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Geological Engineering E-Journal
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PENYELIDIKAN GEOLOGI TEKNIK UNTUK PENENTUAN LOKASI PEMBANGUNAN AS BENDUNGAN PELOSIKA DI DESA ASINUA JAYA, KECAMATAN ASINUA, KABUPATEN KONAWE, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA Kristy, Sawung Kawedar Daya; Nugroho, Hadi; Hidajat, Wahju Krisna; Marhento, Dandung
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Periode Juli - Oktober 2014
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Development plan of Dam Pelosika is located in a river Konaweha, Asinua Jaya village, Asinua District, Konawe, Southeast  Sulawesi  Province. Konaweha river has a length of 127 km and has an Regional water bin area of 6,664 km2.The purpose of this research is to study the geology around the River Konaweha to determine the condition of the morphology and lithology of the area so it can be recommended as dam Pelosika construction site of several alternative locations. Then determine the engineering geology condition of the selected location. In addition, determine the spread and water level inundation. The research method used was a descriptive survey method engineering geological mapping. The descriptive method is collecting secondary data from topographic maps, regional geological maps, earth maps and technical data of dams. While the analytical survey method is analyze the data based on the geological conditions of the regional geology and geological engineering investigation of the data included surface geological conditions, core drilling and test results of geoelectric. Based on investigation in the field, the morphological conditions of the studyis divided into three units namely structural denudated steep hills landform unit, denudated structural undulating hills landform unit and plains of fluviall and denudated form unit. The lithology of the study area is a constituent of metamorphic rocks such as schist of Paleozoic Metamorphic Formation, conglomerates and sandstones of Pleistocene age Alangga Formation and deposition of clay to gravel-sized Alluvium Holocene age. Based on several parameters geology and geological engineering, so that from several alternative locations as dam development determined that 4th alternative locations is a selected location for construction Dam Pelosika. The foundation of the dam on the left side at elevation +121 m rests on weathering soil bedrock sandy silt-sized. The foundation of the center of the dam at elevation +16.9 m rests on clay silt layers firm. The foundation of the right of the dam at elevation +115 m rests on weathering soil bedrock sandy silt-sized. The inundation spread area is 165.98 km2, constrained by the topography of the area around the river. Inundation water levels is +180 m.
PENYELIDIKAN GEOLOGI TEKNIK UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN TANGGUL KALI LOROK PACITAN JAWA TIMUR Setiono, Setiono; Suprapto, Dwiyanto Joko; Hidajat, Wahju Krisna
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Abstract

Lorok river, Pacitan, East Java is one of the river is located in the south eastern part Pacitan. In this area often flooded due to overflow of river water discharge during the rainy season and at high tide the sea water so that it can be detrimental to the public around the area of research which is along the river flow Lorok. Therefore, the government will undertake the construction of a dike to overcome these problems.In the present study, namely on engineering geology investigation for the construction of levees on the river wall, which aims to determine the condition of the surface geology and subsurface engineering research sites, determine the feasibility of levee, giving advice and know the location, quantity and quality of borrow. So as to provide development planning parameters embankment at the study site.To carry out the construction of the embankment should be known geological conditions of the surface and subsurface techniques. The method used in this study is the investigation of the surface engineering geological and engineering geological mapping subsurface geothecnical investigation with core drilling methods, sondir test and test pit. Mapping of engineering geology carried out in the vicinity of the study. Core drilling carried out by 10 points the BH - 1, BH - 2, BH - 3, BH - 4, BH - 5, BH - 6, BH - 7, BH - 8, BH - 9, BH - 10 with the depth of each point 10 meters. Sondir test conducted by 10 points the SD - 1, SD - 2, SD - 3, SD - 4, SD - 5, SD - 6, SD - 7, SD - 8, SD - 9, SD - 10 with varying depths . In this research, the search pile material in a way to make a well test ( test pit ) by 2 points the TP - 1 and TP - 2. In this investigation will produce approximately engineering geology maps and cross sections of the river flow subsurface engineering geology around the flow of the river.Based on the results of the analysis of the data that had been collected earlier, the recommended embankment foundation planning on hard ground or on rocks. Engineering geology cross-section can show the bedrock or rock beneath the surface as well as the physical and mechanical properties of soil or rock that is on site research.
