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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sains Dasar
Published by Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
ISSN : 20859872     EISSN : 24431273     DOI : 10.21831
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 250 Documents
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Characterization and Identification of Indol Acetic Acid Phytohormone-producing Bacteria from Corn Root (Zea mays L.) Rendha Putri Maharani; Nur Aeni Ariyanti; Suyitno Aloysius; Lili Sugiyarto
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v14i2.85793

Abstract

Rhizobacteria are endophytic bacteria that inhabit plant tissues and the rhizosphere, producing secondary metabolites that support plant growth. This study is an exploratory descriptive investigation aimed at characterizing and identifying IAA- and phytohormone-producing endophytic rhizobacteria isolated from the roots of corn plants (Zea mays L.). The rhizobacteria isolates producing IAA phytohormones were obtained by culturing bacteria in Yeast Peptone Broth (YPB) medium supplemented with L-tryptophan. Bacterial cultures (1 mL) were treated with Salkowski reagent, and absorbance was measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 530 nm. From 14 isolates, five were identified as producing the highest levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ranging from 17 to 50 ppm. Identification was conducted using the profile matching method to determine the genus of each rhizobacterium by comparing its characteristics with reference genera. Based on 62 tested traits, the five isolates exhibited diverse features, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, coccus-shaped morphology, circular and irregular colony configurations, lobate and undulate margins, convex, umbonate, and raised elevations, and colony colors ranging from white to yellowish, along with varied physiological (biochemical) test results. The identification results revealed bacteria with a similarity index of ≥70%, suggesting proximity to the genus Micrococcus (77.4%, isolate N), Rhizobium (80.6%, isolate D), and Shewanella (80.6%, isolate B; 87.1%, isolate V; and 91.9%, isolate E). This research provides an important contribution to the development of biofertilizers aimed at enhancing the growth and productivity of corn plants sustainably.
Physical Properties of Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) Seed Strach and its Associated Edible Film Synodalia C. Wattimena; Philip J. Patty
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v14i2.90720

Abstract

Starch has become a popular material as a substitute for conventional crude oil in plastic production. An edible film, a transparent thin film made from biobased materials, is one product that mostly uses starch. In this study, the starch of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) fruit seed was used to make an edible film, and the physical properties of the starch and its associated edible film were characterized. A light microscope was used to observe the shapes and size distribution of the granules, a basic component of the starch consisting of linear amylose and branched amylopectin chains, and XRD spectroscopy was used to characterize the crystalline properties of the starch. Most of the granules were in spherical shapes with some irregularities, and the diameter ranged from 1.11 to 6.67 µm. Based on the XRD data, durian seed starch can be classified as a B-type starch with a crystallinity index of 22.2%. An edible film made from durian seed looks transparent brownish with dark brown spots. Its water vapor transmission rate was 2.49±0.01 g/m²hour, water absorption 145.1±34.9%, and water solubility 13.36±0.86%.
RESPON ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI TANAMAN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L.Urban) TERHADAP KETINGGIAN TEMPAT YANG BERBEDA DI KULON PROGO Sugiyarto, Lili; Pradita, Deviayu Fajar
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 12 No. 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v12i2.60735

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon anatomi, fisiologi tanaman pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban) terhadap ketinggian tempat yang berbeda di Kulon Progo dan faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhinya.Penelitian observasi dengan metode purposive samplingini dilakukan di tiga tempat dengan ketinggian 0-400 mdpl, 400-800 mdpl dan 0-800 mdpl. Sampel penelitian ini adalah daun pegagan ke 3-4 dengan ukuran yang relatif sama dengan 3 kali ulangan setiap lokasi. Variabel yang diamati berupa penampang melintang daun, kerapatan stomata, kandungan klorofil (total, a, dan b) dan laju transpirasi pegagan serta faktor lingkungan(mikroklimatik dan edafik). Analisis data menggunakan IBM SPSS 26 dengan teknik varian satu jalur, uji lanjut dengan HSD Tukey, dan analisis korelasi, dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi lokasi maka kerapatan sel pada jaringan palisade dan bunga karang (daun menipis), kerapatan stomata adaksial berkurang, kandungan klorofil (total, a, dan b) bertambah. Laju transpirasi pegagan tidak berbeda pada ketiga lokasi. Faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh secaa signifikan adalah intensitas cahaya, suhu udara, kelembaban tanah, suhu tanah, kelembaban udara, pH dan kecepatan angin.
The Effect of Pellets and Natural Feed Combination in the Form of Insects on the Protein Content of Catfish (Clarias sp.) in the Minapadi Cultivation System Syfa Trinandita; Tien Aminatun; Suhartini; Rizka Apriani Putri; Budiwati; Arsyad Sujangka
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v14i2.83499

