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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 545 Documents
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OPTIMIZATION OF Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell GROWTH USING ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI AND COFFEE HUSK COMPOST ON SUBSOIL MEDIA Harmawati, Harmawati; Syamsuddin Millang; Pembonan, Samuel; Prayudyaningsih, Retno
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 December 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.3.2462

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS- Mycorrhizal fungi and coffee compost boost tree seedling growth in poor subsoil- The method helps grow Eucalyptus faster for land restoration efforts.- Reduces the need for topsoil, promoting sustainable nursery practices.- An optimal mix of mycorrhizal fungi and compost supports robust Eucalyptus development.ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and coffee husk compost are used to improve the physical and chemical conditions of the subsoil, enhancing plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the response of plant growth and analyze the effect of AMF and coffee husk compost doses on optimal growth acceleration of Eucalyptus pellita seedlings in subsoil media. Seedlings were grown in subsoil with varying doses of AMF (0; 2.5; and 5 g/polybag) and coffee husk compost at different ratios (1 : 1; 2 : 1; and 3 : 1). AMF and coffee husk compost application significantly affected all parameters of seedling growth, including height, number of leaves, diameter, biomass, seedling quality index, and shoot/root ratio. Inoculation of AMF at a dose of 2.5 g/polybag and subsoil media enriched with coffee husk compost at a ratio of 2 : 1 was an efficient treatment to increase the seedling growth
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OVA RECOVERY IN Bos indicus AND Bos taurus CATTLE: A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS STUDY Darodjah Rasad, Siti; Hilmia, Nena; Suryanah, Sari; Sumantri, Cece; Irma, Irma
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 December 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.3.2473

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS- Domestic cattle sub species of Bos indicus shows higher ova in their reproduction than Bos taurus- In vitro techniques produce higher ova recovery than in vivo techniques.- Dairy cattle showed higher ova recovery than in beef cattle or dual-purpose cattleABSTRACTEmbryo transfer biotechnology has long been applied and is massively used to increase female cattle's reproductive ability. This biotechnology is done with the hope of increasing livestock productivity. Extensive research has been carried out and the responses of each breed of cattle shows varied. This research was conducted to determine whether the cattle breed influences the oocyte and embryo recovery rate in the embryo transfer process. A meta-analysis study was conducted on published research regarding the potential for ova recovery of Bos taurus and Bos indicus. Screening process resulted 14 publications with 21 studies were obtained which could be analyzed further. Cattle breed influence on ova recovered indicated by Standardize Mean Difference (SMD) 0.72 ± 0.206, 95% CI: 0.32–1.11. The heterogeneity test showed that there was a difference between studies (I2 = 89.99, p<0.01). The effect size classification shows in medium category. Based on moderator variable analyses, Bos indicus showed a higher potential for ova recovery than Bos taurus with in vitro techniques. Sub-group analysis of cattle types showed that the difference in ova between the two breeds was significant in the dairy type (p<0.01), while there was no difference in the dual-purpose vs. dairy.
WOOD FIBER MORPHOLOGY OF TALISAY-GUBAT (Terminalia foetidissima Griff.) AND LANIPAU (Terminalia copelandii Elmer.) GROWN IN MAGUINDANAO, PHILIPPINES C. Villareal, Jayric; M. Piang, Monalyn; Joy B. Rendon, Kristine; A. Laurie, Mercedita; E. Poclis, Cindy; S. Pendaliday, Omor; S. Marasigan, Oliver
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 January 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.1.2488

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- The study examined Terminalia foetidissima and Terminalia copelandii, native Philippine species that remain underutilized due to limited data despite their strong potential for the wood industry. - Wood characterization helps evaluate their fiber properties and potential contribution to meeting increasing wood demand.- The research focused on fiber morphology and derived values of both species grown in Maguindanao, Philippines. - The findings provide reliable baseline data on the basic wood characteristics of these two native Terminalia species. ABSTRACTTalisay-gubat (Terminalia foetidissima Griff.) and Lanipau (Terminalia copelandii Elmer.) are among the Terminalia spp. native in the Philippines. The fiber morphology and derived values of the two species were characterized in this study. Wood samples were collected from matured trees (approximately 10 to 20-yr-old) grown in Maguindanao del Norte (07°08′N 124°16′E). Collected samples were macerated for three-hours, wood fibers were observed under a microscope and then measured using the ImageJ Software. Results showed that T. foetidissima wood exhibited larger fiber diameter (0.041mm), and lumen diameter (0.028mm) with higher flexibility ratio (71.727%). While T. copelandii exhibited longer fiber (1.677mm) with higher cell wall fraction (33.688%), Runkel ratio (0.598), slenderness ratio (51.510), Mulhsteph ratio (51.813%), rigidity coefficient (0.163), and Luce’s shape factor (0.390). Moreover, t-test analysis showed no significant differences in the fiber morphology and derived values. The results indicated that both T. foetidissima and T. copelandii fibers show favorable qualities for pulp and paper production and composite materials. To fully confirm their potential and suitability, however, it is essential to examine other wood properties, including physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics, as well as factors such as diameter and age classes, height levels, and wood types.
SUSTAINABLE BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT: MITIGATING ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS AND SUPPORTING MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY Gabrina Tonyes, Silvia; Ramona, Yan; Rukayadi, Yaya; Ciawi, Yenni
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 January 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.1.2504

