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Evaluation Of Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant Operating Anaerobic Baffled Reactor And Biofilter Evy Hendriarianti; Nieke Karnaningroem
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Construction of communal Waste Water Treatment Plant, WWTP in city of Malang since 1998 but until recently had never done an evaluation the performance. Communal WWTP performance evaluation is needed to see how far the efficiency of processing result. Until now, Environmental Agency Malang City only measure effluent from WWTP Communal to know the suitability with domestic wastewater quality standards. Effluent quality data in 2014 showed value above the quality standard of domestic wastewater from East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 in 2013 for parameters BOD and COD. WWTP Communal USRI research objects are on a six (6) locations by involving the user community during the planning, construction, operation and maintenance. Technology choice of ABR followed by a biofilter reactor with the stone media proved capable of processing organic matter of BOD and COD with the removal levels respectively by 78% -99% and 71% -99%. As for the parameters of TSS, NO3 and PO4 have the ranges of removal respectively by 56% -100%, (43%) - 72%, (2%) - 13%. Ratio BOD and COD in influent are low and ranged from 0.22 to 0.41. From the evaluation shows that high organic matter concentrations in influent along with the HRT and operation time high will result in a higher removal level

Bioacoustic Spectral Whistle Sound And Behaviour Of Male Dolphin Bottle Nose ( Tursiops aduncus) At Safari Park Indonesia, Cisarua Bogor Muhamad Zainuddin Lubis; Sri Pujiyati; Totok Hestirianoto
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Whistle sound is generally used for echolocation purposes, while the sound of the blast-beat and whistles play a major role in internal and inter-group communication.The purpose of this research is to know the power spectral patterns and fluctuations in sound based on frequency and Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the sounds produced by dolphins and observing the position of dolphins , Noisy Time Domain (NTD) and behavior using underwater camera, and also comparing between time and sound spectrum. Data recording was taken at tha Safari Park of Cisarua Bogor in Indonesia, by taking data in show pool and show pool. The results showed that salinity before feeding time in the show pool with replication 1,2, and 3 has salinity value that is equal to 30 ‰. Data at the show pool before feeding with replications 1,2, and 3 has a salinity of 29 ‰. Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the whistle sound before feeding was different from one another, but it has the same frequency range. The highest intensity values is at sound whistle 3 before feeding time at the show pool with an intensity value of 28.03 dB with frequency interval of 14 642 Hz-16000 Hz. F-test at the show pool before meals has heterogeneous value. Treat before meals at the show pool has a value of P <0.001 and P <0.001. Value Noisy Time Domain have differences with each other and have a lot of different sound patterns. In general, there are real differences are evidenced by F test on a range of time at each whistle on physiotherapy and swimming pool show in the time before meals. The position of dolphins in a pool show more dominant and often in the bottom of the pool, the position of the dolphins affect the frequency.

Copper Accumulation on Avicennia marina In Tapak, Tugurejo, Semarang, Indonesia Nana Kariada Tri Martuti; Budi Widianarko; Bambang Yulianto
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Mangroves are good hyperaccumulators, they are not only able to grow on highly poisonous land, but also accumulate the poisonous substances in the branches and leaves. The aim of the research was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of Cu on Avicennia marina in Tapak Semarang. Tapak Semarang is selected as the research site because the mangrove ecosystem is surrounded by milkfish ponds. The research used ecological approach. Bioaccumulation data and heavy metal translocation in plants, sediment and water were analyzed using pre-determined formulation. Results showed that Cu was found in water (0.0069 mg/l), sediment (26.760-37.889 mg/Kg), roots (2.336-7.997 mg/Kg), young leaves (2.367-6.604 mg/Kg) and old leaves (1.080-6.748 mg/Kg) of Avicennia marina. Sediment have the highest ability to accumulate Cu ( ) compared to water with concentration factors of ranging from 3878.26 to 5491.16. The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of roots and sediment was ranging from 0.09 to 0.211, and the Translocation Factors (TF) for young leaves was ranging from 0.83 to 1.54 and for old leaves was ranging from 0.46 to 0.94. It was found that the concentration of Cu in the pond tended to increase towards the sea. It was concluded that there was an accumulation of Cu in the sediment, roots and leaves of Avicennia marina in Tapak, Tugurejo Semarang. The sediment have the highest ability to accumulate Cu from the environment.

