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Insignia: Journal of International Relations
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 20891962     EISSN : 25979868     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
Insignia Journal of International Relations is published biannually (April & November) by Laboratorium of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University. This journal contains articles or publications from all issues of International Relations such as: International Politics, Foreign Policy, Security Studies, International Political Economy, Transnational Studies, Area Studies & Non-traditional Issues.
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Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024" : 6 Documents clear
The Outlook of Brazilian Amazon Forest Restoration under The Leadership of President Lula da Silva Numadi, Katong Ragawi
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.9853

Abstract

The implementation of anti-environmental policies during the conservative government under President Jair Bolsonaro has resulted in the destruction of the Brazilian Amazon forest region. The deforestation rate, which had previously decreased, started to climb significantly in 2019. The devastating forest fires that hit the Amazon at the end of this year is indivisible from the government's neglect. The re-election of Lula da Silva as President of Brazil in 2023 sparked great optimism among the Brazilians and international public for restoring Brazilian Amazon forestbecause Lula, as Brazil president for two previous periods, had succeeded in reducing the deforestation and destruction of the Brazilian Amazon forest to its lowest point in 2003-2011. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the vision of restoring the Brazilian Amazon forest under the new government of Lula da Silva. This study uses a qualitative method that relies on various information originating from government documents, related books and journals, online news reports, and several other types of secondary data. Based on the initial research, Lula has carried out multiple programs related to Amazon Forest restoration, from initiating sustainable economic development to strengthening law enforcement, protecting indigenous communities, and strengthening cooperation with the international community. As a result, the level of deforestation and forest fires in the Amazon has now followed a significant downward trend. Keywords: Amazon, Brazil, Lula da Silva
Indonesia's Opportunities and Challenges in IK-CEPA: Bilateral Free Trade Agreement with South Korea Maulidita, Salismi Zulfi; Darmanto, Darmanto
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.9926

Abstract

The IK-CEPA was officially implemented in 2023 as a commitment between Indonesia and South Korea to cooperate in marketing and fulfil commodity needs, aiming for better and more sustainable economic development. This paper seeks to investigate the opportunities and challenges faced by Indonesia in implementing the IK-CEPA. The comparative method is applied to analyze the secondary data sourced from official publications on bilateral agreements between the two countries, and statistical data on investment, trade, and the country’s trade balance. A comparative data analysis was conducted by comparing the IK-CEPA with the previously implemented free trade agreement (FTA) in Indonesia with similar values, namely the IA-CEPA. In this paper, the IA-CEPA serves as a crucial point of comparison from which analytical results concerning the potential opportunities or challenges of the IK-CEPA were derived, focusing on several indicators like foreign direct investment (FDI) flow, trade value, and trade balance. The results show that Indonesia has the opportunity to: (1) increase the FDI value; (2) increase trade values with South Korea; and (3) improve the trade balance with South Korea to achieve a surplus. Two challenges for Indonesia in this endeavor include failure to achieve a trade balance surplus and the need for maximum utilization of the IK-CEPA by the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Keywords: bilateral cooperation, comparative analysis, free trade agreement, IK-CEPA
Indonesia Diplomacy in Protecting the Rights of Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Malaysia (2017-2022) Novia, Hana; Djelantik, Sukawarsini
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.10087

Abstract

This research aims to discuss the diplomatic efforts made by the Indonesian government to protect Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in the domestic sector in Malaysia, where the majority of PMI are undocumented. In this case, the Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur is the representative of the Republic of Indonesia in Malaysia, which provides services and protection for Indonesian Citizens (Indonesian citizens) who stay in Malaysia, including human rights and migrant worker rights that every worker must have. This research will use qualitative methods with data collection techniques from observation, interviews, participation, and literature study originating from books, journals, articles, official reports, and online news. This research implements the track one diplomacy, negotiations, and international migration concept. The findings of this study show that the Indonesian government is making diplomatic efforts with Malaysia to provide maximum protection for PMI in the domestic sector of Malaysia. One of the ways the government provides PMI protection is through lengthy negotiations with Malaysia, which eventually resulted in a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Malaysia in April 2022. Keywords: Track One Diplomacy, Indonesian Migrant Workers, Protection of Human Rights, Workers Rights
Strategic Hedging in ASEAN: A Response to the Rise of (Beijing and) Washington Santoso, Yulida Nuraini
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.10606

Abstract

This article problematizes three predominant narratives surrounding the behavior of ASEAN member states and the rivalry between Beijing and Washington in the context of ASEAN’s political security. This qualitative research is developed through a mixed assessment of documents, archive, and literature reviews combined with behavioral and contextual observations. Firstly, it questions the narrative of the ‘assertiveness’ of China as a rising power. With close trading relations dating back to the first dynasties, this Paper argues that the notion of China’s assertiveness and aggression is misplaced. As a key regional trade partner, China was never a threat to ASEAN countries. This narrative developed with the growing interest of the United States to contain the region from China over the years. As such, there lies a gap in the literature, which leads to the singling out of narratives that better explain the holistic relation between ASEAN states and China. Secondly, this article surfaces the lack of consistent commitment of the US to the Asia Pacific (also referred to as the ‘Asia Pivot’), other than to signify its interest in aggressively preventing China from dominating the Indo-Pacific. In this sense, the US’ behavior is viewed less as a great power but more as a greatly reactive one. Lastly, hedging is analyzed here as a necessary response to the dynamics of the Indo-Pacific arena and not a manner of indecisiveness among member states, often claimed as ‘small states’ in the face of the rivalry taking place in its backyard. Keywords: ASEAN, assertiveness, China, hedging, strategy
Gender Segregation in the Labour Market in the Indo-Pacific Region: A Case Study of Indonesia, Vietnam, and India Dewi, Ni Nyoman Clara; Al Putra, Ferdian Ahya; Wijanarka, Tunjung
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.11200

