Althea Medical Journal
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
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<![CDATA[The Teratogenic Effect of The Mindi (Melia azedarach L) Leaves Ethanol Extract on Mice (Mus musculus) Fetus ]]>
<![CDATA[Adisti Erlina Sutomo]]>;
<![CDATA[Trully D. Sitorus]]>;
<![CDATA[Adhi Pribadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Mindi leaves (Melia azeradach L.) were used by Indonesians as a traditional medicine for pregnant women because it was considered to be safe. Mindi leaves contain several active compounds and one of them is suspected as a teratogen and can disrupt fetus growth in gestation. This research aims to know about the teratogenic effect of ethanol extract of Mindi leaves by using mice.Methods: This was a laboratory experimental study using 27 pregnant female mice (Mus musculus) of Swiss Webster strain which were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=9) controlled (Carboxymethyl cellulose 1% for day 1–18 of pregnancy), group I (mindi leaves ethanol extract 3.22 mg+Carboxymethyl cellulose 1% day 1–5 of pregnancy), and group II (mindi leaves ethanol extract 3.22 mg+Carboxymethyl cellulose 1% day 6–18 of pregnancy). Observation was done to see total amount of fetus, live normal fetus count, length and weight of fetus, abnormal fetus count consisting of dead fetus count with normal and abnormal external morphology, and resorbed fetus count. This research was done from October to November 2012 in Pharmacological laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajdjaran. Data analysis utilized unpaired t-test.Results: The result showed a significant difference (p<0.05), seen from live normal fetus count and abnormal fetus count consisting of dead fetus count with normal and abnormal external morphology, and resorpted fetus count. Conclusions: Administration of Mindi leaves extract during pregnancy of mices can cause teratogenic effect.[AMJ.2015;2(1):221–25]]]>
<![CDATA[Propolis as an Anti-allergy Based on Decrease in Total Eosinophil Count in Rat Models ]]>
<![CDATA[Rashmika Nambiar]]>;
<![CDATA[Enny Rohmawaty]]>;
<![CDATA[Leni Lismayanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Propolis is a natural herb derived from plant resins by bees. Propolis contains flavonoids that act as anti-allergy. The composition of flavonoids in propolis varies according to each region like Brazilian, Chinese, Malaysian and Indonesian propolis due to differences in medicinal plants in that area. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of propolis as an anti-allergy and to determine which is the most effective among propolis of Brazilian, Malaysian and Indonesian origin.Methods: An experimental study was performed on 28 Wistar male rats divided into four groups, Brazilian, Malaysian, Indonesian propolis and a negative control group. The used parameter was decreased in total eosinophil count in ovalbumin induced allergy in rats. Propolis or aquadest as control were given orally 0.25ml once daily.Results: All three groups of propolis showed statistically significant results (p<0.05), in decreasing eosinophil count. However, Malaysian and Brazilian propolis showed much more significant effects compared to that of Indonesian propolis. This could be due to the difference in composition and concentration of flavonoids in Indonesian propolis compared to the Brazilian and Malaysian propolis.Conclusion: Propolis has a significant effect as an anti-allergy. Malaysian and Brazilian propolis are more effective as an anti-allergy compare to Indonesian propolis. Propolis can thus be used as an alternative treatment for allergy. [AMJ.2015;2(1):208–12]]]>
<![CDATA[Clinical Profile and Mortality in Children with Pneumonia ]]>
<![CDATA[Ashvinii Manivel]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Sudarwati]]>;
<![CDATA[RB. Soeherman Herdiningrat]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Pneumonia is the leading killer in under-five children. Therefore, by identifying the danger signs, we are able to predict children who are at higher risk of mortality. The objective of the study is to identify the relationship between the clinical profile and mortality in children with pneumonia at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.Methods: This was an analytical study with a retrospective case control approach using medical records with patient’s age limitation of 1–60 month. The study period started on January 1st 2010 and ended on December 31st 2011. All types of pneumonia included whereas congenital anomalies, immunocompromised and Down’s syndrome patients were excluded in this study. Data were presented as frequency distribution.Results: During the study period, there were 653 children under age of 5 with pneumonia. Only 56 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-eight patients with pneumonia were cured and 28 died. Based on the phi’s coefficient, tachycardia (α-value = 0.019) and hepatomegaly (α-value = 0.001) were significant predictors of death and based on the Mantel-Haenszel analysis, hepatomegaly (OR=9.62, CI 95% 2.349–39.35) was significant as a risk for mortality. Inability to drink, cyanosis, tachypnea, grunting, vomiting, convulsion, and unconsciousness were not related to mortality.Conclusion: Tachycardia and hepatomegaly have a significant relationship with mortality in under-five children with pneumonia. [AMJ.2015;2(1):235–40]]]>
<![CDATA[Factors Affecting Mortality in Adult Tetanus Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Lohghinee Khrisnan]]>;
<![CDATA[Anam Ong]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramdan Panigoro]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Tetanus is a devastating disease that is associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors that were associated with high mortality in tetanus. Methods: This was an analytical study and the data was collected retrospectively from 1 January 2010–31October 2012 in the Department of Neurology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.Results: Out of hundred thirty two cases only 87 cases of tetanus patient have complete medical records. There were 54 male and 33 female. The age range was 35-49 years old. Mortality rate was high (32.18%). The most frequent wound site is extremities (85.07 %). The absence of post-injury tetanus vaccination was 75.86%, period of onset <48 hours was 67.82% and the use of mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy 36.07%. Mortality was significantly associated with an incubation period <7 days (p<0.05), presence of fever(p <0.05), co morbidity of autonomic storm (p<0.01), and the severity of the disease by grade 5 (p<0.05).Conclusions: Factors affecting the mortality in adult tetanus patients were significant for incubation period, fever, co morbidity and severity of the disease by grade. [AMJ.2015;2(1):157–61]]]>
<![CDATA[Enteropathogenic Bacteria from Padang Food in Jatinangor September–October 2012 ]]>
<![CDATA[Syed Anwar Husain]]>;
<![CDATA[Sunarjati Sudigdoadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdullah Firmansyah W.]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Diarrhea is a food borne disease and still a major health problem in Indonesia. Padang foodis a popular cuisine and is exposed on an opened display, sometimes for many hours in room temperature,catering favorable conditions for bacterial growth. This study is undertaken to identify enteropathogenicbacteria on food in Padang restaurants located in Jatinangor, SumedangMethods: A laboratory study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the Department ofMicrobiology in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, during September–October 2012. Sampleswere collected from 5 Padang restaurants located in Jatinangor using systematic random sampling. Fromeach restaurant, 4 wet samples were collected approximately 2–4 hours after being left open on the display shelves from sambal hijau, sambal merah, gulai babat and gulai nangka, cultured in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ºC, then inoculated in Mac Conkey agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ºC. Gram-staining was performed to identify gram-negative rods. The bacteria were put through biochemical tests.Results: Four species bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family were identified. The most frequent bacteria which was identified in the samples was Shigella sp (4 from 20), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia(3 from 20), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp were less identified.Conclusions: Various Padang foods have potential risks of bacterial contamination due to the preparation,handling, and serving. It should be considered that the prepared food should be covered and placed in foodwarmers, ensuring warm food for hours. [AMJ.2015;2(1):241–44]]]>
<![CDATA[Hand hygiene, health care workers, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, nosocomial infection, Staphylococcus aureus ]]>
<![CDATA[Julius Gunadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Herri S. Sastramihardja]]>;
<![CDATA[Nina Susana Dewi]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Ear fungus (Auricularia auricula) contains soluble fiber (beta glucan) which is believed to have an effect of reducing cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fungus infusion in reducing blood cholesterol.Methods: This study used the laboratory experimental method conducted in the pharmacology laboratory of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The subjects were 25 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was given only distilled water as a negative control, the remaining groups were induced to be dyslipidemic and received fungus infusion with different doses of 18%, 36%, 72% and one group received no treatment.Results: The comparison of different doses showed all had the effect of reducing cholesterol levels compared to the positive control group (p<0.05). Each dose showed slight differences in their effectiveness, 18% (p=0.007; p<0.05), 36% (p=0.002; p<0.05), and 72% (p=0.014; p<0.05).Conclusions: ear fungus infusion had the effect of reducing cholesterol with the most effective concentration was 36%. [AMJ.2015;2(1):153–61]]]>
<![CDATA[Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Related to Annual Rainfall, Population Density, Larval Free Index and Prevention Program in Bandung 2008 to 2011 ]]>
<![CDATA[Anggia Karina]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Yusnita Irda Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Uun Sumardi]]>;
<![CDATA[Elsa Pudji Setiawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains one of health problems in all provinces in Indonesia including West Java. Bandung as the capital of West Java province has dengue prevalence that is above the average prevalence of all provinces. This study aimed to describe the pattern of dengue incidence rate, annual rainfall, population density, and larval free index as well as the implementation of prevention program in sub-districts with the highest incidence rate in Bandung between 2008 and 2011.Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted in September 2012 using secondary data during the period of January 2008 to December 2011. The incidence rate was calculated based on DHF patients who live in Bandung. Data were analyzed using computer and Arc View 3.3. Pattern of incidence rate was characterized with red, yellow, and green region respectively. Results: The highest incidence rate of DHF occurred in 2009. Incidence increased in January to February and declined in the end of the year. Subdistricts with highest incidence had no highest annual rainfall and the population density below the average of population density in Bandung. The highest implementation of fogging program was not only performed in high incidence subdistricts but also in area with larval free index less than 95%. Larval free index in subdistricts with highest incidence were not all below 95%.Conclusions: Incidence of DHF increases after months of highly rainfall. The pattern of incidence rate in all subdistrict is dynamic and suspected do not related to annual rainfall, population density, high larva free index, and frequency of fogging. [AMJ.2015;2(1):262–7]]]>
