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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008" : 8 Documents clear
APPLICATION METHOD OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES FOR THE CONTROL OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE FR. CAUSING BROWN GERM AND SEED ROT OF OIL PALM Dikin, Antario; Sijam, Kamaruzaman; Seman, Idris Abu
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (664.024 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.4

Abstract

Biological seed treatment promotes to save the environment from toxic chemicals in the agricultural practices. Schizophyllum commune is one of the important seedborne pathogenic fungi causing brown germ and seed rot of oil palm which required effective and efficient treat­ment based on environmental friendly approaches. Anti-microbial substances are extracted from antagonistic bacteria of B. multivorans and M. testaceum after mass production in the liquid media. Application method of anti-microbial substances for the control of Schizophylllum commune was done by seed dipping for 30 minutes and vacuum infiltration at 400 mm Hg. vac. for 2 min. in supernatant of anti-microbial substances diluted in sterilized distilled water with concentra­tion ratio of 1:4. Application method using anti-microbial substances from antagonistic bacteria inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungus, enhanced seed germination, and without causing any abnormal growth of oil palm seedlings.
WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (Ppleurotus fFlorida) MUTANT WITH ALTERED ANTIOXIDANT CONTENTS Djajanegara, Ira; Harsoyo,
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (523.65 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.6

Abstract

Radiation using gamma ray (60Co) at 0.75 KGray with dose velocity of 1.149 KGray/hour on white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) mycelia yielded several mutants. Based on isozyme analysis using two enzyme markers such as esterase (EST) and acid phosphatase (ACP) showed that 3 putative mutants (PO-3, PO-4 and PO-5) among 5 mutants are positive. Even though the isozyme patterns indicated that those 3 putative mutants are positively mutated, only PO-5 showed higher productivity compared to control (PO-K) which is reflected by significantly higher number of fruit bodies, higher fresh weight and dry weight yield of three successive flush periods. It was assumed that the mutation which occurred in PO-3 and PO-4 may affect other trait(s) of the white oyster mushroom. Antioxidant analysis of those mutants indicate that mutant PO-4 has significantly higher antioxidant content compared to control (PO-K) and the two other mutants (PO-3 & PO-5). This finding leads to the possible applica¬tion of white oyster mushroom as a natural antioxidant source.
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM MERISTEM EXPLANTS OF GINGER Rostiana, Otih; Syahid, Sitti Fatimah
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (574.099 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.2

Abstract

The use of planting materials from in vitro culture, especially derived from somatic embryos has some advantages such as  genetically stable and pathogen-free. Meristem culture of ginger through somatic embryogenesis could be a potential method for producing pathogen-free planting materials. Somatic embryogenesis on ginger was performed to obtain vigorous plantlets having the same rhizome size as the mother plant. Callus was induced from meristem tissue of inner bud of Indonesian ginger rhizome Var. Cimanggu-1 and consecutively subcultured into certain media at each steps of experiments. The vigorous embryogenic calli were observed  on MS medium containing 100 mgl-1 glutamine and 2% sucrose with addition of 1.0 mgl-1 2,4-D + 3.0 mgl-1 BA. The highest number of somatic embryos (about 82.0.g-1 friable calli) was achieved on that medium, 4 weeks after culturing. Furthermore, the optimum growth of embryogenic calli containing somatic embryo was obtained on MS medium enriched with 6% sucrose. The highest number of mature somatic embryos (57.2 embryos) was achieved on MS medium, 18 days after incubation. The regeneration potency of somatic embryos obtained from ginger meristem was 51.20%.g-1 friable callus. The valuable result of this study was the achievement of normal rhizome size of regenerated plantlets, instead of micro rhizome.
RECOVERY OF MORE THAN 10 YEARS-DRYING Monascus CULTURES AND ITS PURIFICATION METHODS FROM FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION Suharna, Nandang
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (596.553 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.7

Abstract

This study was carried out to understand the recovery capability of more than 10 years- drying Monascus cultures. A new simple purification technique from fungal contamination using ethanol-soaking treatment was also reported as a part of this study. The result showed that all drying cultures were recovered well and retained their characters such as good growth, pigmen­tation and production of fruit bodies (ascomata), sexual spores (ascospores) and asexual spores. Several cultures showed its good growth in 20% ethanol medium. This study also reported suc­cessful purification of cultures from fungal contamination using ethanol-soaking treatment. This self-drying method, therefore, could be suggested as a good long-term preservation method for Monascus cultures. Moreover, purification method from fungal contamination soaked in ethanol 70% or 95% was successfully effective.
THE PRESERVATION OF MILK WITH THE ADDITION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND AROMATIC SUPPLEMENTS PRODUCED IN INDONESIA Khusniati, Tatik; Widyastuti, Yantyati
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.5