COUPLING OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR AND OZONATION FOR REMOVAL OF ANTIBIOTICS FROM HOSPITAL WASTEWATER Bui Xuan Thanh; Quyen Vo Thi Kim; Phuc Luu Vinh; Tin Nguyen Thanh; Hien Vo Thi Dieu; Thanh Cao Ngoc Dan; Quoc Tuc Dinh
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Antibiotic residues in the environment and their potential toxic effects have been considered as one of the emerging research area in the environmental field. Their continuous introduction in our environment may increase their negative impacts on human health. In this study, the eliminations of antibiotic such as Norfloxacin (NOR), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Ofloxacin (OFL) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in wastewater of hospital were processed by membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with ozonation process. In particular, the MBR was applied for the antibiotic removals followed by ozonation process as a post-treatment stage to create an adequate integration to enhance removal efficiency. Achieved results after MBR treatment showed that the removal efficiency of NOR, CIP, OFL and SMZ were 90 ± 4.0% , 83 ± 13% , 81 ± 13 % and 39 ± 6%, respectivley. In addition, those antibiotic matters were continously removed by ozonation process with the removal efficiency of 87±9.0% , 83±1.0% , 81±2.3% and 66±2.3% for NOR, CIP, OFL and SMZ, respectively. In summary, antibiotics could be basically limited by the combination of MBR and ozonation before discharging in aquatic environment.

THE USE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS METALOTHIONEIN PROTEIN FOR MONITORING MARINE POLLUTION DUE TO HEAVY METALS MERCURY IN Apogon beauforti IN AMBON BAY Dominggus Rumahlatu; Fredy Leiwakabessy
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

The heavy metal Hg is a global issue because it is toxic to living organisms. Therefore, monitoring levels of Hg in Ambon Bay is important to do. This is a study about monitoring the levels of heavy metals Hg in the waters of Ambon Bay in 2013 and 2014 by using Apogon beauforti as bio-indicators and Metalothionein-1 (MT-1) as a biomarker to determine the accumulation of Hg in relation to the concentration and expression of MT-1 in the tissue of A. beauforti. The samples used were 50 fish of A. beauforti taken at four different stations with purposive sampling procedure. The analysis of Hg content used AAS method, the expression of MT-1 was determined by western blotting method, and MT-1 concentrations were determined by using ELISA method in the laboratory of Brawijaya University. On the average, the results of the analysis of Hg content indicated that the accumulation of heavy metal Hg varied in four different stations. The levels of Hg in the tissue of A. beauforti in 2014 at station 1 increased, while the levels of Hg at stations 2, 3, and 4 decreased. However, the calculation results of MT-1 concentration by ELISA showed an increase in the concentration of MT-1 in 2014 compared to that in 2013. This result was supported with the fact that the protein tape expressed on the test results of western blotting was very thick. It indicated that the longer the organism exposed to heavy metals Hg, the more increased the accumulation of Hg. Thus, the expression and the concentration of MT-1 would also increase.

THE EFFECT OF F/M RATIO TO THE ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM FISH OFFAL WASTE Agus Hadiyarto; Budiyono Budiyono; Seno Djohari; Indra Hutama; Wahid Hasyim
Waste Technology Vol 3, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Biogas is a gas produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic compounds. In the production of biogas from anaerobic digestion, value of F/M ratio shows a ratio between the mass of food available in the waste substrate with a mass of microorganisms that act as decomposers. F/M ratio is too small causing microbes could not metabolize perfectly and vice versa on the value of the ratio F / M overload resulting metabolic imbalance. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of F/M ratio to optimal production of biogas from fish offal waste. The process of anaerobic digestion is conducted in the biodigester with four-liter volume and batch system operated at ambient temperature for 38 days. As a raw material, fish offal and microbial sludge obtained from the curing of fish and river mud discharges in the region of Bandarharjo, Semarang, Central Java. F/M ratio is set at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 are derived from sewage sludge VSS weight ratio of fish offal with sludge containing microbes. The addition of micronutrients supplied with a concentration of 0.4 mg/liter. Yield maximum methane gas obtained was 164,7 l/kg CODMn when the ratio F/M was 0.2. Based on the results of the study, found that the ratio F/M affect the amount of biogas produced. Meanwhile, the retention time (HRT) is only influenced by the ratio F/M.