<![CDATA[Knowledge of Personal Hygiene among Food Handlers in Canteen at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, October to November 2012 ]]>
<![CDATA[Drasthya Zarisha]]>;
<![CDATA[Budi Darmawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ardini S. Raksanagara]]>;
<![CDATA[Elsa Pudji Setiawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Food borne diseases are caused by contamination of pathogenic microorganism and are still a major health problem throughout the world. There are 1,8 billion cases of diarrhea which mostly were caused by food contamination in 2005. Food handlers are at risk of contaminating microorganism towards food they handle. The process of transmission can be prevented by practicing good hygiene while processing and handling food. The objective of this study was assessing knowledge among food handlers regardingtheir personal and food hygiene at canteen in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted during the period of October to November 2012 to 14 food handlers in the Canteen at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran using 26 validated questions divided into 3 major parts, 14 questions for knowledge of hand washing, 9 questions for knowledge of utilization of clean water and 3 questions for knowledge of waste management. The scores were classified as good, moderate, and poor. Data were analyzed using frquency distribution.Results: Majority of the respondents was male and common age group was 20–29 years old. Eight of the respondents were senior high school graduates. Based on working experience, majority of food handlers had been working for one and three years. None of the respondents had good knowledge. Only 12 and 2respondents had moderate and poor knowledge, respectively.Conclusion: None of the respondents had good knowledge regarding hand washing, utilization of clean water and waste management. Therefore, there is a need in providing more education about those aspects.[AMJ.2015;2(1):245–9]]]>
<![CDATA[Intention for Hepatitis B Vaccination among Male-to-female Transgenders in Bandung ]]>
<![CDATA[Ain Izzati Khiruddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Irvan Afriandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Laili Aznur]]>;
<![CDATA[Elsa Pudji Setiawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Hepatitis B is still an alarming global disease nowadays. The majority of transmission is by sexual activity during adulthood and male-to-female transgender is a high risk group. Despite protective vaccine is available, vaccination coverage among these high risk groups remained low. This study aimed to compare the differences in attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control between the intended group and unintended group for hepatitis B vaccination among male-to-female transgenders in Bandung.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted during September–November 2012 to 100 male-to-female transgenders residing in Bandung. Thirteen Likert scales validated questionnaires were used to compare the attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control by their intention of hepatitis B vaccination (Theory of Plan Behavior/TPB). the respondents were recruited by the help of Srikandi Pasundan, that actively works in the issues of transgender. The inclusion criterias were they regard themselves as waria, consistent as a transgender for at least six months, residing in Bandung, and sexually active within six months. Independent variables consist of demographic characteristics and TPB construct variables. Mann Whitney Test was used to analyze the data.Results: Among 75% of the unvaccinated respondents, majority (70.7%) have the intention to get hepatitis B vaccination. Mann Whitney analysis showed that there is a difference of attitude between the intended group and unintended group for hepatitis B vaccination, while there are no differences by their intention for subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.Conclusion: The attitude influenced vaccination intention among male-to-female transgenders in Bandung. [AMJ.2015;2(1):253–61]]]>
<![CDATA[Isolation of Methicillin Resistant - Staphylococcus aureus in Midwifery Students Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran September–December 2012 ]]>
<![CDATA[Robinee Panirchelvam]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Megantara]]>;
<![CDATA[Melati Sudiro]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Methicillin Resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant bacteria to certain types of beta-lactam antibiotics. Commonly, the MRSA infection is acquired in hospitals, long-term care facilities, or similar institutional settings. Mid-wives are one of the health professional that have a major risk to get MRSA infection and could lead the infection among patients. This research is aimed to identify MRSA among the midwifery studentsMethods: A descriptive study was conducted from September–December 2012 at the Microbiology laboratory to identify the proportion of MRSA among the mid-wife students from Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Twenty-five samples were chosen using simple random sampling based on their registration number. The inclusion criterias were healthy students, and 18 to 22 years old. Both nostrils were sampled with a sterile culture swab on both the subject’s nostrils. Gram staining was done in order to identify the gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. The samples were inaculated in Mannitol salt agar (MSA), incubated for 24 hours and at 37 ̊ C. After 24 hours, catalase and coagulase tests were done. Moreover, for the susceptibility testing, the chosen media for this study was Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) and with 30μg Cefoxitin disk. After incubation, the zone of inhibition of the colony less than ≤ 21mm was considered resistant to methicillin.Results: Colonization of MRSA was about 3 out from 25 samplesConclusions: The MRSA colonization in the anterior nasal does exist in midwife students, a further study with more samples should be conducted. [AMJ.2015;2(1):204–7]]]>
