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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,099 Documents
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Body Image in Relation with Stress Level and Self-Esteem Among Adolescents with Thalassemia Major Felicia Kurniawan; Magdalena Surjaningsih Halim; Surilena Surilena; Elisabeth Eileen Santoso; Sarah Agatha Indra; Valencia Valencia
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4587

Abstract

Background: Body image influences how adolescents perceive and accept physical changes. Adolescents with thalassemia major require regular blood transfusions, which may lead to iron overload and complications such as bone and skull deformities, growth delay, and low body mass index. These physical changes may contribute to body dissatisfaction, stress, and reduced self-esteem. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body image, stress, and self-esteem among adolescents with thalassemia major.Methods: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from July to October 2023. A total of 54 adolescents aged 12–19 years from Jakarta, Bekasi, and Bogor participated in the study. After obtaining informed consent from their mothers, participants completed the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Body image, stress level, and self-esteem were assessed using these instruments. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results: Most participants were female (61.1%), with a mean age of 14.4 ± 2.42 years. The majority had a positive body image (61.1%), were not experiencing stress (70.4%), and had high self-esteem (83.3%). No significant associations were found between body image and stress (p=0.630), body image and self-esteem (p=0.261), or stress and self-esteem (p=0.274).Conclusion: No significant associations were observed between body image and stress, body image and self-esteem, or stress and self-esteem among adolescents with thalassemia major. Despite disease-related physical changes, most participants reported a positive body image, low stress levels, and high self-esteem.
Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications of Diabetic Patients: Study form in Gatak Primary Health Care, Sukoharjo, Indonesia Iin Novita Nurhidayati Mahmuda; Metana Puspitasari; Sahilah Ernawati; Sulistyani Sulistyani; Rada Citra Saputra
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4401

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a major global health problem, and Indonesia being one of the countries with high prevalence. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c are the main biomarkers used to assess glycaemic control. Screening for macrovascular and microvascular complications is necessary for early intervention to prevent permanent disability. This study aimed to determine the incidence of macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetic patients in primary health care.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022 among patients with diabetes who routinely attended Gatak Primary Health Care. Screening for macrovascular complications included PAD with Ankle-Brachial Index assessment; whereas the microvascular complications using monofilament testing for neuropathy, eye examination for retinopathy, and microalbuminuria for nephropathy.Result: Among 65 patients with diabetes, most were female (83.1%), with a mean age of 62.43±9.47 years. The mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was 192.62±86.92 mg/dl, and the mean HbA1c was 12.55±3.59%. Both macrovascular complication (PAD 32.3%) and microvascular complications (retinopathy 57.1%, neuropathy 44.9%, nephropathy 49.2%) were identified, demonstrating the burden of diabetes-related outcomes in primary care.Conclusion: Macrovascular and microvascular complications were highly prevalent among patients with diabetes in primary care, with microvascular complications occurring more frequently. These findings indicate that inadequate glycaemic control contributes substantially to complication rates.
One Minute Stair Step Test in Predicting VO2 max among Healthy Young Adults Lisna Anisa Fitriana; Upik Rahmi; Setiawan Setiawan; Lucky Angkawijaya Roring; Hamidie Ronald Daniel Ray; Roman Ardian Goenarjo; Zulkarnain Jaafar; Farida Murtiani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4662

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, are increasing among Indonesian young adults despite their apparently healthy status. Valid field methods for assessing VO₂max, a key indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, are needed for large-scale screening. This study validated the one-minute stair step test (OMSST) against the Bruce treadmill protocol as the reference standard. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 51 healthy males (20.41±0.57 years, BMI 22.52±3.28 kg/m²) in Bandung, Indonesia. VO₂max was measured using the Bruce protocol and estimated using the OMSST (40-cm step, 30 steps/min). Anthropometrics variables, heart rate recovery at 60 seconds (HRR60), and multiple regression variables (age, height, weight, and HRR60) were analyzed using paired t-tests, correlations, and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The mean VO₂max estimated using the OMSST (50.91±3.29 mL/kg/min) closely matched that measured Bruce protocol (49.75±3.61 mL/kg/min; p=0.091), with a small positive bias (1.16 mL/kg/min) and 95% limits of agreement within acceptable bounds. A strong correlation (r=0.85, p<0.001) confirmed validity. HRR60 (91.12±15.10 bpm) significantly predicted VO₂max.Conclusion: OMSST is a valid, simple, low-cost field surrogate for laboratory VO₂max testing in young males, ideal for middle-income settings. Future studies should assess diverse populations and longitudinal reliability.
Cervical Cancer Chemoprevention Using Hippobroma longiflora Extract through Modulation of Ki-67 and p53 in Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Wistar Rats Ana Bina Sari; Eman Sutrisna; Daniel Joko Wahyono
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4633

