Yoga Aribowo
Departemen Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro

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STUDI SIKUENSTRATIGRAFI BERDASARKAN HASIL ANALISIS DATA PALINOLOGI PADA SUMUR Y, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN Ramadhan, Rizki; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Panuju, Panuju
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2013
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Palynology is a study of biostratigraphy for determining relative age and depositional environment basedon the abundance of palynomorf. Palynology study develompent in Indonesia is still could be more increasedalong with more oil and gas exploration moved to transitional environtment.Study of palynology in stratigraphy is aiming to determine relative age and depositional environment.Besides, palynology could also determine sequence stratigraphy in a large scale of study based on palynomorfpercentage. The study of sequence stratigraphy based on palynomorf percentage has been done in Well-Y, SouthSumatra basin.The method of this research is descriptive method through the microscopic observation on sample 1 - 14from 1400 m depth Y-Well’s cutting and quantitative method calculation and analysis method from thisobservation and calcuation could determine the percentage of each palynomorf. This percentage lead to a trendthen interpretated into several sequencestratigraphy.From this observation, it can be determined characteristic zone of this well. The characteristic zone ofpalynology in this well is divided into 3 zones of palynology; Proxapertites operculatus Zone, Flocshuetziameridionalis Zone, and Stenoclaeniidites papuanus Zone. Each zone shows the characteristic of age fromEocene to Pliocene and also depositional environment from delta plain to pro delta. From palynomorfpercentage trend, we may also see the pattern of sequece stratigraphy works in this depth. The percentage trendshows the time whether sea level fall at the minimum percentage of palynomorf and sea level rise at themaximum percentage of palynomorf. The trend shows the sequence with sequence boundary lying in the startand the end of the sequence and also transgressive surface indicates the sea level start rise. Overall, this wellhas 5 sequences based on this trend; sequence a, sequence b, sequence c, sequence d, and sequence e and all thesequences are bordered by sequence boundary.
STUDI STRATIGRAFI DAN PALEOGEOGRAFI ENDAPAN KENOZOIKUM CEKUNGAN SENGKANG PADA DAERAH KABUPATEN MAROS, PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN Putra, Hendry Tri Pradipta; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Irawan, Danny
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2013
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Stratigraphy and paleogeography study basin sengkang never discussed in detail by earlier researcher, caused by pattern sequence stratigraphy this basin is difficult is determined disturbed consequence by activity tektonic mobile in Paleogen and Neogen. The mentioned that make as object that interesting to studied and studied furthermore.Watchfulness method is done with research method, descriptive method, and analysis method. Research method is done with direct quest at field, this descriptive method is done with describe field data and laboratory data, and analysis method is done with analyze litostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, and tektonostratigraphy the result is used for discussion syntheses paleogeography watchfulness region.Litostratigraphy watchfulness region is divided to be four rock formations with sequence the position from old to young, that is Mallawa Formation aged Middle Eocene, Tonasa Formation aged Early Miocene, Camba Formation with age turn Late Miocene, and Walanae Formation with age turn Pliocene. From formation, knowable ten species foraminifera planktonic as age areas biostratigraphy, that is Globigerapsis index as datum age zone P.11, Globigerina yeguaensis as datum age zone P.12, Orbulinoides beckmanni as datum age zone P.13, Globigerinoides immaturus as datum age zone N.4, Globoquadrina dehiscens as datum age zone N.5, Orbulina bilobata as datum age zone N.6, Globigerinoides diminutus as datum age zone N.7, Praeorbulina glomerosa as datum age zone N.8, Globigerinoides conglobatus as datum age zone N.18, and Globorotalia crassaformis as datum age zone N.19. Sequence stratigraphy watchfulness region consists of three sequence precipitation that consist of three packages system tract complete, that is highstand system tract, transgressive system tract, and lowstand system tract. Tektonostratigraphy sediment Kenozoikum watchfulness region, got four sequence, that is syn-rift, sag-basin, syn-orogenic, and post-orogenic. History paleogeography watchfulness region since Middle Eocene still environment land-deltaic with precipate formation unit mallawa, then in miosen beginning happen phase transgresi with precipate Mallawa Formation, and Late Miocene to happen regression phase with precipate Camba Formation, and phase transgresi return to happen by the end of Pliocene beginning with precipate Walanae Formation.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN FASIES DAN LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN DI BLOK A PADA FORMASI MELUHU, CEKUNGAN KENDARI, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA Irfansyah, Febry; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2013