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS• Reviews global ballast water management for ecological sustainability• Integrates technological, policy, and social perspectives• Links ballast water control to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)• Identifies hybrid treatment systems as most effective and eco-safe• Proposes strategies for harmonized global compliance and cooperationABSTRACTBallast water is crucial for the stability and safety of ships but poses significant environmental, economic, and public health risks due to the introduction of invasive species, pathogens, and pollutants into marine ecosystems. This review explores the ecological impacts of ballast water discharge, including biodiversity loss, ecosystem disruption, and public health threats from pathogens and harmful algal blooms. Economic consequences, such as damage to fisheries, aquaculture, and coastal infrastructure, are discussed, along with the social impacts on communities reliant on marine resources. Existing regulatory frameworks, such as the International Maritime Organization's Ballast Water Management Convention, and national policies aim to mitigate these challenges but face implementation and enforcement hurdles. Advancements in treatment technologies are reviewed, including mechanical, chemical, physical, and emerging methods like advanced oxidation processes, electrochlorination, and nanotechnology. Integrated treatment systems are highlighted for their potential to address the limitations of single-method approaches. Case studies illustrate successful implementations, while challenges in cost, scalability, and compliance are identified. The review emphasizes the alignment of ballast water management practices with sustainable development goals, advocating for innovation, international collaboration, and capacity building to enhance effectiveness. Future directions include the optimization of treatment technologies, harmonization of regulations, and incentivization of compliance to achieve global environmental and economic resilience. This review underscores the urgency of advancing sustainable ballast water management to protect marine ecosystems, support coastal economies, and promote public health worldwide.
CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF STRING BAMBOO (GIGANTOCHLOA APUS) Marasigan, Oliver; A. Daguinod, Shereyl
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 December 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.3.2506

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS- Gigantochloa apus shows strong potential for structural and engineered uses.- Axial and nodal variations significantly affect bamboo fiber anatomy.- Relative density and strength make G. apus suitable for construction and furniture.- Derived fiber ratios indicate limited papermaking suitability.- G. apus offers broad utilization potential for sustainable industriesABSTRACTThis study assessed the morphological, anatomical, derived ratio, and physico-mechanical properties of string bamboo (Gigantochloa apus [Schult.f.] Kurz ex Munro) grown in Baguio City, Philippines, to establish comprehensive property data and explore potential applications. Six mature culms were sampled and tested for its properties following the IAWA, ISO, and ASTM standards. Results revealed that culm diameter and wall thickness decreased significantly by 37.30% and 46.60%, respectively, toward the top portion. Anatomical analysis showed significant decreases in fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness by 15.33%, 13.86%, 24.05%, and 8.43%, respectively, from bottom to top. All derived ratios varied significantly between the node and internode portions. The node portion exhibited higher values for cell wall fraction, Runkel ratio, Muhlsteph ratio, rigidity coefficient, and Luce’s shape factor. Radial and volumetric shrinkage decreased by 29.47% and 31.01%, respectively, toward the top, while shear strength dropped by 47.20%. In contrast, basic relative density, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and compression strength showed no significant variation along the culm. These findings highlight that G. apus is suitable for diverse applications including furniture, handicrafts, construction, engineered bamboo, and biomass products.
REMNANT OF THE DRYLAND COASTAL VEGETATION OF THE SONGKHLA LAKE BASIN, SONGKHLA, THAILAND Cheechang, Anusit; Sridith, Kitichate
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 December 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.3.2514