Enhanced biogas separation performance of nanocomposite polyethersulfone membranes using carbon nanotubes Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Budiyono Budiyono
Waste Technology Vol 1, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

This study is performed primarily to investigate the effect of chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface towards biogas purification performance of mixed matrix membrane. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES)-carbon nanotubes mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane for modified and unmodified carbon nanotubese were spun using dry/wet spinning technique. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with acid treatment to allow PES chains to be attached on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties, the productivity and purity of biogas compare to neat PES and unmodified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 32.59.

Review – Biogas Technology to Treat Bioethanol Vinasse Iqbal Syaichurrozi
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Bioethanol industries generate by-product that is called vinasse. Vinasse is generated from button product of distillation unit. It has high COD, high TS, high temperature, very low pH and some variety compounds. Because of these contents, vinasse can be discharged directly into the water bodies such as the rivers. Vinasse causes negative impact to environment. Therefore, treatment of vinasse must be done. Vinasse treatment methods that had investigated by some authors are aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment. Anaerobic treatment is more interesting than aerobic treatment, because it can treat wastewaters that contain high COD and it can produce biogas that can be used as alternative fuels.

CHARACTERISATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCED USING DOMESTIC WASTE ASH AS CATALYST IN THE TRANSESTERIFICATION STAGE Kelechi Uche; Ngwu Nwachukwu; Chinwe Alisi; C Ibegbulem
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Domestic wastes ash of unripe plantain peels, palm fruit husks and kola nut pods were used in place of inorganic potassium and sodium in biodiesel production. Analysis of fuel parameters such as Density, Viscosity, Cloud, Pour and Flash points were carried out on the produced biodiesel using the American Standard for Testing Materials ASTM D6751. Quantitative analysis with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was done to determine the presence of metals on the 3 ash samples. The result of fuel parameters of Density (mm2/s), Viscosity (mm2/s), Cloud (˚C), Pour (˚C) and Flash (˚C) points gave 0.890±0.007, 5.046±0, 9.0±0.28, 6.5±0.35, 168±1.41 respectively for unripe plantain sample; 0.890±0.01, 5.196±0.00, 9.0±0.56, 6.0±0.14, 168±8.48 for palm fruit husk; 0.895±0.01, 5.912±0.00, 10.25±0.14, 8.0±0.70, 172±2.82 for kola nut pods and 0.886±0.00, 4.813±0.01, 6±0.28, 3±0.00, 165±2.12 for the control sample. Quantitative analysis of the ash samples for metals showed the presence of these metals in the following order K > Na > Pb, Na > K >Pb, K > Na >Pb respectively. The samples studied were found to be rich sources of alkali which can be utilized as alternative to conventional alkali in industries.

Waste Disposal Impacts on Surface Water Quality Laura Kusari
Waste Technology Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

There are many factors that influence surface water quality and each of them needs to be thoroughly investigated. Amongst them, landfills are representing a threat to many areas of our environment and particularly in our water resources. Therefore, landfill activity needs to be addressed in order to maintain solid catchment characteristics and old quality of water resources. The focus of this research is to assess the impacts of sanitary and illegal landfills on surface water quality. In Kosovo, there are still remains of old municipality damp sites, new regional sanitary landfills as well as illegal waste disposal sites. There are also industrial waste disposal sites, agricultural waste and demolition waste, too. All those are imposing a higher stress to our environment and to our water resources. In our country, the estimated waste from municipal wastes only, reaches up to 319,034 t/year. About 42% of Kosovo population is provided with the waste collection service (The State of Waste in Kosovo, 2009). This rate is highest in the Prishtina region where it reaches up to 64%, in the 2007 year.In this paper will be presented the generated waste projection and the impacts of the landfills on the surface water quality. As the conclusion, the use of best management techniques to minimize those problems will be given.

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Journal Mail Official
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Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA