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Media Farmasi : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi (Journal Of Pharmaceutical Science)
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 14127946     EISSN : 25035223     DOI : 10.12928
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology
Media Farmasi is a scientific journal published by the University of Ahmad Dahlan worked closely with Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI). Media Farmasi published two times a year, namely in March and September since 2002 with ISSN 1412-7946 and e-ISSN 2503-5223. The article published in the Journal Media Farmasi selected by editors and reviewed by the reviewer. Articles published in Media Farmasi must not be published in other journals or have been previously published. Media Farmasi publishes a review article, original article, as well as short communication in all scopes of Pharmaceutical Science.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 462 Documents
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Evaluation of the Interaction Between Amoxicillin and NADES Extract of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Against Staphylococcus aureus Using the AZDAST Method Tirta Fitri Aryani; Dhigna Luthfiyani Citra Pradana; Andiri Niza Syarifah Niza Syarifah; Eldiza Puji Rahmi Puji Rahmi
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 23 No. 2 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v23i2.32628

Abstract

The increasingly alarming cases of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to amoxicillin have spurred the search for antibacterial agents that can be co-administered with antibiotics through the addition of combination agents such as butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.). To obtain these bioactive compounds, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) can be used for optimal and environmentally friendly extraction. This study aims to determine the interaction patterns between amoxicillin and butterfly pea flowers extracted with NADES against S. aureus using the AZDAST method. The butterfly pea flowers were extracted using the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method with choline chloride-glycerol NADES. The evaluation examined the physical properties of the extract, the phytochemical profile, the total anthocyanin content, and the diameter of the inhibition zone for both agents individually and in combination (amoxicillin and NADES extract from butterfly pea flowers). The interaction analysis was conducted using various top-bottom disc arrangements (AE and EA), different extract concentrations (100%, 90%, and 80%), and different incubation times (12, 18, and 24 hours). Physical evaluation showed that the extract was a thick, oily liquid with a striking dark blue color, a density of 1.130 g/cm³, a viscosity of 6.752 cP, and a pH of 4.93. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins. The highest total anthocyanin content was found at a 100% concentration (75.590 ± 0.193 mg/L), which is equivalent to 0.100 mg/g of flower petals. Based on AZDAST interaction testing, the combination of amoxicillin and NADES extract from butterfly pea flowers produced an antagonistic interaction according to the AZDAST criteria, which is characterized by a reduction in the inhibition-zone diameter. The viscosity of the extract (6.752 cP) is hypothesized to be one of the factors that may create a diffusion barrier, thereby inhibiting the penetration of the active compound into the agar. In addition to viscosity, the bacteriostatic properties of the extract may also interfere with the bactericidal effectiveness of amoxicillin. This study shows that the addition of NADES extract from butterfly pea flowers actually significantly reduces the diameter of the amoxicillin inhibition zone under the tested AZDAST conditions, distinguishing this physical interaction from a general biological incompatibility compared to the use of amoxicillin alone.
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolic Content from Portulaca oleracea L. Using Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology Aditya Sindu Sakti; Li’izzah Diana Manzil; Nur Asma S. Somadayo
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 23 No. 2 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v23i2.32763

Abstract

Portulaca oleracea L. is an underutilized species with great potential as a source of phenolic compounds, but the extraction conditions strongly affect the recovery of these compounds. This study aimed to optimize the parameters of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for maximum total phenolic content (TPC) of P. oleracea by response surface methodology (RSM). Firstly, single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the suitable ranges of extraction time, ethanol concentration and extraction temperature. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents per gram (mg GAE/g) and these variables were optimized using a three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken experimental design comprising a total of 15 experimental trials. The experimental TPC values obtained from Box–Behnken design ranged from 158.332±19.900 to 252.450±8.260 mg GAE/g. The experimental response was well explained by a quadratic model which was statistically significant (F=14.71, p=0.0043, R2 = 0.9636, adjusted R2 = 0.8981, predicted R2 = 0.7360 and lack of fit p=0.7805). The strongest linear effect was found for the extraction time. The quadratic terms of extraction time and ethanol concentration were significant. Numerical optimization predicted extraction time of 53.045 min, ethanol concentration of 69.233 % and temperature of 13.507 °C. The predicted TPC was 231.17 mg GAE/g with overall desirability of 0.880. The experimental confirmation gave a TPC of 193.83±6.874 mg mg GAE/g (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), n = 3), being approximately 16.1% lower than the expected value. Overall, RSM successfully characterized the nonlinear effects of the extraction parameters and provided an optimal UAE operational zone regarding phenolic extraction from P. oleracea at about 53 min, 69% ethanol and 13–14 °C.

Page 47 of 47 | Total Record : 462

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