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTSThis article identifies and characterizes three native plant communities in the Songkhla Lake Basin, highlighting their distinct species composition, coastal zonation patterns, and ecological value. It reveals high plant diversity across remnant dryland coastal habitats and documents key native species that define each community type. The study emphasizes the negative impacts of human activity and land policies on native vegetation and offers baseline floristic data that support conservation, ecological restoration, and sustainable land-use planning.ABSTRACTThe remnant dryland coastal vegetation of the Songkhla Lake Basin, Songkhla, Thailand, was investigated in this study. Twenty vegetation plots were established to represent each vegetation subtype. Using Braun-Blanquet cluster analysis and the Jaccard similarity index, the vegetation was classified into three distinct communities: (1) the Coastal Woodland Community, located farthest inland and dominated by Dipterocarpus alatus Symington; (2) the Coastal Scrub-Shrubby Tree Community, situated inland from the coastal zone, with Dipterocarpus chartaceus Symington, Neolitsea zeylanica (Nees & T. Nees) Merr., and Psychotria asiatica L. identified as dominant species; and (3) the Coastal Scrub Community, occurring near the shoreline and characterized by densely clustered vegetation dominated by Mischocarpus sundaicus Blume, Planchonella obovata (R.Br.) Pierre, and Vitex pinnata L. Vegetation profiles for each community were delineated. Significant degradation and decline of native plant communities in the Songkhla Lake Basin have been caused by conservation activities involving the introduction of fast-growing non-native species and by governmental land tax policies.
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS OF BACTERIAL NITROREDUCTASE ENZYMES FROM A MINING-IMPACTED ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA: ARCHITECTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE CHROMIUM BIOREMEDIATION Anugerah Putra, Andifa; Ramadhani, Munandar; Komari, Noer; Badruzsaufari
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 January 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.1.2532

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- New bacterial enzymes found in Indonesian soil can neutralize toxic chromium waste.- These unique bacteria show great promise for bioremediation in polluted mining soils.- One of the newly found enzymes from these bacteria has a superior, highly stable structure.- This superior stability is key, coming from a rigid core with flexible moving loops.- This research provides a molecular blueprint for engineering enzymes to clean up chromium.ABSTRACTHexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], a soluble and carcinogenic industrial pollutant, poses a significant threat to both the environment and human health, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Microbial enzymatic reduction of Cr(VI) to its less toxic trivalent state, Cr(III), is a promising approach. However, growing evidence suggests that many enzymes involved in this process are flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent reductases, which likely reduce Cr(VI) adventitiously via a reduced flavin intermediate, rather than through direct enzymatic catalysis. This study presents a comparative computational analysis of two novel FMN-dependent reductases, designated M2Cr10 and M54Cr10, derived from chromium-tolerant bacteria Acinetobacter radioresistens and Bacillus tropicus, respectively, which were isolated from Indonesian serpentine soil. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses classified both enzymes as members of the FMN-dependent nitroreductase superfamily. High-quality homology models were generated and validated, with over 95% of residues occupying the most favored regions of the Ramachandran plot, confirming their stereochemical integrity. Molecular docking simulations predicted strong binding affinities for the FMN cofactor, with binding energies of -7.1 kcal/mol for M2Cr10 and -8.1 kcal/mol for M54Cr10. These interactions are stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts, with residue Tyr¹³¹ identified as a key anchor for the FMN isoalloxazine ring in both enzymes. Extensive 10-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the A. radioresistens M2Cr10 enzyme exhibits superior structural architecture characterized by greater global stability, as indicated by lower average root mean square deviation (RMSD) and solvent-accessible surface area (SASA). However, it also displays greater localized flexibility (higher RMSF) in functional loop regions critical for catalysis. This combination of a rigid scaffold and dynamic functional loops suggests that M2Cr10 may be a more robust and potentially efficient biocatalyst. These findings provide a detailed molecular blueprint for understanding the structural determinants of stability in FMN-dependent reductases and offer a rational basis for engineering these enzymes for more effective adventitious bioremediation of Cr(VI).
NEW RECORD OF Mycena chlorophos (BIOLUMINESCENT FUNGI) FOR INDONESIA Fathansah Nugeraha; Silva Ristiana Haryadi; Wahyu Aji Mahardhika; Oktan Dwi Nurhayat; Permana Putra, Ivan
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 December 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.3.2547