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer remains one of the most common malignancies affecting women worldwide and is closely linked to dysregulated cell proliferation and impaired tumor suppressor responses. Herbs contain effective anticancer compounds that may be used alone or as adjuvants to existing chemotherapy regimens to improve efficacy and/or reduce drug-induced toxicity. Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don a or kitolod is a medicinal plant known to contain antioxidant and anticancer compounds. This study evaluated the effect of ethanol extract of kitolod leaves on Ki-67 and p53 expression in a Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced cervical carcinogenesis model in female Wistar rats.Methods: This experimental study used a post-test-only control group design. Female Wistar rats (n=25) were grouped into five groups: a healthy control group without B[a]P exposure, a negative control group receiving only B[a]P (0.3 mg/kg BW/day); and three treatment groups receiving B[a]P combined with kitolod leaf extract at doses of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg BW/day for 30 days. Phytochemical screening and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to characterize the extract. Cervical histopathologal and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to assess Ki-67 and p53 expression. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Compared with the negative control, kitolod leaf extract significantly reduced Ki-67 expression and increased p53 expression (p<0.001). The greatest effect was observed at the 300 mg/kg BW/day dose. Conclusions: Kitolod leaf ethanol extract modulates Ki-67 and p53 expression in B[a]P-exposed rats, suggesting anti-proliferative activity and enhancement of tumor suppressor responses during early cervical carcinogenesis.
Effect of Jogging Duration on Concentration Levels among University Students Amadeo Wibisono; Aila Johanna; Julia Rahadian Tanjung; Nawanto Agung Prastowo; Ignatio Rika Haryono
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4231

Abstract

Background: Concentration is an important component of cognitive function. However, many college students experience reduced attention spans, often lasting only 10 to 15 minutes. Previous studies have shown that poor concentration levels remain common among university students. Physical exercise, such as jogging, may improve brain function and enhance concentration. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of jogging duration on concentration levels among university student. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in 2024, involving medical students from a university in Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants were screened using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and selected through random sampling. Respondents were divided into three groups: a 10-minute jogging group, a 30-minute jogging group, and a control group without jogging intervention. The intervention was conducted for 8 weeks at each participant’s location. Concentration levels were assessed before and after the intervention using the Concentration Grid Test, administered at the university. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to compare changes in concentration scores and the Kruskal-Wallis to compare post-intervention scores among groups.Results: A total of 28 students participated, with females comprising the majority of participants (64.3%; n=18). The 10-minute jogging group demonstrated a significant improvement in concentration levels compared with the control group (p=0.004). Concentration Grid Test scores increased by 4.6 points in the 10-minute jogging group (p<0.001), and by 3.8 points in the 30-minute jogging group (p=0.003). Conclusions: A 10-minute jogging session improves concentration levels among university students, suggesting that short-duration physical activity provide cognitive benefits and may support academic performance and well-being.
Correlation Between Exercise Frequency and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Perimenopausal Women Aged 45–50 Years Ni Luh Kadek Alit Arsani; Luh Ari Arini; Luh Yenny Armayanti; Komang Hendra Prasetiawan; Made Satya Nugraha Gautama
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4594

Abstract

Background: During perimenopause, declining estrogen levels often lead to altered menstrual patterns and other age-related health concerns. Consequently, the role of physical activity warrants closer examination. This study investigated the correlation between exercise frequency and menstrual cycle characteristics in premenopausal womenMethods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Singaraja City, Indonesia, from July to October 2024. A total of 150 premenopausal women aged 45–50 years were recruited through random sampling. Exercise frequency was measured using the World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and categorized as never, low (1–2 times/week), moderate (3–4 times/week), and high (>5 times/week). Menstrual cycle characteristics were assessed according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) criteria, including cycle frequency, regularity, duration, and sanitary product use. Correlations between exercise frequency and menstrual parameters were analyzed using Spearman’s Rho test.Results: Almost half of the women (45.3%) exercised 1–2 times/week. Interestingly, 22.0% never exercised. Moderate negative correlations were observed between exercise frequency and menstrual cycle period (r=-0.35, p<0.001) as well as regularity (r=-0.42, p<0.001). However, no significant correlation was found between exercise frequency and menstrual duration, and only a weak negative correlation with sanitary product use (r=-0.17, p=0.038).Conclusions: Physical activity appears to modulate menstrual cycle patterns during perimenopause. Consequently, regular exercise may facilitate hormonal homeostasis and support reproductive health throughout the menopausal transition, ultimately enhancing overall quality of life
Combined Permethrin and Salt Water Immersion Effects on Eosinophils, Immunoglobulin E, Histamine, and C3 Complement in Scabies Patients Reqgi First Trasia; Endang Purwaningsih; Tjandra Yoga Aditama; Sri Wahyu Herlinawati
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4698