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of pellets and natural feed on catfish protein levels in the minapadi system. The method used was an experimental design with two feeding treatments, which were treatment A (a combination of pellets and natural feed) and treatment B (pellets only). The natural feed consisted of insects available within the minapadi system, while the pellets used were commercial pellets. The study was conducted for 76 days in the rice field area of Donotirto Village, Kapanewon Kretek, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Catfish protein content was tested using the Kjeldahl method. The data obtained was statistically analysed using an independent t-test. The average protein content of catfish in treatment A was 16.17%, whereas that in treatment B was 16.89%. The statistical analysis indicated that the combination of pellets and natural feed had no significant effect on the protein content of catfish. These results are presumably influenced by the limited availability of insects during the study, which limited their contribution as natural feed to significantly enhance the protein content of catfish. Theese finding indicates that the utilization of insects within the minapadi system requires improved management and adjustments in cultivation practices to increase their availability. Further studies are therefore necessary to explore alternative natural feed sources as well as modifications to the minapadi system that could enhance insect availability as an additional nutritional resource for catfish.
Predator-prey Model with Monod-Haldane Functional Response and Fear Effect on Prey Dynamics Nadila Agustin Eka Wulandari; Dian Savitri
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v14i2.93867

Abstract

This study investigates a predator–prey model incorporating the Monod–Haldane functional response and the fear effect on prey. The objective of this research is to analyze population dynamics and system stability under the influence of prey fear. The model is examined through equilibrium and stability analysis and verified using numerical simulations with phase portraits. The results demonstrate that the fear effect significantly alters the stability of the interior equilibrium point and affects predator–prey population dynamics. These findings highlight the important role of behavioral factors in shaping ecological interactions.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Staphylococcus aureus Coffee Fruit Peel Extract Solid Soap Mega Karina Putri; Eni Kartika Sari; Beta Ria Erika Marita Dellima
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v14i2.85496

Abstract

Bacterial skin infections remain a significant health concern, with Staphylococcus aureus being one of the common pathogens capable of infecting human skin. Preventive measures against such infections include maintaining personal hygiene, particularly through the use of cleansing products such as bath soaps. Fruit peels are known to contain bioactive compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols, that exhibit antibacterial properties. To enhance their usability, coffee fruit peels can be processed into extracts and formulated into transparent solid soap preparations. This study aimed to formulate solid soap containing coffee fruit peel extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity. The research employed an experimental method comprising several stages: material preparation, extract production, soap formulation, and evaluation of physical properties. These evaluations included organoleptic assessment, pH measurement, foam height and stability, free alkali content, and antibacterial activity testing. The results showed that the transparent solid soap met the criteria for a good-quality solid preparation. Among the tested formulations, Formula 3 demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity.
Antioxidant Activity Test of Vanilla Leaf Kombucha Tea with Variations in Fermentation Time Eva Agustina; Esti Tyastirin; Risa Purnamasari; Nova Lusiana; Funsu Andiarna
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v14i2.88114

