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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 553 Documents
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TREE CARBON STOCK ESTIMATION AND MODELING OF PALSABANGON WATERSHED USING THE INVEST MODEL IN QUEZON PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES D. Gordula, Raffy; M. Pampolina, Nelson; L. Tiburan Jr., Cristino; E. Buot Jr., Inocencio
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 2 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 2 May 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.2.2553

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- First carbon mapping of Palsabangon watershed using InVEST model- Combines remote sensing and field data across four key vegetation types- Reveals mangroves store highest carbon per hectare among land covers- Secondary forests hold largest total carbon due to broader area coverage- Informs creation of carbon conservation zones in vulnerable watershed areasABSTRACTThe Palsabangon Watershed is primarily composed of young secondary forests, shrublands, agroforestry, and remnant mangrove stands that are increasingly threatened by land-use conversion, resource extraction, and natural disturbances. The watershed remains undeclared and unprotected by law in the southern Sierra Madre Mountain Range of Quezon Province, Philippines. Despite these pressures, the watershed continues to play an important role in carbon sequestration and climate regulation. To assess carbon stock, four vegetation types; secondary forest, shrubland, agroforestry, and mangrove were evaluated through quadrat sampling using thirteen 5 m × 40 m rectangular plots. Tree carbon was estimated using allometric equations, and land use/land cover maps were generated from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The dominant vegetation cover was secondary forest, followed by shrubland, agroforestry, and mangrove forest. Carbon stock estimation was performed using the Carbon Storage and Sequestration model within the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) software. The estimates of tree carbon stock (C) in Palsabangon Watershed revealed that mangrove forests had the highest density (85.1 MgC/ha), followed by secondary forests (67.8 MgC/ha), agroforestry (50.4 MgC/ha), and shrublands (43.3 MgC/ha). Tree carbon stock in mangroves and secondary forests was attributed to the younger age and declining tree density of these ecosystems, caused by anthropogenic and natural factors. The total tree carbon stock of the watershed was estimated at 295,674 tonnes C, with secondary forests contributing the most (140,666.7 tonnes C). Despite the young age of the forest stands, the watershed demonstrates significant potential for carbon accumulation. To ensure long-term sustainability, we recommend the establishment of forest carbon conservation zones to protect and enhance carbon sequestration capacity of the watershed.
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SETU RIVER POLLUTION USING SAPROBIC INDEX AND AQUATIC BIOTA DIVERSITY Ningsih, Kamtiyah; Muhammad, Fuad; Mukimin, Aris
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 2 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 2 May 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.2.2569

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Combined saprobic index and plankton diversity assess Setu River pollution- Untreated batik wastewater affects river water quality and biodiversity- Eutrophic tolerant diatoms dominate polluted river sections- Benthic communities reflect persistent ecological disturbanceABSTRACTThe batik industry in Indonesia, especially in Pekalongan, has seen rapid growth since being recognized by UNESCO. However, this growth has brought increasing environmental concerns, particularly related to wastewater discharge from small-and medium-scale enterprises. This study assessed the ecological condition of the Setu River in South Pekalongan by integrating plankton diversity metrics and the saprobic index (SI) to evaluate the impact of batik effluents. Sampling was carried out in November 2024 at three representative locations selected to reflect different pollution gradients along the Setu River: upstream, the Jenggot Waste Water Treament Plant (WWTP) outfall, and downstream. Water quality showed a declining trend along the river, reflecting increasing anthropogenic pressures. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 561 to 1,190 individuals/L, with dominant genera such as Navicula, Synedra, and Nitzschia, which are known indicators of organic pollution. Zooplankton was only observed at the downstream station, with a low diversity index (H’ = 0.6931), suggesting that water conditions were unfavorable for sensitive species. The saprobic index increased from 0.31 upstream to 0.93 downstream, indicating a light level of organic pollution. These findings indicate that the Jenggot communal WWTP may not be operating optimally, as reflected by the high concentrations of pollutant indicators near the outfall. Inadequate wastewater treatment exerts ongoing pressure on aquatic life, reducing biodiversity and disturbing ecological stability. This study emphasizes the urgency of improving wastewater management, particularly through the development of appropriate and low-cost technologies to support small-scale batik industries. Furthermore, plankton-based bioindicators offer a reliable, cost-effective method for monitoring ecological impacts in urban rivers subjected to industrial discharges.
POPULATION ASSESSMENT OF JAVAN BELIDA FISH (Notopterus notopterus) IN RAWA PENING LAKE, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA waluyo, Waluyo; Widiarto, Santoso Budi; Muslim, Anhar; Dirgantara, Linggar; Farah Qonitah, Alyaa; Anjarwati, Ela; Darmawan, Darmawan
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 2 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 2 May 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.2.2713

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHT- Belida population in the lake is low and nearing threatened status.- Belida size data show weak population recovery.- Conservation action is needed to protect belida stocks.- Habitat pressure increases belida vulnerability and limits protection.- Findings support stronger conservation for threatened belida.ABSTRACTThe conservation status of belida fish in Indonesia is regulated under the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2021 concerning Protected Fish Types, which includes four species: Bornean Belida (Chitala borneensis), Sumatran Belida (Chitala hypselonotus), Lopis Belida (Chitala lopis), and Java belida (Notopterus notopterus). The Javan belida fish (Notopterus notopterus) is currently classified as Least Concern (LC) to facilitate data collection on protected fish species and those listed in the Appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). However, intensive harvesting for human consumption may lead to continued population declines in Java. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the population size and status of the Javan belida fish, providing a scientific basis for government recommendations, particularly by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, regarding its conservation status. Field sampling was conducted in situ in Rawa Pening Lake during three sampling periods (January, February, and March 2024) using bamboo blinds, traps, and lift nets. The collected data were analyzed to estimate population abundance, length-weight relationships, length-frequency distribution, sex ratio, gonad maturity stage, and catch per unit of effort. A total of 47 belida fish were caught, all identified as Javan belida (Notopterus notopterus). The estimated population density in Rawa Pening Lake was 32 individuals per 1,400 m2, equivalent to 229 individuals per ha. Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) vulnerability criteria, the belida population in Rawa Pening Lake is considered near threatened.

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