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INDONESIA
VISIKES
Published by Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
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Core Subject : Education,
Education
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Articles 500 Documents
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Knowledge and Breast Self-Examination Practice Among Health and Non-Health University Students M Badzlul Rahmansyah; Farhan Aqil Putra Hermawan; Nurhidayati Nurhidayati; Rizka Vidya Lestari; Hanan Afifah
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i1.15950

Abstract

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy in Mataram City, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages due to inadequate early screening. This study aims to analyze the relationship between breast cancer knowledge and Breast Self-Examination (BSE/SADARI) practice among health and non-health university students in Mataram. An observational analytic quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was utilized. Data were collected from 256 female students across multiple universities in Mataram using a validated questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, selected through quota sampling. Data analysis included univariate descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and Independent Sample T-tests. The results revealed that 41.4% of respondents had poor knowledge, while 56.3% demonstrated poor BSE practices. Bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant positive relationship between knowledge levels and BSE practice (), although the correlation strength was relatively weak. Students in the health cluster demonstrated significantly higher scores in both knowledge and practice compared to those in the non-health cluster (). This study concludes that while knowledge serves as a foundational requirement, a prominent "knowledge-practice gap" exists, likely influenced by psychological barriers such as fear and forgetfulness. Future interventions should move beyond disseminating theoretical facts and focus on digital-based technical training and self-efficacy to bridge the gap between awareness and consistent preventive behavior among university students.  
Patterns of Fracture - Causing Traffic Injuries and Accuracy of ICD-10 External Cause Coding: A Case Study at a Type B Hospital in Semarang Dyah Ernawati; Novenda Kusuma Putri; Maulana Tomy Abiyasa
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i1.15956

Abstract

Traffic accidents, particularly motorcycle crashes, constitute a leading cause of musculoskeletal fractures in urban Indonesia, yet inaccurate ICD-10 external cause coding undermines epidemiological surveillance and injury prevention efforts. This study aimed to analyze patterns of accident causes leading to fractures and evaluate the accuracy of external cause coding in medical records at a Type B hospital in Semarang. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted using retrospective observation of 88 inpatient medical record documents for fracture cases in 2022, sampled via the Slovin formula from a population of 757 cases. Data on accident patterns (type, location, activity) and coding accuracy were extracted per ICD-10 guidelines (V01-Y98), with conformity assessed descriptively based on completeness to the fifth character and alignment with clinical chronology. Motorcycle accidents dominated (58.8%), primarily traffic-related driver injuries (72.0%), followed by falls (31.8%); non-traffic incidents frequently occurred at home (74.3%). Fracture coding accuracy reached 69.3%, but external cause coding was critically low at 19.3%, with major discrepancies in accident type (56.3%), location (33.8%), and activity (9.9%). These findings highlight systemic coding deficiencies that distort injury epidemiology data. Enhanced coder training, standardized chronology documentation, and hospital policies for external cause coding are recommended to improve data quality for public health interventions.
Cost-Effectiveness of Antihypertensive Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Patients Rowiyah Sufi Nurul Janah; F.X. Sulistiyanto Wibowo S; Yustisia Dian Advistasari
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i1.16101

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is an acute condition caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain due to blood vessel obstruction, which can lead to permanent disability and death. Hypertension is a major risk factor and the most common comorbidity in ischemic stroke patients. The use of antihypertensive therapy in stroke patients plays a crucial role in controlling blood pressure and preventing complications, but it also increases the burden of medical costs. Therefore, a pharmacoeconomic evaluation is necessary to assess the cost-effectiveness of the therapy. This study aims to analyze patient characteristics and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of oral antihypertensive therapy in ischemic stroke patients at Hospital "X" from September 2024 to August 2025. The method used was Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) with the Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER), in which the therapy with the lowest ACER is considered the most cost-effective. The results showed that the majority of patients were male (32 patients), and the largest age group was elderly aged 56–65 years (23 patients), with an average length of stay of 4.63 days. As a single therapy, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) demonstrated the lowest ACER value of Rp34,013.77, making them the most cost-effective therapy. In combination therapy, the combination of CCBs and beta-blockers had the lowest ACER value (Rp29,766.44). These results indicate that selecting the right antihypertensive therapy can improve cost efficiency and support more rational healthcare delivery.
Readiness of RSUD X in the Implementation of Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) Muthiah Amaliah; Zilfadhilah Arranury; Sitti Raodhah
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i1.16180