Abstract

Kombucha tea is a fermented tea leaf drink with added sugar and Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY). Vanilla leaves (Vanilla planifolia) have the potential to be the basic ingredient for making kombucha tea. Variations in fermentation time in tea making can affect the content of active compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of kombucha tea with variations in fermentation time. The fermentation time for making vanilla leaf kombucha tea is 0, 4, 8, and 12 days. The phenolic compounds were known by the Folin–Ciocalteu method using the gallic acid standard, while the antioxidant activity was known by the free radical inhibition method 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed that the levels of phenolic compounds at fermentation times of 0, 4, 8, and 12 days were 37.99, 42.188, 57.58, respectively, and 50.53 mg/L GAE. The highest phenolic levels are found at the 8th day of fermentation. The IC50 values for fermentation times of 0, 4, 8, and 12 consecutive days were 18%, 7.9%, 4%, and 7.7% v/v. An IC50 value < 50 indicates strong antioxidant activity. Vanilla leaf kombucha tea has the potential to be a beverage product that is beneficial for health due to its content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity.
The Comparative Analysis of Hardness Values in FC250 Cast Iron Based on Literature Studies Hafizh Rizki Husain; Aji Bangun Nugroho; Syahrul Muhammad; Dina Tresnawati Pasaribu; Ruland Paonganan Pulio
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v15i1.90285

Abstract

Gray cast iron (FC250) is a material widely used in engine components, such as cylinder sleeves and brake shoes, due to its good mechanical properties and economical production process. This study aims to analyze the comparative hardness value of FC250 cast iron based on literature studies and laboratory test results. The methods used include chemical composition testing using an Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES) and hardness testing using a Vickers Matsuzawa VMT-7 on four cylinder sleeve samples. The test results show that the chemical content of FC250 is relatively in accordance with standards, although there are small variations in C, Si, and S elements when compared to the literature. The average hardness value of the tested cylinder sleeves is 192.3 HB, lower than the reference FC250 hardness value of ±220 HB. This difference indicates the influence of chemical composition, microstructural phase distribution, and casting process factors on the mechanical properties of the material. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of composition control and casting parameters to obtain material quality according to application standards.
Effects of Variable Heat Sources and Activation Energy on Casson Nanofluid Flow: A Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux Approach Chandrakala Panguluri; Sivaiah Sreeramula; Tulasi Lakshmi Devi B; Devika Dabke
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v15i1.90375

Abstract

This study investigates MHD convective heat transfer of Casson nanofluid past a stretched cylinder using the Catano-Christov model, incorporating activation energy, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and variable heat sources. The governing equations are reduced via similarity transformations and solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta shooting method and BVP4C in MATHEMATICA. Results indicate that velocity increases with the Casson parameter, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Eckert number, activation energy, and heat sources. Temperature rises with Deborah numbers, while nanoconcentration decreases with the first Deborah number and increases with the second; activation energy lowers nanoconcentration. Heat transfer rates vary inversely with Deborah numbers. This novel integration of advanced heat flux modelling and activation energy provides valuable insights for optimizing heat and mass transfer in chemical, energy, electronic, and biomedical systems.
Stability Analysis of Rice-Rat-Snake Population Dynamics Using Three Species Lotka-Volterra Model Zakaria; Dian Savitri
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v14i2.93868

Abstract

Rice production is often threatened by rat infestations, which can significantly reduce yield and disrupt food security. Incorporating biological predators, such as snakes, is considered a potential natural solution to suppress rat populations. This study aims to analyze the population stability of a rice-rat-snake ecological system using a mathematical modeling approach. A three-species Lotka–Volterra model is formulated to represent the growth of rice as the primary resource, rats as consumers, and snakes as predators. A literature study method is used to construct the model structure and assign biologically reasonable parameters. Stability analysis is performed by determining equilibrium points and examining their local stability through Jacobian evaluation. Numerical simulations are then carried out to illustrate the temporal behavior of the interacting populations. The results reveal the existence of a stable coexistence equilibrium, indicating that all three species can persist in balance under suitable ecological conditions. The simulation outputs show damped oscillatory dynamics that gradually converge to this equilibrium state. These findings suggest that the presence of snakes as natural predators plays a beneficial role in controlling rat populations, thereby supporting the maintenance of stable rice yields. This study highlights the potential contribution of biological control in enhancing the sustainability of rice farming ecosystems.

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