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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
 103   104   105   106   107 
Enhancing Care Quality and Wellness for Older Adults: Empathy Training in Nursing Lusianah, Lusianah; Fajarini, Melati; Maharani, Cintya Narulita
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n2.4153

Abstract

Background:  Empathy plays an essential role in older adult care and patient wellness, by strengthening healthcare quality and the nurse-patient relationship. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Carl Rogers-based empathy training in improving the capacity of empathy among nurses, particularly in caring for older adult patients and wellness. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was conducted in October 2024 at Bekasi Regency Hospital, Indonesia. Nurses from inpatient and outpatient units were selected through purposive sampling. Empathy was assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) before and after a three-day training program. The analysis included overall empathy scores and four subdimensions: Empathic Concern (EC), Perspective Taking (PT), Fantasy Scale (FS), and Personal Distress (PD). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and effect size calculations.Results: The mean total empathy score slightly decreased from 47.91±7.4 to 46.14±2.6 (p=0.190, r=0.22). However, significant improvements were observed in EC (p=0.004, r=0.51) and FS (p=0.007, r=0.42), whereas PD decreased significantly (p=0.001, r=0.61). No significant change was found in PT (p=0.457, r=0.12).  Conclusion: Short-term empathy training effectively enhances emotional dimensions of empathy, such as empathic concern and fantasy scale, while reducing personal distress. However, it does not significantly improve overall empathy scores. Long-term training, reinforcement strategies, and cognitive-based interventions may be needed to support sustained empathy developments in nursing care for older adults and patient wellness.
Protein Insufficiency Among First-Trimester Pregnant Women in Jambi, Indonesia Herlambang, Herlambang; Puspasari, Anggelia; Maharani, Citra; Enis, Rina Nofri; Fitri, Amelia Dwi; Kusdiyah, Erny; Ibnu, Ismi Nurwaqiah
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n2.4044

Abstract

Background: Insufficient protein intake or specific patterns of plasma amino acid levels during pregnancy has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Studies in non-pregnant women have reported an association between protein intake and amino acid levels, however, data in pregnant women remain limited. Jambi, a region rich in freshwater fish, has a traditional dishes based on fish, which may affect maternal protein adequacy. This study aimed to assess protein sufficiency intake, plasma essential amino acid levels, and the relationship between fish consumption and protein intake among first-trimester pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 involving pregnant women at 9-16 weeks of gestation in Jambi, Indonesia, selected through purposive sampling. Protein intake and fish consumption data were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaires. Plasma essential amino acid levels were measured using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Bivariate analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests.Results: Among 30 participants, 23.3% had insufficient protein intake and had lower plasma essential amino acid levels. Lysine levels showed a statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.010). Women with adequate protein intake reported significant higher fish consumption, particularly of freshwater fish (p=0.033).Conclusion: Adequate protein intake during early pregnancy is related to higher plasma essential amino acid levels. Consumption of local freshwater fish contributes to maintaining sufficient protein intake. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating healthy dietary patterns and locally sourced nutrient-rich foods into prenatal care to support maternal wellness and long-term health outcomes.
Factors Associated with Psychological Well-Being in Non-Hemorrhagic Post-Stroke Patients Lahdji, Aisyah; Anggraini, Merry Tiyas; Fuadah, Sholahiatul
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n2.3793

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a complex condition that often leads to physical impairment and psychological challenges. Psychological well-being plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life and overall recovery in post-stroke patients. This study aimed to identify factors linked to psychological well-being in non-haemorrhagic post-stroke patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2022, included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of non-hemorrhagic stroke at the K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. After obtaining informed consent, data on demographic characteristics, family welfare status, and psychological well-being were collected. Psychological well-being was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and associations between variables were examined using the Spearman correlation test.Results: A total of 80 non-hemorrhagic post-stroke patients participated, with the majority aged over 65 years (53%). Most participants (58.8%) reported strong family support, and had moderate psychological well-being (76%). Both the level of education and the degree of family support were significantly related to psychological well-being (p=0.028).Conclusion: Education level and family support are related to psychological well-being in non-haemorrhagic post-stroke patients. These finding highlight the need for a holistic approach to stroke recovery that includes psychosocial support, therapeutic interventions, and family involvement. Addressing psychological aspects along with physical rehabilitation can improve mental well-being and optimize recovery outcomes.
Infanticide Cases at a Top Referral Hospital in West Java, Indonesia: Prevalence and Causes from 2019 to 2023 Lumbantoruan, Luna Oktavia; Novita, Nita; Yosiati, Naomi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n2.4078