Abstract

The Standard Inpatient Class (Kelas Rawat Inap Standar / KRIS) is a policy embedded within Indonesia's National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional / JKN) Programme, designed to achieve equity in inpatient services for all BPJS Kesehatan participants by replacing the three-tier ward system (Classes I–III) with a single minimum standard. This study aimed to analyse the readiness of Daya Regional General Hospital (RSUD Daya), Makassar City, in implementing KRIS. A qualitative case study design was employed. Seven informants were selected through purposive sampling, comprising the Vice Director of Medical Services (key informant), three main informants (Head of Nursing Division, Head of General Affairs, Planning Staff), and three supporting informants (Head of Surgical Ward, Head of Mawar Ward, and a bedside nurse). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct physical observation of four representative wards using a 12-criteria KRIS checklist with calibrated instruments (lux metre, thermohygrometer, measuring tape), and hospital document review. Data analysis followed the Miles-Huberman-Saldana model (reduction, presentation, conclusion-drawing), with source and method triangulation applied to verify validity. Results showed that the KRIS policy was well understood at all management levels and phased governance steps had been initiated since 2023. However, implementation remained incomplete due to constrained budget and ageing building conditions. Of 12 technical KRIS criteria, seven were consistently met. Persistent non-conformities were identified in inter-bed spacing, sleep lighting, room humidity, and curtain floor clearance.
Posyandu Cadres’ Readiness in The Implementation of Integrated Primary Health Care Zyana Nafilul Ahsaniar; Ririn Nurmandhani; Eti Rimawati; Firmansyah Kholiq Pradana; Vilda Ana Veria Setyawati; Muhammad Iqbal
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i1.16156

Abstract

The transformation of Posyandu into the Integrated Primary Health Care (ILP) model was initiated by Indonesia’s Ministry of Health to strengthen primary health care services. The success of this transformation depends on the readiness of Posyandu cadres, who act as key field implementers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between change valence and information assessment with cadre readiness in supporting ILP implementation in Banyumanik District, Semarang City. A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 50 Posyandu cadres (n = 50) selected using multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-square test with prevalence ratio (PR) analysisA crosssectional quantitative design was employed, using a validated questionnaire distributed to 50 cadres selected through multistage random sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The findings showed a significant relationship between change valence and cadre readiness (p = 0.001; PR = 10.00), as well as between information assessment and readiness (p = 0.001; PR = 29.13). Cadres who had positive perceptions of change and received adequate information were more likely to be ready to implement ILP. The study recommends that local governments enhance documentation of training outcomes and that Puskesmas and Posyandu coordinators develop structured mentoring and certification systems. These efforts are crucial to improving cadre readiness and ensuring sustainable implementation of ILP at the community level.
Spatial and Descriptive Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Cases in the Ngaliyan Primary Health Care in 2022-2024 Wayan Susi; Aprianti Aprianti; Julia Novitasari; Bimantara Agum Putra Wicaksono; Ibnu Koirul Abidin; Muhammad Faishal Nuur Raqiib; Dewi Sahra Sabila Fira
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i2.15688

Abstract

Background: In Ngaliyan Primary Health Care, Semarang City, there were 378 cases of tuberculosis (TB) during 2022–2024, with the highest number recorded in 2023. The uneven distribution of cases between areas indicates the need for spatial analysis. Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis cases based on person, place, and time. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study with a spatial epidemiology approach was conducted using secondary data from 378 tuberculosis cases. Spatial mapping was performed using QGIS at the village and RW (community unit) levels, accompanied by descriptive analysis. Results: Tuberculosis cases were overall more common among adults and males. Spatial concentrations were observed in Bringin Village (103 cases) and Wates Village (65 cases), with RW 1 in Wates showing the highest case concentration during 2022–2024. Conclusion: Tuberculosis cases showed an uneven spatial distribution, with high concentrations in specific villages and RWs.
Tuberculosis Control Based on Integrated Primary Healthcare at Mulyorejo Community Health Center in Surabaya Lilik Djuari; Daryn Ikrima Mumtaz Zahravi; Diva Khansadea Fyamanda; Dini Agustin; Fadli Januar; Farahdiva Audrey Widyanrika; Erlisa Pamodya Wardani; Fawwaz Rahman Hakim; Athalia Khairunnisa; Ranti Ana Ningsih; Erna Mindarti
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i2.15809

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem requiring strengthened control at the primary health care level. This study aimed to analyze TB control problems and formulate alternative solutions based on Integrated Primary Care (ILP) principles at the Mulyorejo Community Health Center, Surabaya. A descriptive analytical design with a case study approach was used. Data were obtained from the 2024 Community Health Center Performance Assessment (PKP), TB program reports, health profiles of Surabaya City and East Java Province, discussions with the TB program officer and relevant health workers, and observations of TB control activities. Priority problems were identified using the Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth (USG) method, followed by root-cause analysis using a fishbone diagram. The coverage of TB case detection and treatment reached 50% against a program target of 90%, resulting in a 40-percentage-point gap. USG analysis identified low TB case detection and treatment coverage as the highest-priority problem, with a score of 15. Fishbone analysis identified interconnected factors, including limited human resources and workload, predominantly passive case finding, limitations in screening activities, limited community and cadre involvement, and challenges in recording and reporting. Alternative solutions included community-based TB education, the use of educational media, and strengthening community health cadre involvement in TB case finding and prevention. TB control at the Mulyorejo Community Health Center has not yet achieved the program target. An integrated approach involving active case finding, community and cadre engagement, health education, treatment adherence support, and improved use of TB program data is needed within the ILP framework.
Health Promotion Based Hygiene and Sanitation Practices: An Observational Study of Food Handlers’ Behavior and Kitchen Facility Cleanliness at Megah Kupi Restaurant, Medan, Indonesia Solihin Solihin; Annisa Febriana Siregar; Syatrio Pradana; Yemima Stefani Duha; Sophia De Laura Pasaribu; Mukhtar Kahewa Woli; Alex Sumardin Lase
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i2.16286