Integrasi Log Sumur dan Seismik 2D Untuk Analisis Karakteristik Reservoir dan Menghitung Potensi Hidrokarbon Pada Formasi Tualang, Lapangan “SHANDORA”, Cekungan Sumatera Tengah Bandono Wahyudi, Ibnu Dwi; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Yuwono, Radig Wisnu
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Abstract

Minyak dan gasbumi masih menjadi kebutuhan energi primer meskipun saat ini mulai banyak pengembangan energi alternatif. Produksi minyak bumi yang semakin menurun namun produksi gas semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya karena lapangan migas di Indonesia lebih banyak menyimpan gas. Daerah penelitian terletak pada Lapangan “SHANDORA”, Cekungan Sumatera Tengah dengan target reservoir adalah Formasi Tualang.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dan metode analisis. Dari metode tersebut, kemudian dilakukan tahap analisis dan interpretasi dengan data penunjang yaitu data seismik 2D dan data log sumur. Kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain menganalisis dan menginterpretasi litologi, mengkorelasi antar sumur, menganalisis fasies dan lingkungan pengendapan, menghitung parameter petrofisika, menginterpretasi seismik, memetakan kondisi bawah permukaan, dan menghitung cadangan hidrokarbon. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk menunjang studi Tugas Akhir ini adalah Petrel, GSv5.1, dan SMT Kingdom.Dari hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa Formasi Tualang merupakan kumpulan seri serpih, batupasir dan lapisan tipis batugamping. Analisis elektrofasies pada Formasi Tualang menunjukkan bahwa Formasi ini terendapkan di lingkungan Shoreface (Regressive to Transgressive) – Shelf. Target batuan reservoir pada Formasi Tualang adalah lapisan batupasir TS-2 dan TS-5. Lapisan batupasir TS-2 dan TS-5 merupakan lapisan batupasir dengan karakteristik volume serpih berkisar 8,44% - 24,67%, porositas berkisar 15% - 25%, saturasi air berkisar 26,93% - 37,24%, dan permeabilitas berkisar 2,1 mD – 46 mD. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan cadangan volumetrik pada lapangan “SHANDORA” didapat cadangan gas mencapai 17,90 BCF dan gas yang dapat diproduksi mencapai 10,74 BCF dengan nilai recovery factor 60%. Keberadaan hidrokarbon di Formasi Tualang tidak lepas dari pengaruh tektonik yang terjadi di Cekungan Sumatera Tengah yang menghasilkan pola struktur geologi berarah baratlaut – tenggara. Pada daerah penelitian, hidrokarbon terakumulasi di perangkap reverse-faulted anticline dan flank pinchout.
ANALISIS GEOKIMIA FLUIDA UNTUK PENENTUAN POTENSI SUMBERDAYA PANASBUMI LAPANGAN ZW, KABUPATEN GARUT, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT Zulwidyatama, Wirga
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Periode Juli - Oktober 2014
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Daerah Lapangan panasbumi ZW terletak pada Provinsi Jawa Barat menunjukkan keadaan Geologi yang memungkinkan untuk terdapatnya sumberdaya panasbumi. Posisinya terletak pada jalur pegunungan api sehingga memungkinkan terbentuknya suatu sistem panasbumi. Pada daerah ini ditemukan manifestasi panasbumi berupa mataair panas dan fumarol. Kimia fluida di daerah panasbumi mengandung informasi penting mengenai kondisi reservoir, sehingga dilakukan anilisis kimia fluida untuk menentukan karakteristik geokimia dan potensi sumberdaya dari lapangan panasbumi ZW.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan analisis dari data kimia fluida panabumi. Hasil data diperoleh dari pengambilah 5 contoh air panas dari 12 manifestasi yang muncul disekitar lokasi penelitian. Contoh air panas yang diambil berasal dari mataair panas Cipayung, Citeduh, Cibeuning, Siun dan kawah Basah.Berdasarkan hubungan rasio unsur kimia dan plotting pada diagram segitiga Giggenbach (Giggenbach, 1988) terhadap suatu sistem panasbumi, Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisik dan analisis geokimia maka Manifestasi Kawah Citeduh, Cipayung, kawah Basah dan Cibeuning berada pada zona upflow. Sedangkan Mataair Panas Siun berada pada zona outflow (Nicholson, 1993). Dalam pengeplotan diagram segitiga Giggenbach (Giggenbach, 1988)  juga menunjukkan informasi bahwa Mata air Citeduh merupakan mata air Sulphat, Mataair Siun merupakan air Bikarbonat. Sementara kawah Cipayung, Cibeuning dan Basah memiliki sampel yang encer sehingga analisis geoindikator tidak valid. Berdasarkan perhitungan Geothermometer Gas yang digunakan, temperatur reservoir panasbumi lapangan ZW adalah 246,6oC, Termasuk dalam sistem panasbumi berentalpi tinggi (Hochstein, 1990). Adapun potensi berdasarkan perhitungan panas yang hilang/heat loss secara Konveksi adalah 49,2 MWe. Sementara dari perhitungan dengan metode volumetrik adalah 625,5 MWe, memungkinkan untuk dilakukan eksplorasi lebih lanjut sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pembangkit listrik dan pemanfaatan langsung.