Abstract

Abstracts Gender segregation manifests in two different ways: horizontal segregation, which reflects the disproportionate representation of women and men in specific jobs or industries, and vertical segregation, which is seen in leadership hierarchies where men dominate managerial roles. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that nearly 100 million women in Asia are degraded due to discriminatory practices. Research from the International Labour Organization (ILO) also revealed job advertisements that were gender-biased and prioritized male candidates, thus perpetuating stereotypical job roles. Focusing on India, Indians, and Vietnam, this research investigates the alarming statistics demonstrating a gender gap. In Vietnam, women hold only a few positions in parliament and face a pay gap based on gender bias. Research in Indonesia highlights that women rarely occupy leadership roles and that working conditions tend to be discriminatory. In India, urban areas experience high gender segregation based on employment gaps. Patriarchal social norms and cultural biases increasingly contribute to women's subordinate roles. Through qualitative research based on library data collection, this research seeks to comprehensively analyze and overcome the complex challenges posed by gender segregation in the labor market in the three Indo-Pacific countries. These three countries are exciting representations of how gender segregation can be seen and depicted in real terms through the very high number of workers in these three countries. This research concludes that gender segregation in the workforce is a fundamental form that is difficult to eradicate. However, a comprehensive multi-sector role can be an alternative form of effort to reduce gender disparities in the workforce. Keywords: gender segregation, glass ceiling, labor market, Indo-Pacific, the pay gap Abstrak Segregasi gender terwujud dalam dua bentuk cara yang berbeda: segregasi horizontal, yang mencerminkan keterwakilan perempuan dan laki-laki yang tidak proporsional dalam pekerjaan atau industri tertentu, dan segregasi vertikal, yang terlihat dalam hierarki kepemimpinan di mana laki-laki mendominasi peran manajerial. Asian Development Bank (ADB) memperkirakan bahwa hampir 100 juta perempuan di Asia terdegradasi karena praktik yang diskriminatif. Penelitian dari International Labour Organization (ILO) juga mengungkapkan iklan pekerjaan yang bias gender dan mengutamakan kandidat laki-laki, sehingga melanggengkan peran pekerjaan yang sifatnya stereotip. Berfokus pada India, India, dan Vietnam, penelitian ini menyelidiki statistik mengkhawatirkan yang menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan gender. Di Vietnam, perempuan hanya menduduki sedikit posisi di parlemen dan menghadapi kesenjangan upah berdasarkan bias gender. Penelitian di Indonesia menyoroti jaranya perempuan menduduki kepemimpinan dan kondisi kerja cenderung diskriminatif. Di India, wilayah perkotaan mengalami segregasi gender yang tinggi berdasarkan kesenjangan pekerjaan. Norma-norma sosial dan bias budaya yang bersifat patriarki semakin berkontribusi terhadap peran subordinat perempuan. Melalui penelitian kualitatif berbasis pengumpulan data secara studi pustaka, penelitian ini berupaya untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif dan mengatasi tantangan rumit yang ditimbulkan oleh segregasi gender di pasar tenaga kerja di ketiga negara Indo-Pasifik tersebut. Ketiga negara ini menjadi representasi menarik mengenai bagaimana segregasi gender dapat dilihat dan digambarkan secara nyata melalui jumlah tenaga kerja yang sangat tinggi di ketiga negara tersebut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa segregasi gender dalam lingkup tenaga kerja menjadi bentuk nyata yang sulit untuk dihapuskan, namun melalui peran komprehensif multisektor dapat menjadi bentuk alternatif upaya untuk mengurangi disparitas gender dalam tenaga kerja. Kata kunci: segregasi gender, langit-langit kaca, pasar tenaga kerja, Indo-Pasifik, kesenjangan upah
China's Health Diplomacy Strategy During COVID-19 Crisis 2020-2022 Kartodirdjo, Azzizah; Rahman, Muhammad Sigit Andhi
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.11296

Abstract

In time of crisis like COVID-19 outbreak, China’s health diplomacy has become a spotlight in terms of its international momentum in dealing the virus. This research is important to know how health diplomacy can be used as an effective foreign policy. The research question in this paper asks how did China conduct health diplomacy during the COVID-19 crisis from 2020 to 2022. This research used descriptive and literature research methods by collecting secondary data from related research and international organization, WHO, as main source for COVID-19 data. The data were analyzed using neoclassical realism theory. Not to mention, there is not much literature that analyzes China's before until the recent "New Normal" situation. When COVID-19 emerge, it simultaneously transforms its health diplomacy into vaccine diplomacy that begins from the first outbreak of the virus. It underwent scrutiny and criticism from other countries as they were sceptical about whether it is purely on conducting global health diplomacy or China's way of promoting a strategic framework. It also has a clear intention that its action is also to appease the world view toward its role since the virus is from Wuhan, a city in China. This research concludes international system can affect state behaviour toward its relations with other countries by examining China's health diplomacy. Keywords: China’s Foreign Policy, Global Health Diplomacy, Vaccine Diplomacy

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