Abstract

Background: Infanticide refers to the intentional killing of a newborn by the biological mother shortly after birth, which can be proven through internal and external forensic examinations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and  causes of suspected infanticide cases at a top referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using total sampling of all Visum et Repertum reports from 2019 to 2023 at the Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. A total of 1,531 forensic cases were reviewed. Data on characteristics and findings from internal and external examinations were collected and analyzed.Results: Of 1,531 cases, the most common classification was death on arrival (n=480), whereas suspected infanticide ranked fourth (n=50). However, only 16 cases met the established forensic criteria for infanticide. The leading cause of deaths was head injury due to blunt force trauma (37.5%), followed by undetermined causes (25%), hypothermia (12.5%), asphyxia (12.5%), drowning (6.25%), and neglect (6.25%).Conclusions: The prevalence of confirmed infanticide is 1.05%, with blunt head trauma being the most common cause of death. These findings highlight the urgent need for government intervention to evaluate population and family development programs, including reproductive health education, readiness for marriage, and parenting responsibilities in school curricula. Promoting comprehensive education and responsible parenting may reduce the incidence of infanticide and support healthier family environments for future generations.
Stigma and Quality of Life Among Pre-elderly with HIV in Jakarta, Indonesia Pakpahan, Evanina Alice; Surilena, Surilena; Hardi, Nicholas
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n2.3913

Abstract

Background: The quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) is affected by physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. During the pre-elderly period (ages 45–59 years), these aspects become major challenges. Stigma is one of the social aspects that may be related to QoL among PLWHIV. This study aimed to examine the correlation between stigma and QoL among pre-elderly with HIV.Method: This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, conducted from July 2022 to August 2023 in health services and online-based HIV communities in Jakarta, Indonesia. Sampling was performed using convenience sampling, including 120 pre-elderly living with HIV. Data were collected online using Google Forms. Stigma was assessed using the Berger HIV Stigma Scale, while QoL was measured using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test in SPSS.Results: Most participants were male (62.5%). The highest median scores in stigma domains were public attitudes (41) and personalized stigma (36). For QoL, the highest median scores were in the physical and spiritual domains (both 15). Personalized stigma and disclosure concerns were negatively correlated with the physical, psychological, independence, and spiritual QoL domains (p<0.05). Negative self-image demonstrated negative correlations with all QoL domains (p<0.05).Conclusions: Stigma is negatively correlated with the quality of life among pre-elderly with HIV in Jakarta. The greater the stigma experienced, the lower their quality of life. Further research using qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, is recommended to explore the correlation of each stigma domain with the quality of life.  
Assessment of Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate and Metformin Hydrochloride as Independent Agents on Human Dermal Fibroblast Viability: Findings from MTT Assay Alfarafisa, Nayla Majeda; Khairani, Astrid Feinisa; Achadiyani, Achadiyani; Chou, Yoan; Aulia, Fitri; Firdaus, Muhammad Bintang
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n2.3954

Abstract

Background: Alpha-tocopheryl acetate (Vitamin E) and metformin hydrochloride have been tested as anti-aging compounds at various concentrations. This study aimed to identify the most effective concentrations of alpha-tocopheryl acetate and metformin hydrochloride in promoting the viability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), a primary cell type in skin aging research.Methods: HDFs were isolated using a mechanical isolation method and cultured under standard conditions. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of alpha-tocopheryl acetate and metformin hydrochloride as independents agents. After 48 hours of incubation, cell viability was measured using the MTT assay.Results: Alpha-tocopheryl acetate had the highest HDF cell viability (107%) at a concentration of 50 μM. Metformin hydrochloride had the maximum HDF cell viability (158%) at 5 μM. However, the viability response varied across different concentrations for both agents, indicating that optimal dosing was essential for maximizing their effectiveness.Conclusions: Alpha-tocopheryl acetate at 50 μM and metformin hydrochloride at 50 μM yield the highest viability of HDFs in vitro. These findings suggest potential roles for both agents in anti-aging skin therapies. Further research is recommended to explore their mechanisms of action and to optimize dosing strategies for clinical applications.
Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Knowledge and HbA1c Levels among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Occupational Health Care Margarita, Susan; Arya, Insi Farisa Desy; Mariani, Helni; Setiawati, Elsa Pudji; Kusumawati, Maya; Mutyara, Kuswandewi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n2.4070

