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Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24075825     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.20890
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
The journal publishes writings on (1) historiography, (2) philosophy of history, (3) history of education, and (4) history educaiton. Historiography means the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. Historiography studies cover chronologically various themes, such as local history, social history, cultural history, economic history, political history, military history, intellectual history, environmental history, and other historical studies. Philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. History of education is a study of the past that focuses on educational issues. These include education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past. History education includes studies of how history teaches in school or society, curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 742 Documents
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Nobility and Land System in the Pre-Colonial Era of the Surakarta and Yogyakarta Kingdoms
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 30, No 2 (2020): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v30i2.23692

Abstract

This article discusses apanage land belonging to the village heads, which is a legacy of the land system in the era of pre-colonial Surakarta and Yogyakarta kingdoms or what is termed as Vorstenlanden. This paper is aimed to find out how the feudal and nobility system in Java, which in the colonial era was very vulnerable to intervention and politics of splitting or fighting. To answering this question, a study will be conducted on the history of the Islamic Mataram kingdom until the era of Surakarta and Yogyakarta, en focusing on the analysis of the apanage and nobility systems. The method used is a historical method that consists of four steps, namely, heuristics, textual criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research shows high officials and royal aristocrats have the power and the right to collect land tax and labor. A decline in the degree of nobility in Java will also affect the extent or amount of apanage land obtained. In the other side, the peasant only enjoy a small portion of the results of working on land or rice fields. Artikel ini membahas tentang tanah apanage milik para kepala desa yang merupakan     peninggalan sistem pertanahan di era pra-kolonial kerajaan Surakarta dan Yogyakarta atau yang disebut dengan Vorstenlanden. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem feodal dan bangsawan di Jawa yang pada masa penjajahan sangat rentan terhadap intervensi dan politik perpecahan atau perkelahian. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, dilakukan studi tentang sejarah kerajaan Mataram Islam hingga era Surakarta dan Yogyakarta, dengan fokus pada analisis sistem bangsawan dan bangsawan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik tekstual, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pejabat tinggi dan bangsawan kerajaan memiliki kekuasaan dan hak untuk memungut pajak tanah dan tenaga kerja. Penurunan derajat kebangsawanan di Jawa juga akan mempengaruhi luasan atau jumlah rata-rata tanah yang diperoleh. Di sisi lain, petani hanya menikmati sebagian kecil dari hasil menggarap lahan atau sawah. 
THE INDONESIAN TEACHERS’ DILEMMAS FROM COLONIAL TO REFORMASI ERA: NON-PERMANENT TEACHERS’ WELFARE AND STATUS ISSUES
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 1 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i1.18613

