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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 426 Documents
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Effect of Chitosan, Clay, and CMC on Physicochemical Properties of Bioplastic from Banana Corm with Glycerol. Sugiharto, Agung; Syarifa, Adilla; Handayani, Nindita; Mahendra, Rizky
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 1 (2021): June 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.25323

Abstract

Bioplactic from banana corm and glycerol has been studied in this research. In addition, the physical chemical properties of it has been improved by adding chitosan, clay and CMC as filler and glycerol as plasticizer. Plastic that produced form organic material such as starch usually has poor properties in physical and mechanical. Composition variation of chitosan, clay and CMC as filler then combined by variation of glycerol as plasticizer have produced significant improve of the bioplastic physical properties. Properties of the bioplastic that studied in this research was focused to biodegradation, elongation, and tensile strength. The addition of fillers and plasticizers is carried out to produce a better bioplastics. This study used 3 variations of the filler composition : 4, 5, and 6 grams and 2 variations of the plasticizer composition: 1 ml and 2 ml. The bioplastics that produced were tested for tensile strength, elongation, and biodegradation of the soil for 7 days. The best tensile strength results is 8.43 MPa for bioplastic that using CMC fillers. On the other side, the best elongation percentage is 9.87% for bioplastic which using CMC fillers. The bioplastic that added Clay as filler can be degraded up to 100% in 7 days.
Production of Single Cell Protein from Banana Peel Waste in Batch Fermentation Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Azwar, Azwar; Mukhlishien, Mukhlishien; Muslim, Abrar; Hadissa, Putri; Ningsih, Utari Hadi; Zanil, M. F.; Ali, J. M.
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34056

Abstract

Through engineering the fermentation process, it is hoped that new data can be obtained that will explain the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to maximize the production of single-cell protein (SCP). SCP microorganisms have a high protein content, making them suitable for use as a human protein source as well as food additives in the cattle and fishing industries. The goal of this experiment is to see if the microbe Saccharomyces cerevisiae can generate SCP from banana peel waste. Some of the process variables used in this study include the variation in nutrition, fermentation time, and the effect of pH variations on SCP production. Where the variation in pH used is 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; and 5.5. As for the nutrients used, namely (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 with a variety of nutrients, namely 0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; and 1.2 grams. Then the fermentation time was varied to 1,2,3,4 days. This study also analyzed the growth of microorganism cells using wet weight and dry weight with variations in pH and nutrition. The variation in nutrition is the same as the variation in the previous analysis of protein content, and the fermentation time is 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 7. In the analysis of protein content with Kjeldahl protein, the obtained optimal pH is 4.5 and the optimal protein content is 0.6 grams. As for the fermentation time, the optimal protein content is obtained on the 4th day. For the growth of microorganisms, the optimal pH is obtained at a pH value of 4.5 with optimal nutrition of 0.6 grams, and the optimal fermentation time is obtained on the 7th day.
Production of Natural Colorant by Monascus Purpureus FNCC 6008 using Rice and Cassava as Carbon Substrates Margono, Margono; Paryanto, Paryanto; Hanifa, Vina; Abimanyu, Candra
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 1 (2021): June 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.30486

Abstract

Consumer recognition of the adverse effects of synthetic colorant has increased awareness in utilizing natural colorants as an alternative. One of them is a microbial colorant and it is already studied for its safety and functional properties in the human body, i.e. hypercholesterolemia, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer. The functional properties of microbial colorant have driven many kinds of research about natural colorant produced by the microorganism. Monascus pigment is one of the popular red pigment synthesized by mold Monascus purpureus. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of particle size and incubation temperature on color value and water solubility of the natural colorant produced by M. purpureus FNCC 6008 using rice and cassava as carbon substrates. Every experiment was conducted in an erlenmeyer flask filled by 15 g of substrates, sterilized and incubated in an incubator chamber. Three particle sizes of 8, 10, and 16 mesh were employed on the incubation temperatures of 30, 32, and 34 oC for 14 days. Two parameters were measured from the sample to evaluate the results of the fermentation process, i.e. color intensity and water solubility of product. The highest color intensity of 59.6 CVU/gds was obtained from the rice substrate at the particle size of 10 mesh and incubation temperature of 32 oC. That particular fermentation condition resulted in a product with 71.4% product solubility.
The Capability of Mangrove Charcoal in Adsorption Process of Indigosol Substance in Wastewater of Batik Industry Maryudi, Maryudi; Salamah, Siti; Rahayu, Aster
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33351

Abstract

The development of the textile industry has had a positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. Batik is one of the products of the textile industry that is proliferating in Indonesia. Dyes are the main ingredients in the textile and batik industrial process. One of the dyes used is indigosol, and about 15% of the total dyes used will result in industrial liquid waste. The presence of these dyes can damage the water and soil ecosystems. Liquid sewage treatment is needed to minimize the amount of contamination against groundwater and surface water. A standard method used in the handling of liquid waste is by adsorption process with various adsorbents. Commonly used adsorbents are silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite, polymer, and activated carbon. Activated charcoal from mangroves becomes an alternative to natural adsorbents with a large surface area. The ability of activated charcoal as an adsorbent was the focus of this study, both by the activation process by Fe cations and the addition of hydrogen peroxide activators. Characterization using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer is performed to see changes in indigosol concentration during the adsorption process. Results have shown that charcoal with Fe and H2O2 give a better performance on adsorption of indigosol than pure charcoal. Removal of indigosol by charcoal + Fe and H2O2 can reach 51%.
PARAMETER INTERAKSI BINER KESETIMBANGAN UAP-CAIR CAMPURAN ALKOHOL UNTUK OPTIMASI PROSES PEMURNIAN BIOETANOL
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v4i2.5126

Abstract

In this work, the binary interaction parameters of vapor-liquid equilibrium for the mixtures of primary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol or 1-butanol) with C5 alcohols were obtained. A total of 15 systems that consisted of isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure were selected. The binary interaction parameters were determined as temperature function by correlating the selected vapor-liquid equilibrium data using the Wilson, Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) and Universal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) activity coeffi­cient models. The binary interaction parameters were described as the temperature-dependent to increase the capability of the parameters for the application in wide range of temperature. The correlation showed good results because the root mean square devia­tion (RMSD) between the calculation values and experimental data were relatively low. The obtained parameters were very useful for optimizing the distillation column in the bio-ethanol purification process.
Isopropyl Alcohol Purification through Extractive Distillation using Glycerol as an Entrainer: Technical Performances Simulation and Design
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 2 (2019): December 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i2.23477

Abstract

Isopropyl alcohol is widely used as industrial chemical intermediates and common solvents in households, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and medical purposes. The high purity of isopropyl alcohol requires special separation from its impurity i.e. water due to isopropyl alcohol and water form an azeotropic point, which is difficult to separate using a conventional distillation method. The azeotropic point of this mixture is at isopropyl alcohol mole fraction of 0.68 and temperature of 353.4 K. One of the optimum methods to separate an azeotrope point is through the extractive distillation which use a third component as a solvent. Glycerol is one of the solvents which can be used as a potential entrainer in the extractive distillation. Glycerol is produced in the biodiesel production as a by-product. Moreover, glycerol is an eco-friendly chemical. In this work, the simulation of the extractive distillation of isopropyl alcohol/water system with glycerol as an entrainer was simulated using Aspen Plus. The Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model was used as thermodynamic model in the simulation.  The effect of stage number, binary feed stage, entrainer feed stage, and reflux ratio to the purity of isopropyl alcohol, and reboiler-condenser duties were examined to achieve the optimum design for the extractive distillation column with less energy requirements. The simulation results showed that the optimum configurations in the extractive distillation column design are at 25 theoretical stages, binary feed stage (BFS) of 20, entrainer feed stage (EFS) of 2, and reflux ratio (RR) of 0.5 to produce isopropyl alcohol with the purity of 99.27%. The design and sizing of the extractive distillation column were also proposed in this work.
PEWARNA ALAMI BATIK DARI KULIT SOGA TINGI (Ceriops tagal) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i2.2793