Abstract

The preservation of milk with additional antibacterial and aromatic supplements, produced in Indonesia, was investigated. Organoleptic performances of milk with the addition of 10% supplements, made as juices, were tested by panellists, and the total bacteria, protease activities, lipase activities and acidities, were detected by total plate counts, azocasein method, modified dole extraction and base-acid titration, respectively. Out of the 27 supplemented skim and whole milk samples, 15 whole milk samples and 10 skim milk samples were selected as acceptable, based on their better organoleptic performances, their lower bacterial counts, protease and lipase activi­ties, and their acidities percentages which were not significantly different, compared to that of control, at 5 days after the expiry date (P
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Fimbristylis miliacea (L.)Vahl Begum, Mahfuza; Juraimi, Abdul Shukor; Amartalingam, Rajan; Bin Syed Rastan, Syed Omar; Bin Man, Azmi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.1

Abstract

This experiment was conducted in the glasshouse of Universiti Putra Malaysia, to determine the growth and development of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. Twenty F. miliacea seeds were surface sown in ten plastic buckets of 18 cm diameter filled with 3 kg soil. After germination only one plant/bucket was retained. Time of first seedling emergence, time and number of leaves appearing until first tiller formation, time of tiller formation, first inflorescence, the first 10 inflorescences appearance and their maturity were recorded for each plant. Plant height and the number of inflorescence per plant was recorded weekly for up to 4 months after sowing. The first ten inflorescences for each plant were tagged after emergence, subsequently mature inflorescences were collected and the numbers of spikelets/inflorescence, seeds/inflorescence, seeds/ plant and 1000 seed weight were determined. Statistical analysis was performed as complete randomized design on weekly observed plant height and inflorescence number using the SAS statistical software and means were tested using Tukey’s studentized range test at the 5% level of probability. Fimbristylis miliacea seedlings emerged at 3 days after planting of seeds. Approximate times required for the sequential production of 10 leaves, tillers, first 10 inflorescence and their maturity were 28 days after emergence (DAE), 35 DAE, 49 DAE, 63 DAE, respectively. Plant height increased rapidly from 3-8 WAE and maximum plant height (64.05 cm) was attained at 10 WAE. This species had three important growth stages: a slow growth stage during the first 4 week after emergence (WAE); a rapid growth stage from 4-9 WAE; and finally, a maximum growth stage from 9-17 WAE. Within this first 4 weeks after emergence would be the most appropriate time for controlling this species with early post emergence herbicides. Each F. miliacea plant produced on average of 2.3 tillers/plant and a total of 134 inflorescences, with 84 inflorescences/plant ripening within this period. Each inflorescence comprised of 48 spikelets with 511 seeds and matured after 3 weeks of emergence. Total seeds/plant and 1000 seed weight were 42,275 and 0.035 g, respectively. Time required for seed ripening was 76 days after emergence.
THE QUALITY OF PHYSIC NUT(Jatropha curcas L.) SEEDS PACKED IN PLASTIC MATERIAL DURING STORAGE Worang, Rantje Lilly; Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Syarief, Rizal; Miftahuddin
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.3

Abstract

The effect of storage duration on fungal population, moisture content, lipid and free fatty acid contents, lipase activity, viability and vigor of physic nut seeds was investigated. Physic nut seeds with initial moisture content of 7.9% were stored in plastic bags under warehouse conditions. Samples of physic nut were collected before storage, and subsequently after one to six months of storage. The results showed that the moisture contents increased after one month of storage, and became relatively constant up to six months of storage. The range of moisture contents (7.9 – 8.4%) was safe for storage of physic nut seeds. Sixteen fungal species were isolated from physic nut seeds during six months of storage. Fungal population decreased with the increase of storage duration. At the beginning of storage, most of the fungi that infected the seeds were classified as field fungi, such as Colletotrichum sp., Cladosporium spp., and Fusarium spp.. Their populations decreased with the increase of storage duration. After three months of storage, the existence of field fungi was generally replaced by storage fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp. dominate the population. Lipid contents, viabilities and vigors decreased with the increase of storage duration, while free fatty acids and lipase activities increased. Under uncontrolled condi­tions, physic nut seeds packed in plastic material can be stored up to one month for seeds to be planted, while it can be stored up to five months for producing oil.
Reviewers For Vol 15 No. 1 Editor
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.10

Abstract

Prof. Dr. Mirnawati Sudarmanto, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor (IPB), Indonesia Dr. Ratih Dewanti Hariyadi, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Prof. Dr. M.A. Chozin, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Soekisman S. Tjitrosemito, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Dahlia Sukma, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The State University of Jakarta (UNJ), Jakarta 13220, Indonesia Dr. Lisdar M. Sudirman,  Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Nurita L. Toruan-Mathius, Tissue Culture Laboratory, SMART Research Institute (SMARTRI), Bogor, Indonesia Ir. Soemaryono M.Sc., Biotechnology Research Unit For Estate Crops, Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Okky S. Dharmaputra, SEAMEO BIOTROP/Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Gayuh Rahayu, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Yadi Haryadi, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Zainal Mahmud, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (Puslitbangbun), Bogor, Indonesia 

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