Abstract

 This article begins with the historiographic condition of teacher and teacher education which are still rare in demand in Indonesia. The purpose of this article is to describe historically the condition of teacher education, teacher welfare, and teacher status in Indonesia since the Dutch East Indies era to the Reformation era. The sources of the data for this paper are mostly from documents concerning on teacher policies in the past. Oral sources are also used as the complement to the research data. The important findings in this research are (i) there were differences in teacher education between the Dutch East Indies era and independence era that in the colonial era, teacher welfare and status were guaranteed by the government, but the education was still exclusive and very difficult to access by Bumiputera; (ii) teachers in the Japanese colonial era functioned as a means to make Japan win in the Greater East Asia war, welfare was not taken into account; and (iii) during the independence era, the improvement of the teacher status and welfare until reformation era was still becoming a perpetual problem, one of which fulfilled the public discourse was the problem of non-permanent teachers. Historical factors should be considered in managing teacher education and teacher as profession. Therefore, teachers must be seen as historical objects which can enrich Indonesian historiography.Keywords: historiography of teacher, teachers’ welfare, teachers’ dilemma, non-permanent teacher. Artikel ini berangkat dari kondisi historiografi guru dan pendidikan keguruan yang masih jarang diminati di Indonesia. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah mendeskripsikan secara historis kondisi pendidikan keguruan, kesejahteraan, dan status guru di Indonesia sejak masa Hindia Belanda hingga Reformasi. Sumber data tulisan ini lebih banyak berasal dari dokumen-dokumen seputar kebijakan tentang guru di masa lalu. Digunakan pula sumber lisan sebagai pelengkap data penelitian. Temuan penting penelitian ini adalah (1) terdapat perbedaan pendidikan keguruan sejak masa Hindia Belanda hingga kemerdekaan, pada masa kolonial, masalah status dan kesejahteraan guru telah dijamin oleh pemerintah, namun pendidikan masih bersifat eksklusif dan sangat sulit diakses oleh kalangan Bumiputera; (2) guru di masa Jepang berfungsi sebagai alat untuk memenangkan Jepang di dalam perang Asia Timur Raya, masalah kesejahteraan tidak terlalu diperhitungkan; dan (3) pada masa kemerdekaan, perbaikan status dan kesejahteraan guru hingga reformasi masih menjadi masalah yang tidak kunjung selesai, salah satu yang memenuhi dikursus publik adalah masalah guru honorer. Faktor historis harusnya dipertimbangkan dalam mengelola pendidikan keguruan dan profesi guru. Oleh sebab itu, guru harus dipandang sebagai objek sejarah yang dapat memperkaya historiografi Indonesia.Kata kunci: historiograi guru, kesejahteraan guru, permasalahan guru, guru tidak tetap 
BIBLIOGRAFI SEJARAH KESEHATAN PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN HINDIA BELANDA
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 22, No 2 (2012): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v22i2.2119

Abstract

History of health recently began to receive attention in Indonesia. One of the ways to trace them is through bibliographic study. Publications issued in the past, particularly in the colonial period, whether it be books, journals, magazines, newspapers can become an access to know and reconstruct the history of health in Nusantara. The purpose of this study is to inventory and identify a number of publications that appeared in the past by first described its historical context. The method used in this study is the historical method. The conclusion showed that the availability of bibliographic resources on the history of health in Indonesia is quite a lot that can be used to reconstruct the Indonesian health conditions in the colonial period. Knowledge of medical history is very useful to see the change, continuity, parallelism, and comparison of health problems in various places and at different periods. Key words: bibliography, medical history, the Netherlands-Indie   Sejarah kesehatan belakangan ini mulai mendapat perhatian di Indonesia. Untuk menelusurinya di antaranya adalah melalui pengkajian bibliografis. Publikasi-publikasi yang diterbitkan pada masa lalu, khususnya masa kolonial,  baik berupa buku, jurnal, majalah, surat kabar bisa menjadi akses untuk mengetahui dan merekonstruksi masa lalu kesehatan di Nusantara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi sejumlah publikasi yang terbit pada lalu dengan terlebih dahulu diuraikan konteks sejarahnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah. Simpulannya adalah ketersediaan sumber bibliografis mengenai sejarah kesehatan di Indonesia yang cukup banyak itu dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi kondisi kesehatan di Indonesia masa kolonial. Pengetahuan sejarah kesehatan ini sangat berguna untuk melihat perubahan, kesinambungan, paralelisme, dan perbandingan masalah kesehatan di berbagai tempat pada berbagai periode. Kata kunci: bibliografi, sejarah kedokteran, Hindia Belanda  
WACANA BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA DALAM BUKU TEKS SEJARAH
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5150