Abstract

Food safety remains a major public health concern in food service settings because inadequate hygiene and sanitation may increase contamination risks. This study aimed to describe health promotion based hygiene and sanitation practices, focusing on kitchen sanitation facilities and food handlers’ behavior at Megah Kupi Restaurant, Medan, Indonesia. A descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach was conducted in the restaurant kitchen during 2026. The study included all food handlers and sanitation facility components observed during the study period using a structured observation checklist and photographic documentation. Ten kitchen sanitation indicators and ten food handler behavior indicators were assessed as compliant or non compliant. The mean of the indicator level compliance percentages presented in the tables was 56.5% for kitchen sanitation facilities and 73.5% for food handlers’ behavior, giving an overall descriptive mean of 65.0%. Major sanitation deficiencies included the absence of a grease trap and employee lockers, inadequate pest and rodent prevention, incomplete wastewater drainage coverage, and concerns regarding water quality. Behavioral deficiencies included inconsistent use of hair covers and food covers during serving. The findings indicate that hygiene and sanitation practices had not been implemented optimally. Strengthening sanitation infrastructure, routine supervision, food safety education, and supportive workplace policies is recommended to improve hygienic behavior and reduce food contamination risks. The observation also identified variation among individual indicators, with the highest compliance found for kitchen floors, utensil washing facilities, apron use, and non-smoking behavior. These findings provide a descriptive basis for prioritizing facility improvement and reinforcement of hygienic practices through routine health promotion activities.
Determinants of Disease Risks Among Waste Pickers: The Role of PPE Availability, Compliance, Workplace Conditions, and Worker Behavior R. Azizah; Juliana Jalaludin; Edi Winarko; Sudarmaji Sudarmaji; Arifqah Dhiya Ulhaq; Mifaidah Kusumawati; Zaneta Aaqilah Salsabila; Zafira Nuha Naura; Novi Dian Arfiani; Agus Bintara Birawida; Edza Aria Wikurendra; Fariha Zahra Aghnia
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i2.17652

Abstract

Waste pickers face a high risk of diseases due to exposure to waste and would exacerbated by limited use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and inadequate working conditions. This study is part of a community service program aimed at improving health protection for workers in the informal sector. A quantitative cross-sectional design using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was employed. Data were collected at the Arista Langgeng waste scrapper site in 2025 through structured questionnaires and field observations involving 60 waste pickers. The analysis was performed using SmartPLS software with the bootstrapping technique to test the significance of relationships among variables. Results showed that PPE availability and compliance significantly affected workers' attitudes (β = 0.301; p = 0.008) and practices (β = 0.595; p = 0.000). Environmental conditions strongly influenced attitudes (β = 0.518; p = 0.000). Attitude was linked to typhoid risk (β = 0.515; p = 0.005), while practice affected diarrhea risk (β = 0.389; p = 0.009). PPE use indirectly reduced these risks through attitude and practice as mediators. In conclusion, promoting PPE availability and compliance among Arista Langgeng waste pickers is vital for reducing diarrhea and typhoid risk through improved occupational health behavior
Factors Associated With Community Behavior In Household Waste Management In Paya Bakung Village, Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency Dhea Amanda Putri; Solihin Solihin; Asnita Yani; Balqis Nurmauli Damanik
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i2.17945

Abstract

Household waste management behavior is an important factor in maintaining environmental cleanliness and preventing various public health problems. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with community behavior in household waste management in Paya Bakung Village, Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. This study employed a quantitative method with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 96 respondents selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and direct observation, while data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test. The results showed significant associations between educational level (p = 0.002), knowledge (p = 0.014), attitude (p = 0.001), and waste management facilities and infrastructure (p = 0.000) and community behavior in household waste management. In conclusion, educational level, knowledge, attitude, and waste management facilities and infrastructure were significantly associated with household waste management behavior in Paya Bakung Village, Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. The community is encouraged to improve household waste management practices by separating waste at its source, reducing the habit of burning waste around the home, and implementing the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle).

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