IDENTIFIKASI PENYEBAB GERAKANTANAH DENGAN PENYELIDIKAN GEOLOGI TEKNIK DAN PENGUKURAN GEOLISTRIK METODE WENNER PADA PERUMAHAN TAMAN SENTOSA DAN SEKITARNYA KELURAHAN SUKOREJO KECAMATAN GUNUNG PATI KOTA SEMARANG Fauzan, Fachry Afif; Rachwibowo, Prakosa; Hidajat, Wahju Krisna
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Periode Juli - Oktober 2014
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi di Perumahan Taman Sentosa,Kecamatan Gunung Pati, Kota Semarang dan sekitarnya adalah gerakantanahyang terjadi pada lokasi tersebut yang menjadi lokasi penelitian. Kejadiangerakantanah yang terjadi cukup mengganggu aktifitas masyarakat dan merusakinfrastruktur bangunan serta jalan yang ada. Penyebab dan klasifikasigerakantanah tersebut perlu diketahui secara baik sehingga dapat dilakukanpenanggulangan gerakantanah yang tepat terhadap lokasi penelitian. Tujuan daripenelitian ini adalah menentukan litologi lokasi penelitian, klasifikasigerakantanah, dan penyebab gerakantanah yang terjadi berdasarkan analisispengukuran geolistrik metode Wenner dan pemetaan geologi teknik. Geolistrik merupakan metode geofisika yang digunakan untuk mengetahuikondisi geologi bawah permukaan berdasarkan variasi nilai resistivitas jenisbatuannya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah geolistrik metodeWenner, dengan 4 titik pengukuran geolistrik yang tersebar di sekitar lokasipenelitian. Proses pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan software IPI2winuntuk mengetahui nilai resistivitas batuan. Sedangkan pemetaan geologi teknikadalah penyelidikan material permukaan menggunakan peta kontur denganmemperhatikan sifat geologi teknik material dengan hasil akhir berupa petageologi teknik. Hasil interpretasi litologi berdasarkan nilai resistivitas batuan, dapatdikelompokkan menjadi batulempung (< 10 Ωm) dan batupasir (10-100 Ωm) dantidak ditemukan adanya ketidakmenerusan litologi yang menjadi pencirikeberadaan struktur geologi. Sedangkan hasil penyelidikan geologi teknikpermukaan ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian batulempung sisipan batupasir danlempung kepasiran dan tidak ditemukan adanya struktur geologi. Batulempungsisipan batupasir 75% komposisinya memiliki ukuran butir 0,06 mm dan 25%dibawah 0,02 mm. Sedangkan lempung kepasiran terdiri dari 90% komposisilempung dengan ukuran butir dibawah 0,02 mm dan 10% pasir dengan ukuranbutir 0,06 mm.Setelah dilakukan analisis terhadap data-data geolistrik dan geologi teknik yang didapat diketahui bahwa jenis gerakantanah yang terjadi pada lokasipenelitian adalah rayapan (creep) yang disebabkan oleh keberadaan materiallempung pada lokasi penelitian. 
GEOLOGI, ALTERASI HIDROTERMAL, DAN MINERALISASI DAERAH ONTO DAN SEKITARNYA, KECAMATAN HU’U, KABUPATEN DOMPU, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT Febriansyah, Alif; Aribowo, Yoga; Widiarso, Dian Agus
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Periode Juli - Oktober 2014
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The use of metallic minerals as raw materials is increasing. Therefore, Indonesia needs to improve metallic mineral reserves for the needs of the country and internationally to explore maximally. This can be done because some parts of Indonesia has huge reserves of metallic minerals.. This research purposed to learn about geological condition of research area involve morphology, lithology, and structure geology, determine alteration zone, and learn distribution of Copper (Cu) that contained in research area.Methodology used in this research is survey method and analysis method. Survey methos by doing surface geological mapping. Analytical method by doing petrology analyisis, petrography analysis, mineragraphy analysis, ASD analysis (Analytical Spectral Device) and sturcture geology analysis.Geomorphology of Onto and the surrounding divided into two units are volcanic very steep hill unit and volcanic steep hill unit. Lithology of research area from older  to younger are tuff, volcanic breccia and breached by porphyrytic andesite. Structure geology in research area in the form of alignment pattern by Dem Map (Digital Elevation Model) in period I direction of structure is west-east and northwest-southeast, whereas in period III direction is north-south. The alteration zone of research area are divided into advanced argillic zone associated with dickite, alunite, and kaolinite minerals; argllic zone associated with kaolinite, palygorskite, and siderite minerals; and intermediet argillic associated with palygorskite and Chlorite minerals. Mineralization of research area is in the form of stockwork and disseminated whick mineralized by pyrite and chalcopyrite as ore mineral. Type of mineralization deposition in research area is Porphyry depoosition type. The value levels of Copper in research area are potential with 1132,79 ppm in tuff unit STA. 33, STA. 35 with value levels of copper is 130,01 ppm, STA. 55 is 390,37 ppm, STA. 56 is 499,9 ppm and STA. 73 is 288,95 ppm.