Abstract

Textbook is one of learning sources used in history learning in school. History learning has function to preserve collective memories and necessary values, such as Bhineka Tunggal Ika. This research aims to reveal depiction and representation of  Bhineka Tunggal Ika value in history textbooks. It is qualitative research using critical discourse analysis, particularly representative analysis model by Roger Fowler.  Data sources in the research are the senior high school textbooks based on 2006 curriculum which can be downloaded at bse.kemdikbud.go.id. website. Method of collecting data is conducted by documentation technique. The validity of discourse analysis refers to  Ibnu Hamad’s opinion, namely holistic, historical situatedness, and theory. Next, analysis is conducted using critical discourse analysis by Fairclough  namely description, interpretation and explanation. The result of research shows that Bhineka Tunggal Ika is represented in various themes such as assimilation/acculturation/ syncretism, differences/diversity/plurality/complexity/multicultural, distinction/discrimination and unity. Bhineka Tunggal Ika should be understand as both  a result and continuous process. Buku teks merupakan salah satu sumber belajar yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah. Pembelajaran sejarah berfungsi untuk melestarikan memori kolektif dan nilai-nilai yang dianggap penting, salah satunya Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengungkap penggambaran dan representasi nilai Bhineka Tunggal Ika dalam buku teks sejarah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis, terutama analisis representasi model Roger Fowler. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah buku teks sejarah SMA berdasarkan kurikulum 2006 yang dapat diunduh pada laman bse.kemdikbud.go.id. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi.Validitas analisis wacana mengacu pada pendapat Ibnu Hamad, yaitu holistic, historical situatedness, dan teori.Selanjutnya analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan model analisis wacana kritis Fairclough yaitu deskripsi, interpretasi, dan eksplanasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bhineka Tunggal Ika direpresentasikan dalam berbagai tema seperti pembauran/akulturasi/sinkretisme, perbedaan/ keragaman/ pluralitas/ kemajemukan/ multikultural, pembedaan/diskriminasi serta persatuan dan kesatuan. Bhineka Tunggal Ika perlu dipahami sebagai hasil maupun proses yang terus berlanjut. 
HISTORISITAS POLITIK PEREMPUAN INDONESIA
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 24, No 2 (2014): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v24i2.3123

Abstract

This article aims to analyze historicity of political participation and representation of women in the political landscape in Indonesia. This paper used the perspective of feminism theory as core analysis in reviewing its issue. Periodicity of Indonesian women's political participation is very volatile and depends on the political situation contemporary. Indonesian women's political participation in the era of colonialism experienced domestication, revivalism in the Sukarno era, stigmatization in the New Order era, and is now experiencing ambiguity in the Reformation era. Indonesian women's political participation need to find a strong platform to promote the aspirations of his peopleKeywords: partisipation, representation, domestification, stigmatization, and women politic.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis histo-risitas partisipasi politik dan keterwakilan perempuan dalam lanskap politik di Indonesia. Tu-lisan ini menggunakan perspektif teori feminisme sebagai analisis inti dalam meninjau isu nya. Periodisitas partisipasi politik perempuan Indonesia sangat fluktuatif dan tergantung pada situasi politik kontemporer. Partisipasi politik perempuan Indonesia di era kolonialisme mengalami domestikasi, revivalisme di era Soekarno, stigmatisasi di era Orde Baru, dan sekarang mengalami ambiguitas dalam era Reformasi. Partisipasi politik perempuan Indonesia perlu menemukan platform yang kuat untuk memperjuangkan aspirasi rakyatnyaKata kunci: partisipasi, representasi, domestifikasi, stigmasi, politik perempuan  
Ethnic Chinese during the New Order: Teaching Materials Development for History Learning based on Multiculturalism
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 30, No 1 (2020): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v30i1.22442

Abstract

The history of Indonesian Chinese society is still rarely studied in history learning at school. One of them concerns the discriminatory treatment of them during the New Order era. This article aimed to describe discriminatory policies against ethnic Chinese during the New Order era, to present it as a history teaching materials, and to elaborate on the importance of studying it for the younger people. This research used historical and qualitative descriptive method using literature. The result showed that (1) Ethnic Chinese in the New Order era received discriminatory treatment in various sectors. It was a violation of human rights and susceptible to trigger conflict. (2) The study of the Chinese people can be served as a history teaching material in the subject of the New Order era. (3) Teaching materials development is expected to be used to create awareness of multiculturalism through history teaching.Sejarah masyarakat Tionghoa Indonesia masih jarang dikaji dalam pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah. Salah satunya mengenai perlakuan diskriminatif terhadap mereka pada masa Orde Baru. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kebijakan diskriminatif terhadap etnis Tionghoa selama Orde Baru, menyajikannya sebagai bahan ajar sejarah, dan menguraikan arti penting mempelajarinya bagi generasi muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis dan kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Etnis Tionghoa pada masa Orde Baru menerima perlakuan diskriminatif di berbagai sektor. Hal itu merupakan pelanggaran atas hak asasi manusia dan terbukti rentan konflik. (2) Studi tentang dinamika masyarakat Tionghoa tersebut dapat disajikan sebagai bahan ajar sejarah pada pokok bahasan masa Orde Baru. (3) Kajian tersebut diharapkan dapat menciptakan kesadaran multikulturalisme melalui pembelajaran sejarah.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENDIDIKAN NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA DI SMP BERBASIS TRADISI SENI BATIK KLASIK SURAKARTA
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2672

Abstract

The objective of the study is to develop the educational model of cultural values based on the classical batik’s Surakarta arts tradition in order to strengthen the nation characters and national identity. The research was done by using the research and development method. In collecting the data, the researcher conducted several ways, as follow: interview, library research, forum group discussion and classroom action research. The qualitative analysis was used for conducting the need analysis as the first step of research and development activity and the quantitative analysis and the quasi-experiment were done to get the validation model. The result of this study showed that cultural values taught in junior high school were same as the character building education as a whole. The implementation of each character buildings stood on its own of each subjects and could be inserted into the guidance and counseling subject and the civics subject. Moreover, it was, then, defined that the educational model of cultural values based on the classical batik’s Surakarta arts tradition was integrated to the social science subject as the model development of the character building. Keywords: model, education, cultural values, classical batik Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pendidikan nilai-nilai budaya  di SMP  berbasis Tradisi  Seni Batik  Klasik  Surakarta sebagai Upaya Penguatan Karakter Bangsa dan Identitas  Nasional. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut penelitian dilakukan dengan Research and Development. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, metode simak, FGD, observasi, dan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Pada tahap penelitian pendahuluan dan pengembangan model digunakan  analisis Kualitatif. Tahap validasi model digunakan eksperimen semu dan analisis Kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendidikan nilai di SMP implementasinya sama dengan pendidikan budi pekerti. Implementasi pendidikan budi pekerti pada masing-masing satuan pendidikan (SMP) belum ada kesamaan yakni berdiri sendiri sebagai mata pelajaran dan digabungkan dengan Bimbingan dan Konseling atau PKN. Untuk itu, di rumuskan Draf strategi dan model PNBBTBK (Pendidikan Nilai Budaya berbasis Tradisi Seni Batik Klasik) melalui Integrasi dalam pembelajaran IPS sebagai pengembangan model Pendidikan Budi Nilai Budaya. Kata Kunci: model, pendidikan, nilai budaya, batik klasik    
MADURANISATION NATIVE GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY ELITE IN BESUKI RESIDENCY 1818-1942
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.16204

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to discuss how the realization of maduranisation bureaucracy elite in Besuki Residency in 1818-1942. Maduranisation is a policy from the colonial government implicated by the elected candidate of regent. They are Madurese, although geographically, Besuki Resindence is located in East Java. This policy is implicated by argumentation and good political calculation. Besides, the elite communities in Madura are loyal to the Dutch government. They hope that they will have a good relation because the local governments execute the daily governance. On the other hand, the majority of government comes from Javanese. Consequently, the accumulation of power is failed because it is able to destroy the Dutch colonial government. Artikel ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk membahas tentang bagimana pelaksanaan maduranisasi elite birokrasi di Karesidenan Besuki dari 1818-1942.Maduranisasi adalah sebuah kebijakan dari pemerintah kolonial yang dilaksanakan melalui pemilihan bupati dari etnis Madura walaupun secara geografis Karesidenan Besuki terletak di Jawa Timur. Kebijakan ini dilakukan berdasarkan  argumentasi dan perhitungan politik yang baik bahwa elite Madura sangat loyal terhadap pemerintah Belanda. Pemerintah Belanda berharap di satu pihak bupati dari etnis Madura akan menjadi partner yang baik, sebaliknya di pihak lain Pemerintah Hindia Belanda bisa memotong alur/keturunan dari penguasa lama (Blambangan).  Hasil dari kebijakan ini adalah, empat kabupaten di Karesidenan Besuki secara perlahan didominasi oleh elite Madura, terutama keturunan dari Pamekasan dan Sumenep, sementara keturunan dari penguasa Blambangan hanya memerintah sampai tahun 1889. 
BENCANA DAN PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN: PANDANGAN ETNIK JAWA DAN MADURA DI WILAYAH UJUNG TIMUR JAWA
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 22, No 1 (2012): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v22i1.1843