Abstract

Synthetic coloring techniques shift the natural coloring techniques because the process is much easier, and the resulting color is more diverse. However, it comes into doubts if the synthetic color materials is continuously used because the produced waste harms the human health and indirectly polutes the environment. Hence, the bark of soga tingi which contains tanin as natural coloring subtances can be used as a substitute for synthetic dyes for Batiks. The extraction of tanin from the soga tingi bark is carried out in the refluxed equipment set. The materials used in the study consist of ethanol, aquadest, soga tingi bark, alum, lime, and tunjung. The experiment is done by varying the solvents and the extraction time. The solvent of ethanol-aquadest used in the experiment varied at the ethanol concentration of 96%, 70%, 30%, and without ethanol. The bark of soga tingi is dried and crushed into powder. The ratio of materials and solvent used in the experiment is 1:4 m/v. The extraction run at temperature of 700 oC for 3 hours. The coloring substances is subsequently analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The coloring substances made of soga tingi bark is applied by adding other key components such as alum, lime, and tunjung. The experimental results show the extraction of tanin from soga tingi bark yield the highest tanin (24,343 ppm) when solvent of 96% ethanol is used. Moreover, the extraction for 3 hours yield higher tanin concentration than 2 hours. This dye has been applied on the fabric using 3 types of key substances. To the key substances in form of tunjung produce black color, lime produces a brown color, and alum produces a reddish-brown color.
Conversion of Biomass of Bagasse to Syngas Through Downdraft Gasification
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11621

Abstract

National energy demand has been fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, petroleum, coal and so on. However, non-renewable energy reserves deplete increasingly which can cause an energy crisis. Conversion of biomass into energy becomes one of the solutions to overcome it. Indonesia has an enormous biomass potential especially from sugarcane plantation. Sugarcane plantations produce waste of bagasse abundantly. Commonly bagasse is utilized as energy source by conventional combustion.  This research studies the utilization of bagasse as energy source by gasification technology to produce gas fuel. The gasification model used in this research is downdraft gasifier equipped with cyclone to separate gas with solid or liquid gasification products. The result has shown  that gasification of bagasse has produced flammable syngas. The increase of bagasse weight increases the amount of syngas of gasification process. Carbon monoxide is the greatest content of syngas, while a few amount of H2, CH4 are also detected. Bagasse through gasification process is very potential source of alternative energy, since it is derived from waste and a cheap material.
STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM SALVINIA MOLESTA AND RICE STRAW
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.9017

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to analyze the biogas production from co-digestion of Salvinia molesta and rice straw. Ratio of Salvinia molesta and rice straw was 5:0, 4:1, 3:2. Lab-scale-batch digesters (600 mL) were operated at room temperature (30 oC) and pressure of 1 atm. Total basis of Salvinia molesta and rice straw was 10 gr, water was added with ratio of organic matter:water = 1:7 (w/w), rumen fluid was added as inoculum, initial pH was adjusted to be 7. Fermentation process was conducted for 30 days. The results showed that total biogas volume for ratio of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2 was 6.30±0.00; 32.76±18.32; 107.54±18.51 mL/g VS respectively. The pH of substrate was changing from 7.00 to 6.77±0.19; 6.60±0.14; 6.73±0.09 for all variables respectively.
THE EFFECT OF AMOUNT OF NATURAL ZEOLIT CATALYST IN PRODUCT OF POLYPROPILENE (PP) PLASTIC WASTE PYROLYSIS
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 4, No 2 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v4i2.4171

Abstract

To overcome the waste problem, especially plastic waste , environmental concerned scientists from various disciplines have conducted various research and actions. Catalytic pyrolysis processes was chosen as an alternative method to recycle plastic waste. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of natural zeolit catalyst on the pyrolysis process with oxygen-free conditions to obtain maximum hydrocarbon compounds (gasoline fraction in C5-C9). The process of pyrolysis was conducted in 3.5 dm3 unstirred stainless steel semi-batch reactor. This process operated at atmospheric pressure with nitrogen injection. Plastic waste that used in this particular paper was 50 grams of polypropylene (PP). In pyrolysis process, natural zeolite catalysts was added 2,5 gram (5% weight of natural zeolite per weight of plastic waste samples), 5 gram (10% ), and 10 gram (20%). Temperature of pyrolysis was 450°C and were maintained until 30 minutes. Steam that produced from pyrolisis was condensed and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine yield of hydrocarbons produced. From the analysis of GC-MS, liquid products of pyrolysis contained lots of aromatic hydrocarbons. The optimal amount of catalyst that produce liquid with hydrocarbon compound that has the quality of gasoline was 10 gram (20%) with ≤C9 composition as 29,16% n-paraffin, 9,22% cycloparaffin, and 61,64% aromatics.

Page 24 of 43 | Total Record : 426

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