PENENTUAN ZONA PROSPEK HIDROKARBON PADA FRACTURED BASEMENT BERDASARKAN DATA WELL LOG DAN SEISMIK 3D PADA LAPANGAN MALAWAPATI SUB-CEKUNGAN JAMBI, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN Wahyudianto, Rahman; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Widodo, Robet Wahyu
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Abstract

Hydrocarbon discovery in the basement of several exploration wells in South Sumatra Basin, giving new challenges for geologists to find hydrocarbon reserves with the concept of new thinking, the best one on the concept of the geology and oil exploration in fractured basement.Research object is on the basement high, which dominant lithology is schist. This research is located at Malawapati and includes part of the Sub-Basin of Jambi, South Sumatra Basin. Based on Drill Stem Test (DST), hydrocarbon potential of fractured basement on Prabu X1 is around 0.2-1 MMSCFGPD (Million Standard Cubic Feet Gas Per Day) and on Dharma X3 is around traces-1 MMSCFGPD, then it needs a good study to determine hydrocarbon potential in the fractured basement.The purpose of this research is obtaining a description of the basement characteristic and vertical fracture intensity in the basement by using well log and master log, obtaining horizontal fracture distribution in the basement by using 3D seismic and seismic attributes, obtaining a description of the basement geometry by analyzing geological structures in the basement, determining correlation of the two data are intensity and distribution of fracture to determine the location of the most prospect as a hydrocarbon zone.The research method is using descriptive and analytical methods. There are 3 wells in Malawapati field. There are 2 wells which reaching the basement, which are Prabu X1 and Dharma X3 and also a well not reaching the basement, which is Dharma X3. Well log and master log is used to determine basement characteristics and vertical fracture intensity with Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), it is used for reference in retraction the target zone on seismic attribute by type variance cube, which the suitable are 70 ms below the horizon of Prabu X1 and 25 ms below the horizon of the well Dharma X3. 3D seismic data is used to determine basement geometry and horizontal fracture distribution with seismic attribute by type variance cube.Based on the correlation analysis of well log, master log and seismic attribute by type variance cube, is known that hydrocarbon prospect zone in vertical is weathered basement zone and high intensity zone. Hydrocarbon prospect zone in horizontal is zone A which is the top of basement high zone and also not affected by zone fault so it has low fracture intensity. Zone B is edge of the basement high zone and also affected by zone fault so it has high fracture intensity
DELINIASI SEBARAN NILAI PERMEABILITAS SEKUNDER UNTUK MEMPERKIRAKAN POTENSI ALIRAN AIRTANAH PADA TAMBANG BAWAH TANAH KUBANG CICAU PT. ANEKA TAMBANG TBK LOKASI RAMP DOWN, PONGKOR, KABUPATEN BOGOR, JAWA BARAT Indrawan, Dhony; Pudjihardjo, Henarno; Hidajat, Wahju Krisna; Purnama, Yosep
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Abstract

Tunnel development on UBPE Pongkor is an ongoing and continuous work to take existing gold reserves in gold mining Pongkor site. One of the development work is making the access to the location of ore mining process to be carried out, one of the existing ore is the Kubang Cicau location . However, the process of mining and development plans on the location of the tunnel ramp down Kubang Cicau disorder caused the groundwater flow resulting in ponding of water is high enough on the location of the south ramp down Kubang Cicau so need to do the research include hydrogeological studies on secondary permeability values that exist in study siteThe research carried out by the method of observation on the location of the ramp down Kubang Cicau include calculation of fracture parameters for the calculation of the value of secondary permeability Snow equation ( 1968 ) as well as observations of the condition of the ramp down Kubang Cicau especially the condition of water flowing through the tunnel wall. Secondary permeability values at study sites will affect the flow of groundwater potential zones and take effect on groundwater flow patterns.The study was conducted at the location of the ramp down and ramp up Kubang Cicau at an elevation of 450-500 meters above sea level . Based on the analysis it was found that the flow of groundwater in the study site predominantly influenced by secondary permeability is influenced by the media cracks in the rocks . In the research area known secondary permeability values at locations greater than the ramp down ramp up locations , with most of the secondary permeability value of 3.17 10-2 m/s were found in the location of the point is in south ramp down Kubang Cicau mine . Based on the distribution of secondary permeability values can be concluded that the potential for groundwater flow is in the southern part of the ramp down and ramp down groundwater flow toward the south .