Abstract

Disasters and environmental conservation are urgent issues in Indonesia. Studies on aspects and issues of the environment especially during the contemporary period have been produced. Besides the lack of historical insights and the ignorance of folks’ conceptions about disaster and environment,  these studies have largely focused on particular element of the environment especially the forests and more importantly on the official or government’s views. This article seeks to explore views, knowledge, and beliefs concerning disasters and environmental conservation among the Javanese and Madurese ethnic groups.  The article employs a combination of historical and oral history methods. The historical method is used to trace the roots of their conceptions on disasters and environmental conservation especially the forests based on documentary sources. Oral history method is used to get information stored in human memories by conducting interviews. Keywords: disaster, environment, conservation, Javanese, Madurese, Besuki   Bencana dan pelestarian lingkungan merupakan isu yang sangat urgen di Indonesia. Berbagai kajian memang telah dihasilkan mengenai berbagai aspek dan isu lingkungan khususnya pada masa kontemporer. Selain lemah akan wawasan historis dan konsepsi kultural masyarakat, kajian-kajian tersebut masih terpusat pada elemen tertentu dari lingkungan khususnya hutan dan lebih penting lagi menekankan pandangan pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pandangan, pengetahuan, dan kepercayaan terkait dengan bencana dan pelestarian lingkungan di kalangan kelompok etnik Jawa dan Madura. Penelitian ini menggabungkan metode historis dan sejarah lisan. Metode historis digunakan untuk melacak akar-akar pandangan masyarakat bencana alam dan pelestarian lingkungan khususnya hutan berdasar informasi dokumen. Metode sejarah lisan digunakan untuk menggali informasi yang tersimpan dalam memori manusia melalui wawancara. Katakunci: bencana, pelestarian lingkungan, etnis Jawa, etnis Madura, Besuki  
PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH PADA PROGRAM KEJAR PAKET C
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 27, No 2 (2017): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v27i2.9101

Abstract

This study is aimed to describe the implementation of learning history in Kelompok Belajar (learning group) or Kejar Paket C programs. This study uses the descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected by interviews, documentation, and observation. Data analysis technique use qualitative analysis inductive models with purposive sampling technique. The results of this study are: first, planning learning history in Kejar Paket C program started from In House Training for educators in Kejar Paket C program which practiced in the preparation of the learning device are appropriate to the curriculum; second, the implementation of learning history in Kejar Paket C program involves three patterns of learning consisting of 20% face-to-face interaction, 30% tutorials, and 50% independent activity; third, constraints in the implementation of history learning in Kejar Paket C program is the readiness of learners in receiving learning materials, learning infrastructure, and the competence of educators in conveying the teaching of history; fourth, evaluation of learning history in Kejar Paket C program is equal to the formal school. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran sejarah pada program Kejar (kelompok belajar) Paket C. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif model induktif dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian antara lain: pertama, perencanaan pembelajaran sejarah pada program Kejar Paket C dimulai dari pelatihan In House Training bagi para pendidik program Kejar Paket C yang dipraktikan dalam penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan KTSP; kedua, pelaksanaan pembelajaran sejarah pada program Kejar Paket C meliputi tiga pola pembelajaran yang terdiri dari tatap muka 20%, tutorial 30%, dan kegiatan mandiri 50%; ketiga, kendala pelaksanaan pembelajaran sejarah pada program paket C adalah kesiapan peserta didik dalam menerima materi pembelajaran, sarana prasarana pembelajaran, serta kompetensi pendidik dalam menyampaikan pembelajaran sejarah; keempat, Evaluasi pembelajaran sejarah pada program Kejar Paket C sama dengan sekolah formal. 

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