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS- Glowing mushrooms were found at night in the forest of IPB University and showed a bright green light in the dark.- Examination of their morphological features and phylogeny material confirmed they are the species Mycena chlorophos.- This is the first confirmed record of Mycena chlorophos in Indonesia, extending its known distribution worldwide. ABSTRACTA bioluminescent fungus produce light as a result of a chemical reaction within its body. The majority of fungi exhibiting bioluminescence are classified within the Mycenaceae which comprises a significant proportion of the known glowing fungi. One of those species which well noted worldwide is Mycena chlorophos. However, no clear record of M. chlorophos has been discovered in Indonesia. While engaging in our routine late-night mushroom foraging in IPB University Campus Forest (IPBUCF), some glowing basidiomata were encountered. This study sought to determine the taxonomic classification of the collected specimens through comprehensive morphological and molecular examinations. The fresh fruiting bodies were underwent thorough examination based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA-ITS region was conducted using ITS 1/2 primers, and the integration of morphological and molecular data verified that our specimens belong to Mycena chlorophos. By morphology, our specimen poses convex pileus with shallow depression at centre, viscid, shiny, adnexed lamellae with series of lamellae, ellipsoid and smooth basidiospores. The pileus and hymenophore glow vividly with a bright greenish hue in the darkness. The BLAST analysis indicated a 98% similarity between our specimen and Mycena chlorophos from China, ranking it among the top matches. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree positioned our specimens within the M. chlorophos clade with a 100% bootstrap support value. Our specimen was in sub clade with materials from Malaysia. The DNA sequence of our scpecimen has been registered to Gen Bank and can be used for future reference of bioluminescent fungi wordlwide. This research updates information regarding the distribution and characteristics of  M. chlorophos in Indonesia. The discovery of this species in the IPBUCF adds to the known geographical range of M. chlorophos near the anthropogenic activity in Indonesia. In addition, our result also contributes to the growing documentation of bioluminescent fungi in Indonesia, a region with high but underexplored fungal biodiversity.
ENHANCING THERAPEUTIC SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION BY COMPREHENSIVE BIOSTIMULANT INTEGRATION: HARMONIZING PLANT AND MICROBIAL EXTRACT: Significance of Microbial and Non-microbial Bio-stimulants G.V., Anjali; S., Tamilselvi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 December 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.3.2570

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS- Integrative insights into Non-microbial and Microbial Biostimulants.- Focus on enhancing significant secondary metabolites and plant quality.- Comprehensive analysis of sustainable agricultural practices.- Future scope and positive research directions in Biostimulants.- Role of biostimulants in stress resilience. ABSTRACTIn recent decades, biostimulants have become recognized as organic alternatives for promoting sustainable agricultural practices, extensively applied across agriculture, horticulture, ornamental plants, and greenhouses. Unlike biofertilizers and biopesticides, biostimulants are derived from plants, animals, and microbes and classified by their chemical composition. They are primarily divided into non-microbial and microbial biostimulants. Non-microbial biostimulants include humic substances, seaweeds, Chitosan, protein hydrolysates, amino acids, and inorganic compounds, while microbial biostimulants consist of plant growth-promoting bacteria and beneficial fungi. This review paper consolidates the recent positive effects of biostimulants on sustainable agriculture and outlines potential research areas for the future. Biostimulants serve as biocontrol agents that promote plant growth and development, also reported to enhance the production of valuable industrial therapeutic secondary metabolites. Traditionally, plants with medicinal properties have been used for natural remedies, and biostimulants aim to elevate the secondary metabolite content in these therapeutic plants. Additionally, the significance of both microbial and non-microbial biostimulants is touched upon. A review of existing literature indicates that biostimulants significantly boost nutrient absorption, enhance resilience against abiotic stress, replenish nutrients, and improve soil quality.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ECOTOURISM IN URBAN FORESTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS Ardiansyah, Rhomi; Nissauqodry, Stevie Vista; Kaharuddin; Utami, Retno Nur
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 1 January 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.1.2573

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS- Urban forests link biodiversity protection with public health and recreation- Five key research themes reflect ecological, social, and behavioral insights- Visitor experiences influence support for conservation and green behaviors- Most studies focus on the Global North, leaving tropical cities underexplored- A new framework shows how cities can balance nature, tourism, and well-beingABSTRACTIn the era of urbanization, urban forests play a crucial role in connecting biodiversity conservation and human well-being, providing recreational and tourism benefits in urban areas. This study aims to analyze the intersection of urban forests, biodiversity conservation, and their interaction with visitors, including preferences, perceptions, and behavior. We examine 83 open-access articles published between 2010 and 2025, retrieved from Scopus databases, and analyzed using bibliometric mapping and keyword co-occurrence analysis with VOSviewer, including clustering and thematic trends. This review identified five research clusters, which are (1) urban ecosystem and biodiversity, (2) recreational and ecotourism, (3) visitor preference and well-being, (4) human-nature interaction, and (5) behavioral science and health. Our results show that interdisciplinary studies on urban forests have been conducted since 2020, with a focus on environmental services, mental health, psychology, and pro-environmental behavior. However, research remains geographically biased toward the Global North, with limited representation from tropical and developing cities despite their rich biodiversity and rapid urbanization. This study proposes a conceptual framework that integrates the ecological and social dimensions of urban forest research. It emphasizes the need for place-based, behaviorally informed, and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize the multifunctional benefits of urban forests. As cities grow, urban forests, which serve as areas where people encounter biodiversity in the city, can act as strategic platforms for biodiversity conservation, community engagement, and enhancing public awareness and perceptions of the environment.

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