Abstract

Background: Scabies reduces quality of life due to intense nocturnal pruritus. Pruritus is associated with hypereosinophilia, increased immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine release, and complement C3 activation. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of combined permethrin and salt-water immersion therapy in reducing eosinophil counts, IgE, histamine, and complement C3 levels in patients with scabies.Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group study was conducted among 92 students with scabies at an Islamic boarding school in Banten Province, Indonesia, from December 2024 to December 2025. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received combined permethrin and warm salt-water immersion therapy, while the control group received permethrin alone. Eosinophil count, IgE, histamine, and complement C3 levels were measured before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests.Results: Significant reductions were observed in the intervention group after therapy in eosinophils (t=65.0; p<0.001), IgE (t=152.9; p<0.001), histamine (t=152.1; p<0.001), and complement C3 (t=152.4; p<0.001). Post-treatment comparisons showed significant differences between groups for eosinophils (t=2.07; p<0.05), IgE (t=2.66; p<0.05), histamine (t=2.09; p<0.05), and complement C3 (t=4.25; p<0.001).Conclusions: Combined permethrin and warm salt-water immersion therapy significantly reduced inflammatory and immunological markers in patients with scabies and may help alleviate nocturnal pruritus.
Association Between High-Sodium Food Consumption and Sleep Quality among Young Adults Anthony Andrew Gunarso; Lilis Lilis; Vetinly Vetinly; Nanny Djaya; Poppy Kristina Sasmita
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4257

Abstract

Background: Excessive sodium intake is associated with various health issues, including hypertension and cardiovascular disorders, which may contribute to circadian rhythm disturbances and nocturnal urination that can impair sleep quality. This study aimed to explore the association between high-sodium food consumption and sleep quality among young adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 107 preclinical medical students aged 18-22 years at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, North Jakarta, Indonesia, conducted between August and October 2024. Sodium consumption data were collected using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), whereas sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants were selected using proportional-to-size sampling. Data were analyzed using the Fisher’s Exact test.Results: Of the 107 respondents, 36.4% consumed high-sodium foods exceeding the recommended intake limits. Male respondents showed a higher mean sodium intake (2.262 mg +/- s.d) compared with female respondents (1.897 mg +/- s.d), although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.260). Most participants (77.6%) had good sleep quality based on PSQI assessment. Interestingly, a significant association was observed between high-sodium food consumption habits and sleep quality (p=0.000)Conclusion: High sodium dietary habits are associated with poor sleep quality among young adults. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring the daily sodium intake and reducing the consumption of sodium-rich foods to support better sleep quality and overall health.
Internet Gaming Disorder Among Junior High School Adolescents in Jakarta: A Comparative Analysis Between Public and Private Schools Eva Suryani; Tjhin Wiguna; Listya Tresnanti Mirtha; Kristiana Siste; Rini Sekartini; Sabarinah Sabarinah; Alida R. Harahap; Luh Nyoman Alit Aryani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v13n2.4784

Abstract

Background: The increasing availability of mobile games and expandinng access to devices have contributed to the growing prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), particularly among adolescents. The IGD is associated with impaired well-being and functioning, including sleep, psychological, academic, and social problems. However, evidence regarding effective school-based interventions remains limited. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of IGD among junior high school students in public and private schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 2,320 junior high school students from January to August 2025. Demographic data were collected using a basic questionnaire, and IGD was assessed using the Internet Gaming Disorder Test-10 (IGDT-10). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test with SPSS version 23.0Results: The prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) among junior high school adolescents in Jakarta was 2.2%. In private school, IGD was significantly associated with duration of gaming ≥4 hours/day and male gender, whereas in public school, IGD was significantly associated with the use of multiple gaming devices.Conclusions: The prevalence of IGD among junior high school students in Jakarta was 2.2%. Factors associated with IGD varied between public and private schools, suggesting that prevention strategies should be tailored to the school context. Early identification of excessive gaming behaviors may support adolescent well-being and healthy development.

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