MIKROFASIES BATUGAMPING FORMASI BULU DAN KUALITAS BAHAN BAKU SEMEN, PADA LAPANGAN GUNUNG “PAYUNG”, KECAMATAN BOGOREJO, KABUPATEN BLORA JAWA TENGAH Fadhlillah, Ajidityo Putro; Aribowo, Yoga; Widiarso, Dian Agus
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Periode Juli - Oktober 2014
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Bulu Formation is one of formation which is sedimented at Tertiary age in The North East Java Basin. Bulu Formation has a lithological composition of limestones with kalkarenit. Bulu Formation is located in Gandu village, Tahunan Village, and the surrounding areas, District Bogorejo, Blora, Central Java, with a particular study on the "Gunung Payung".The study aimed to determine microfasies, facies zone, the relative age, and standart of quality limestone as materials cement on data petrographic, paleontologist, and chemical analysis of limestone samples in the study area. Development of Limestone Bulu Formation Unit microfacies is Bioclast Red Algae Packstone, Bioclast Large Foram Grainstone, Bioclast Large Foram Packstone, Bioclast Planktonic Foram Packstone, Bioclast Grainstone with dolomitation, Planktonic Forams Grainstone, Planktonic Wackstone, Peloidal Wackestone, Packstone with dolomitation, Bioclast Wackstone with microspar, Bioclast Planktonic Foram Wackstone, Bioclast Wackstone with dolomitation, Bioclast Packstone with dolomitation, and Dolomite limestone.Based on the analysis microfacies and foraminifera on the areas of research, there are 3 types of facies zoning based on the model of Wilson (1975), namely: FZ 5 Platform - Margin Reefs, Marine Open 7 FZ, FZ 8 Platform and Interior - Restricted to the age of rocks between N9 to N12 is the Middle Miocene. From the chemical analysis, the potential limestones in the study area can be used as raw material for cement and relationships microfacies analysis and chemical analysis showed that the pitch "Gunung Payung" has a great potential in terms of good quality which is spread of West to East direction. The west area of “Gunung Payung” has better quality of limestone as a raw material for cement than east area.
REKONSTRUKSI STRUKTUR GEOLOGI DAERAH SUPIORI TIMUR – SELATAN, KABUPATEN SUPIORI, PULAU BIAK, PAPUA Rumanda, Fadlillah; Hidajat, Wahju Krisna; Fahrudin, Fahrudin; Wahyudiono, Joko
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Periode Juli - Oktober 2014
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Papua and Papua New Guinea are had geology condition are very complex involving interaction between two plates, the Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate. New Guinea formed the result of the movement of oblique convergence (convergence oblique). The products of convergence are shrinkage and formed strike-slip structures and subduction which occur in Papua on 10 Ma. Sorendiweri Strait seen horizontal and vertical fault motion that separated the Biak Island and Supiori Island thar can be identified with the alignment on the satellite image.The purpose of this study was to determine the geological conditions in the study area, the pattern of structures, the main stress that formed the geological structure and reconstruct of geological structures in the study area. The Field research methods are field observation on Supiori track. Record the characteristics of the rock on each formation, measurement of geological structures such as bedding plane, joint and fault plane. Analysis methods such as analysis of alignment manually and visually interpreted on a satellite image DSM (Digital Surface Map). Stereographic analysis of geological structures, combining field data and analysis of alignment to determine the type of structure zone with rotated stress analysis and subsidiary structures method.Geological conditions consist of Oligocene clastic limestone Wainukendi Formation. and Miocene non-clastic limestones Wafordori Formation. Pattern geological structure on Wainukendi Formation., NE-SW normal faults, WSW-ENE strike-slip faults and NE-SW thrust fault. Wafordori Formation., NE-SW normal faults, NE-SW thrust fault. N-S trending major stress is the main primary stress, NE-SW and NW-SE sharpness trending are local stress. Reconstruction of geological structures of the study area began with N-S primary stress that formed E-W Maru reverse fault, NE-SW Soren sinisral fault and NW-SE Maruu, Yondonkir, Maryadori, Biniki dextral fault. The NE-SW trending secondary stress formed NW-SE Kepudari thrust fault, Yon reverse fault and Donkir reverse fault at south of the study area. 

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