stricter enforcement of data protection measures. It is essential for businesses to adopt comprehensive privacy policies and ensure compliance with emerging global standards.
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Law Enforcement and Human Rights Siska Karina; Razia Khan; Amir Raza
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2094

Abstract

Background. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in the realm of law enforcement and human rights. In recent decades, their influence has expanded significantly, especially in areas where government action is either insufficient or absent. NGOs often bridge gaps in legal and human rights protection by advocating for vulnerable populations, monitoring abuses, and holding governments accountable. Objective. This study aims to evaluate the role of NGOs in law enforcement and human rights, with a particular focus on their contributions to legal reforms, advocacy for victims, and international collaborations. The research explores how NGOs influence law enforcement mechanisms and contribute to the advancement of human rights protections across different regions. Method. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing case studies, interviews with NGO leaders, legal experts, and human rights advocates, and document analysis of reports and legal frameworks where NGOs have had significant influence. Results. The study found that NGOs significantly impact human rights law enforcement, especially in regions with weak legal frameworks. They provide essential resources for victims, influence policy changes, and sometimes fill gaps left by state institutions. However, challenges such as limited funding and political resistance affect their effectiveness. Conclusion. NGOs are indispensable in promoting human rights and enforcing laws in under-served regions. Their role should be enhanced through stronger partnerships with governments and international organizations.
Empirical Legal Research Methods: Applications in Legal Research in Indonesia Retno Widyani; Li Wei; Wang Jun
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2095

Abstract

Background. Empirical legal research methods have gained increasing significance in legal scholarship, offering insights into the real-world application and outcomes of laws. In Indonesia, the use of these methods remains relatively underexplored despite the growing need for evidence-based policy and legal reforms. Legal research in Indonesia has traditionally relied on doctrinal methods, but empirical approaches have the potential to enhance the understanding of how legal systems function in practice and how laws impact society. Objective. This study aims to explore the applications of empirical legal research methods in legal research in Indonesia. The research focuses on examining how these methods can be effectively implemented in the context of Indonesian legal research to address pressing legal issues and improve the legal system's overall effectiveness. Method. A qualitative research design was employed, combining a review of existing literature, case studies, and interviews with legal scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. The study also analyzed existing empirical research on legal issues in Indonesia to identify current trends and gaps in research. Results. The findings suggest that empirical methods, such as surveys, interviews, and case studies, are increasingly being adopted in Indonesian legal research, though challenges remain in terms of resources, training, and institutional support. Conclusion. Empirical legal research holds significant potential for advancing legal scholarship in Indonesia. There is a need for greater integration of these methods to enhance the quality and relevance of legal research and inform legal reforms.
Legal Aspects in Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) in Indonesia Sri Primawati Indraswari; Vishal Yadav; Ananya Rao
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2097

Abstract

Background. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are integral to corporate strategies, playing a crucial role in business expansion and market consolidation. In Indonesia, the legal framework surrounding M&A is complex and influenced by various laws and regulations. The legal aspects of M&A transactions, including corporate governance, antitrust laws, and the protection of minority shareholders, are pivotal in ensuring that these corporate actions are legally sound and contribute to economic development. Objective. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions in Indonesia, focusing on the regulatory framework, legal procedures, and challenges faced by companies engaged in M&A. The research seeks to identify key legal considerations that impact the success and failure of M&A transactions in Indonesia, with a particular focus on corporate governance and antitrust regulations. Method. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing legal document analysis, case studies, and interviews with legal professionals, corporate lawyers, and business executives. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the legal landscape and practical challenges in M&A transactions. Results. The findings indicate that while Indonesia has a well established legal framework for M&A, issues related to regulatory compliance, transparency, and legal enforcement remain significant obstacles. Conclusion. The study concludes that while the legal aspects of M&A in Indonesia are progressing, further improvements in regulatory clarity, enforcement, and corporate governance are needed to foster a more conducive environment for M&A transactions.
Analysis Working Relationship Between Employees and Notaries/PPAT (Study at the Khairul Anwar Nasution Notary Office) Yeltriana Yeltriana; Ismed Coal
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2436

Abstract

Background. This research is based on the complexity of the employment relationship between employees and Notaries/PPATs, particularly regarding rights and obligations, forms of employment agreements, and legal certainty, which often give rise to ambiguity and potential conflicts. Purpose. The main objective of the research is to analyze the characteristics of the employment relationship at the Khairul Anwar Nasution Notary Office, assess the level of compliance of these work practices with applicable employment regulations, and identify obstacles and alternative solutions in implementing equitable employment relationships. Method. This research uses an empirical juridical approach with a descriptive-qualitative method; primary data were collected through interviews with employees and Notaries/PPATs, direct observation, and review of employment agreement documents, while secondary data were obtained from legal literature, employment regulations, and relevant court decisions. Results. The results show that the employment relationship at the office is generally characterized by a subordination relationship, with employment agreements often not set out in writing, and there is uncertainty regarding the length of employment, fulfillment of wage rights, social security, and legal protection. Conclusion. In conclusion, although there is awareness regarding the importance of compliance with employment regulations, employment practices at the Khairul Anwar Nasution Notary Office are not yet fully in line with legal provisions, so it is necessary to prepare written.
Corporate Criminal Liability for Environmental Damage: A Juridical Analysis of Recent Cases and Normative Challenges Aris Krisdiyanto; Amir Raza; Roya Zahir
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2659

Abstract

Background. Corporate criminal liability for environmental damage represents a growing area of concern in legal discourse, especially as industrial expansion continues to exert profound ecological and social consequences. The current legal framework in Indonesia, though progressive in recognizing corporate accountability under Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, remains inconsistent in enforcement and interpretation. Purpose. The study aims to analyze the juridical construction of corporate criminal liability for environmental harm by examining recent judicial decisions and identifying normative challenges that hinder effective application. Method. The research employs a qualitative juridical-normative approach, focusing on statutory interpretation, court rulings, and doctrinal analysis, supported by case studies involving corporate environmental violations between 2018 and 2023 Results. The findings reveal that enforcement inconsistencies stem from vague statutory definitions, limited institutional coordination, and judicial reluctance to impose criminal sanctions on corporate entities. The analysis also highlights the absence of clear parameters for attributing mens rea and corporate culpability within collective decision-making structures.   Conclusion. The study concludes that achieving environmental justice requires reforming Indonesia’s legal doctrine through clearer legislative standards, stronger prosecutorial mechanisms, and incorporation of restorative justice principles. This transformation is essential for aligning environmental governance with sustainable development and corporate accountability.  

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