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Limitations of field geological data and subsurface surveys are one of the causes of unattractiveness oil and gas exploration activities in the old basins in eastern Indonesia because it has a high risk that is always avoided by investors in the oil and gas. The research location in Meluhu Formation, Kendari Basin, which is one of Upper Triassic formations in eastern Indonesia is estimated to have potential for hydrocarbon resources. Therefore, to find out more about this potential is conducted by field geological survey that generate data on sedimentology and stratigraphy.            This study aims to determine facies and depositional environment that formed in three tracks of stratigraphic section in Block A, Meluhu Formation, Kendari Basin, and to know the changes in facies and depositional environment vertically associated with the impact of sea level changes.             The methodology used in this research is descriptive and analysis methods. The descriptive method is done by literature study and field survey includes stratigraphic section measurements at selected tracks, while for analysis methods are litofasies analysis, facies associations, petrographic analysis, and sequence analysis of the relative age. Based on the four analysis, a stratigraphic column of the study area that are arranged based on the relative age of rocks are made and used to determine the pattern of changes in facies and depositional environment vertically.                   From the combined results of the four methods of analysis, the interpretation of different facies and depositional environment in three stratigraphic section measurements in this area are obtained. On the first track named LS301, some facies found, such as mud flats, mixed flats, sand flats, and tidal channel, which characterize the tidal flat depositional environment. In the second track named LS303, channel fills and overbank facies are found, which characterize the fluvial depositional environment. On the third track named LS306, facies mud flats and sand flats that characterize the deposition of tidal flats are found, and the dominance of overbank and channel fill facies that characterize the fluvial depositional environment. From the analysis of the relative age, the sequence between tracks from old to young is LS301, LS303, and the LS306. So, changes in facies and depositional environment vertically starts from tidal flat and change into fluvial. Compared with the eustacy curve of the Upper Triassic age by Haq (1987) which shows a pattern of decline in sea level, vertical changes on Block A match to the facts on the field.
GEOLOGI DAN ALTERASI HIDROTERMAL DAERAH BANTAR KARET DAN SEKITARNYA, KECAMATAN NANGGUNG, KABUPATEN BOGOR, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT Febriyana, Rizal Dwi; Aribowo, Yoga; Widiarso, Dian Agus
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Alteration type at zone of mineralization has its own properties and characteristics that often characterized by the presence of mineral assemblage. The existence of alteration zone occurred due to changes mineral composition of rocks as a result of interaction between fluida of hydrothermal and wall-rocks. Alteration of hydrothermal is very closely linked with mineralization. Mineralization is an assembly and accumulation process of valuable rare minerals in the rocks to form ore deposits. Geological studies related to the characteristics and distribution of alteration and mineralization will assist in the planning of exploration process in the area. The aim of this study is to know the condition of geological research area that include variation of morphology, stratigraphy, structural of geology, alteration types are develop in the study area, as well as the relationship between altered minerals the result of hydrothermal alteration to precipitate epithermal mineralization in the study area.The methods used in this study include field mapping, followed by the method of sample analysis. Method of field mapping carried out by observing the lithology, structural of geology, geomorphology and alteration at Bantar Karet and surrounding areas, Nanggung subdistrict, Bogor Regency, West Java . Method of analysis carried out by analysis of petrology, petrography, mineralgraphy , X - ray diffractometer and the structure analysis of the lineament pattern.Lithology of the research area, beginning Early Miocene with sequence from old to young are unit of laminated tuff, unit of volcanic breccia, unit of andesite lava, unit of lapilli tuff, unit of tuff and unit of dacite intrusion. Structural of geology that develop in the study area are joint, fault that related with the lineament pattern, the main direction are Southwest-Northeast and Northwest-Southeast. Geomorphology of the study area was divided into two : the unit of volcanic landforms are very steep mountains and the unit of volcanic landforms are steep hilly. Alteration zones are contained in the study area, becoming three zones, there are Chlorite ± Smectite Alteration Zone (Propylitic), Smectite Alteration Zone - Kaolinite ± Montmorillonite (Argillic) and Silicified Zones. The mineralization exist are dessiminated Pyrite as ore mineral and oxide mineral such as Hematite which is the alteration of Magnetite and Feromagnesian on temperature conditions < 260oC. Characteristics of deposition types that developed in the study area based on the identification of geology, included alteration and mineralization is low sulphidation epithermal.
GEOLOGI, KARAKTERISTIK DAN GENESA ENDAPAN LATERIT BAUKSIT PT. ANTAM (Persero) Tbk, UNIT GEOMIN, DAERAH KENCO, KABUPATEN LANDAK, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT Ramadhan, Fachrul Rozi; Aribowo, Yoga; Widiarso, Dian Agus; A, Betraz
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Bauxite mining is one of the business units that started to increase mine in Indonesia because it has considerable economic value in the scale of quantity and quality. One of the prospective locations are in areas Kenco, Landak District, West Kalimantan Province. Kenco is an area that addressed the rest of the development of Cretaceous volcanism consisting of the island of Borneo Volcanic Formations Mensibau with unit members Granodiorite, quartz diorite and diorite, and the Formation of the Kingdom Volcanic Andesite-trachite units and Formations of alluvium and swamp sediment quarter. Bedrock types that tend to be acid-intemediet bauxite will produce certain characteristics that are different from the dominant rock properties of acids or bases. Rock intensively weathered have the potential to form a precipitate lateritic bauxite. Conducted a detailed mapping is the next steps of regional mapping to narrow the area of bauxite mineral mining resource prospects.         Geological aspects and lateritic bauxite deposit genesis process on the site is a very interesting research material. Based on field mapping, Gibsite is the bauxite formed with frame type is the result of weatherin sediment residue on the soil catena. The study area consists of rocks that form lateritisation overburden, soil laterite, iron cap /gossan, saprolite and bedrock layers. Lateritic bauxite deposit formation is largely controlled by bedrock type, time, climate (rainfall), morphology, changes the face of groundwater, and vegetation destruction process involving a series of rocks, minerals leaching, transport and deposition of mineral elements of chemical residues.         Lateritic bauxite sludge characteristics according to the analysis of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) on a layer of overburden to ore (saprolite layer) shows the mineral composition Nacrite, Kaolinite, Gibsite, Goethite, Quartz, Nordstandite, Hematite, and Dickite. The average mineral formed at neutral pH tends to be acidic by 5-7 and temperatures below 150oC. The analysis of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) shows the rock has certain characteristics which, if averaged Aluminum trihydrate (Al2O3) as much as ±33%, Iron (II) trihydrate (Fe2O3) of about ±8.5%, Silicate oxide (SiO2) approximately ± 43%, Titanium oxide (TiO2) approximately ≤1% and total silicate (R-SiO2) approximately ≤7%. Saprolite layer showed a thickening layer on the hillside at an angle of 20 - 25o, while the section near the top of the hill or valley will be thinned. The results showed that the value of XRF levels bedrock formation of bauxite have economic value to the content of Al and Fe but less to a total content of Si and Si.
ANALISIS LITOLOGI DAN STRUKTUR GEOLOGI BERDASARKAN CITRA LANDSAT PADA AREA PROSPEK PANASBUMI GUNUNG TELOMOYO DAN SEKITARNYA, KABUPATEN MAGELANG, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH Agista, Zendi; Rachwibowo, Prakosa; Aribowo, Yoga
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Komplek Gunung Telomoyo merupakan salah satu daerah prospek panasbumi di Indonesia ditandai dengan munculnya manifestasi panasbumi di sekitarnya. Komplek Gunung Telomoyo terletak di Kabupaten Semarang dan Kabupaten Magelang. Secara fisiografis terletak pada Zona Solo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang model sistem panasbumi komplek Gunung Telomoyo berdasarkan data litologi, struktur geologi dari kenampakan citra satelite. Metode penelitian meliputi interpretasi citra, pengamatan lapangan yang dilanjutkan dengan metode analisis.Dari hasil interpretasi citra satelite, didapatkan interpretasi litologi, geomorfologi dan pola kelurusan (lineament). Citra landsat yang digunakan yaitu citra komposit saluran 4R, 5G, 7B. Proses interpretasi citra ini menggunakan unsur – unsur dasar interpretasi citra seperti warna, bentuk, tekstur, rona, pola dan bayangan ditambah dengan interpretasi geologi yang meliputi relief atau morfologi. Interpretasi litologi didapatkan litologi lava, piroklastik dan alluvium. Struktur geologi hasil interpretasi citra  satelit meliputi, struktur sesar, struktur runtuhan (collapse) dan kelurusan (lineament). Struktur permukaan dianalisis melalui kerapatan lineament di permukaan dengan metode FFD (Fault Fracture Density). Berdasarkan peta FFD, diketahui bahwa daerah prospek panasbumi berada di daerah Candiumbul, Kendal Duwur, Keningar, Gunung Telomoyo, Candidukuh, dan baratlaut daerah penelitian. Analisis struktur geologi dari lineament menggunakan diagram roset diketahui arah umumnya yaitu barat – laut, timurlaut-baratdaya. Berdasarkan analisis petrografi, litologi penyusun berupa lava andesit dan piroklastik.Berdasarkan survey lapangan, sistem panasbumi Gunung Telomoyo yang menjadi heat source berasal dari magma andesit – basaltik, lalu reservoir area panasbumi Gunung Telomoyo terdapat pada batuan piroklastik, dan cap rock nya yaitu lava andesit. 
STUDI PENDAHULUAN DAERAH PROSPEK PANASBUMI BERDASARKAN DATA MANIFESTASI PANASBUMI, GEOKIMIA DAN ISOTOP FLUIDA PANASBUMI KOMPLEK GUNUNG TELOMOYO, KABUPATEN SEMARANG, JAWA TENGAH Hutami, Rizki Trisna; Aribowo, Yoga; Widiarso, Dian Agus
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Telomoyo Mountain (area) is one of geothermal prospect area in Indonesia which is shown by many geothermal manifestations around the mountain. Telomoyo Mountain (area) is located in two regencies, Semarang and Magelang, Central Java. The purpose of this study is to get vision about geothermal model system in Telomoyo Mountain based on geothermal manifestation data, geothermal fluid geochemistry, and geothermal fluid isotope.Based on manifestation mapping there are two kinds of manifestation, warm spring and alteration. Warm springs are spread in Candi Dukuh and Candi Umbul with neutral pH characteristic and 36oC water temperature. Based on fluid geochemistry analysis the type of fluid is chloride-bicarbonate water, and based on Na-K-Mg comparison the fluid is immature water. Based on isotope 18O and 2H analysis, warm spring has mixed with meteoric water. Altered rocks are found in Desa Dangkel, Desa keningar, Desa Sepakung, and Desa Kendal Duwur with the type of alteration is argillic – advanced argillic. Based on petrography analysis, lithology in this area are andesitic lava, tuff breccia, and pyroclastic breccia. Based on XRD analysis, altered minerals in rock which is argillic type are smectite, halloysite, kaolinite, and jarosite. In rock which has advanced argilic type, there are dickite, phyrophillite, alunite, diaspora, cristobalite, and pyrite. Dickite and alunite mineral are typical mineral for physicochemical environment with acid in pH and 230 – 260 oC in temperature. Candi Umbul and Candi Dukuh warm spring shows the lateral outflow zone of the geothermal system, while advanced argillic alteration shows the upflow zone of geothermal system.
Integrasi Log Sumur dan Seismik 2D Untuk Analisis Karakteristik Reservoir dan Menghitung Potensi Hidrokarbon Pada Formasi Tualang, Lapangan “SHANDORA”, Cekungan Sumatera Tengah Bandono Wahyudi, Ibnu Dwi; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Yuwono, Radig Wisnu
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Minyak dan gasbumi masih menjadi kebutuhan energi primer meskipun saat ini mulai banyak pengembangan energi alternatif. Produksi minyak bumi yang semakin menurun namun produksi gas semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya karena lapangan migas di Indonesia lebih banyak menyimpan gas. Daerah penelitian terletak pada Lapangan “SHANDORA”, Cekungan Sumatera Tengah dengan target reservoir adalah Formasi Tualang.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dan metode analisis. Dari metode tersebut, kemudian dilakukan tahap analisis dan interpretasi dengan data penunjang yaitu data seismik 2D dan data log sumur. Kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain menganalisis dan menginterpretasi litologi, mengkorelasi antar sumur, menganalisis fasies dan lingkungan pengendapan, menghitung parameter petrofisika, menginterpretasi seismik, memetakan kondisi bawah permukaan, dan menghitung cadangan hidrokarbon. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk menunjang studi Tugas Akhir ini adalah Petrel, GSv5.1, dan SMT Kingdom.Dari hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa Formasi Tualang merupakan kumpulan seri serpih, batupasir dan lapisan tipis batugamping. Analisis elektrofasies pada Formasi Tualang menunjukkan bahwa Formasi ini terendapkan di lingkungan Shoreface (Regressive to Transgressive) – Shelf. Target batuan reservoir pada Formasi Tualang adalah lapisan batupasir TS-2 dan TS-5. Lapisan batupasir TS-2 dan TS-5 merupakan lapisan batupasir dengan karakteristik volume serpih berkisar 8,44% - 24,67%, porositas berkisar 15% - 25%, saturasi air berkisar 26,93% - 37,24%, dan permeabilitas berkisar 2,1 mD – 46 mD. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan cadangan volumetrik pada lapangan “SHANDORA” didapat cadangan gas mencapai 17,90 BCF dan gas yang dapat diproduksi mencapai 10,74 BCF dengan nilai recovery factor 60%. Keberadaan hidrokarbon di Formasi Tualang tidak lepas dari pengaruh tektonik yang terjadi di Cekungan Sumatera Tengah yang menghasilkan pola struktur geologi berarah baratlaut – tenggara. Pada daerah penelitian, hidrokarbon terakumulasi di perangkap reverse-faulted anticline dan flank pinchout.
PENENTUAN ZONA PROSPEK HIDROKARBON PADA FRACTURED BASEMENT BERDASARKAN DATA WELL LOG DAN SEISMIK 3D PADA LAPANGAN MALAWAPATI SUB-CEKUNGAN JAMBI, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN Wahyudianto, Rahman; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Widodo, Robet Wahyu
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Hydrocarbon discovery in the basement of several exploration wells in South Sumatra Basin, giving new challenges for geologists to find hydrocarbon reserves with the concept of new thinking, the best one on the concept of the geology and oil exploration in fractured basement.Research object is on the basement high, which dominant lithology is schist. This research is located at Malawapati and includes part of the Sub-Basin of Jambi, South Sumatra Basin. Based on Drill Stem Test (DST), hydrocarbon potential of fractured basement on Prabu X1 is around 0.2-1 MMSCFGPD (Million Standard Cubic Feet Gas Per Day) and on Dharma X3 is around traces-1 MMSCFGPD, then it needs a good study to determine hydrocarbon potential in the fractured basement.The purpose of this research is obtaining a description of the basement characteristic and vertical fracture intensity in the basement by using well log and master log, obtaining horizontal fracture distribution in the basement by using 3D seismic and seismic attributes, obtaining a description of the basement geometry by analyzing geological structures in the basement, determining correlation of the two data are intensity and distribution of fracture to determine the location of the most prospect as a hydrocarbon zone.The research method is using descriptive and analytical methods. There are 3 wells in Malawapati field. There are 2 wells which reaching the basement, which are Prabu X1 and Dharma X3 and also a well not reaching the basement, which is Dharma X3. Well log and master log is used to determine basement characteristics and vertical fracture intensity with Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), it is used for reference in retraction the target zone on seismic attribute by type variance cube, which the suitable are 70 ms below the horizon of Prabu X1 and 25 ms below the horizon of the well Dharma X3. 3D seismic data is used to determine basement geometry and horizontal fracture distribution with seismic attribute by type variance cube.Based on the correlation analysis of well log, master log and seismic attribute by type variance cube, is known that hydrocarbon prospect zone in vertical is weathered basement zone and high intensity zone. Hydrocarbon prospect zone in horizontal is zone A which is the top of basement high zone and also not affected by zone fault so it has low fracture intensity. Zone B is edge of the basement high zone and also affected by zone fault so it has high fracture intensity
PENENTUAN TIPE ALTERASI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS PETROGRAFI, MINERAGRAFI, DAN GEOKIMIA PADA DAERAH KASIMBAR, KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH Salamah, Ainul Fatayatis; Aribowo, Yoga; Widiarso, Dian Agus; Ali, Rinal Khaidar
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Hydrothermal alteration is a complex process, because it involves a change in mineralogy, chemistry and texture resulting from the interaction of hydrothermal solutions with rocks in its path on certain physico-chemical conditions (Pirajno, 1992). Hydrothermal processes in certain circumstances will result a collection of certain minerals known as the set of mineral or mineral assemblage (Guilbert and Park, 1986). One evidence of hydrothermal alteration is the appearance of veins that had level of metal minerals and it is also a change on the rock side, as found in Kasimbar District, Moutong Parigi Regency, Central Sulawesi province. In the area discovered the existence of gold in the alluvium sediments that are the result of weathering schist and quartz veining. Gold is found in alluvium sediments are secondary gold or placer gold. From the research that has been done, found gold in quartz veins trapped on phyllite rocks. This study was conducted to determine the lithology of the region, the study based on petrographic analysis, knowing the characteristics of the rock alteration found in the study area based on petrographic analysis mineragraphy, knowing the type of alteration that develops in the area of research, knowing mineralization contained in the study area. Research in Kasimbar District, Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi Province was conducted by analyzing rock samples taken from the area. Analysis is conducted with the petrographic analysis, mineragraphy, lithology and geochemistry of the units located in the area.Based on the results of petrographic thin section analysis of rock samples, lithology contained in Kasimbar District, Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi Province is phyllite, granite and gneiss. Alteration characteristics of the study area is known of the characteristics quartz veins, alteration minerals characteristics and  metal minerals characteristics. Quartz veins in the study area was divided into two, namely quartz veins in granite and quartz veins in metamorphic rocks (parallel and cut foliation). Characteristic alteration minerals contained in the study area is chlorite, sericite, biotite, epidote and quartz. Mineralization characteristics of the region, is study of sulphide minerals such as pyrite, bornite, and enargite; iron oxide minerals such as magnetite and hematite and the mineral element in the form of native gold (Au). Type of alteration is developed in the research area of prophylitic alteration, potassic alteration, silicification alteration, and carbonization alteration. Type of mineral deposits research areas is high sulfidation epithermal deposits.