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is a structured self-care program for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including treatment adherence and complications prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DSME on diabetes-related knowledge and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) levels among patients with T2DM.  Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024, involving 65 patients with T2DM in occupational health care in Cikarang and Tangerang, Indonesia.  The DSME program included five key components: (1) diabetes mellitus education, (2) medical nutrition therapy, (3) physical exercise, (4) pharmacological intervention; and (5) blood glucose self-monitoring. The intervention group received DSME in six sessions over three weeks (45–60 minutes each), while the control group only reviewed 40 educational slides for 30 minutes. Knowledge was assessed using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24), and HbA1c levels were measured twice, six months apart. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, dependent t-tests, and ANOVA. Results: The intervention group (n=26) and control group (n=39) had similar baseline characteristics. A significant improvement in diabetes knowledge was observed in both groups. Interestingly, only the intervention group showed a notable reduction in HbA1c levels (−1.9%), from 8.5% to 6.6%. Post-intervention HbA1c levels differed significantly between groups (p<0.05), with the control group remaining at 8.2%.Conclusions: The DSME program effectively improves knowledge and reduces HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM. It is recommended for integration into occupational health care settings to promote healthy lifestyles and enhance diabetes management.
Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract on FGF21 mRNA Expression in Male Wistar Rats’ Skeletal Muscle Under Sedentary Condition Nurhayati, Titing; Lolinhandary, Karen
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n2.3998

Abstract

Background : Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a muscle-derived myokine whose expression changes in response to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily generated by cytochrome c oxidase complex IV (COX IV) in skeletal muscle. Moringa oleifera (MO) is known for its antioxidant potential, which may influence FGF21 expression and oxidative stress pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MO leaf extract on FGF21 mRNA expression and mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle under sedentary conditions. Methods:  This semiquantitative analytic study used 10 sedentary male Wistar rats, divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment group was administered 200 mg/kg of MO leaf extract, while the control group was given a standard diet and water for 12 weeks. COX IV and FGF21 mRNA levels in the soleus muscle were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, independent t-test, or Mann–Whitney test, with significance set at p<0.05.Results: The treatment group exhibited lower COX IV (0.6414 vs 0.7388) and higher FGF21 (0.9414 vs 0.7157) mRNA levels compared to the control group; however, the differences were not significant (p=0.354 and p=0.170, respectively). Conclusions: Although FGF21 may act as a therapeutic response to decreased mitochondrial activity, MO supplementation in sedentary conditions shows no significant effect on mitochondrial oxidative function or FGF21 expression. Nonetheless, these findings contribute to understanding metabolic regulation and highlight the potential role of antioxidants and active lifestyle interventions in promoting wellness and preventing muscle decline due to aging. 
Association Between Smoking and Central Obesity in Individuals Aged ≥40 Years Based on the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 Hendri, Gabriel Anetta; Kurniawan, Felicia; Astiarani, Yunisa; Santi, Bryany Titi; Kristian, Kevin
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n3.4272

Abstract

Background: Obesity and smoking are major public health concerns and leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. Smoking may contribute to central obesity through multiple mechanisms, and individuals aged ≥40 years are at higher risk. This study aimed to examine the association between smoking and central obesity, considering sociodemographic factors, using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from IFLS-5. Participants included Indonesians aged ≥40 years with complete data on smoking and waist circumference. Smoking status was assessed using the Brinkman Index (BI) and classified as light (0–199), moderate (200–599), or heavy (>600). Central obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm for male and ≥80 cm for female. Associations were analyzed using Chi-square tests at 95% confidence interval.Results: Of 3,391 participants, the majority were male (95.4%) with a mean age of 52.76±9.78 years (range 40–101). The prevalence of central obesity was 22.3% (n=790), and the largest group of participants were moderate smokers (54.9%). Central obesity was significantly associated with smoking status (p=0.003), age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), and education level (p<0.001). No significant associations were found with marital status (p=0.826), occupation (p=0.374), or residence (p=0.750).Conclusions: Smoking, age, gender, and education level are significantly associated with central obesity among Indonesians aged ≥40 years. Preventive measures, including smoking cessation and lifestyle interventions, are essential to reduce central obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Protective Effect of Black Rice Extract Cream on Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Hyperpigmentation in Mice Maryanti, Maryanti; Putra, Agung; Subchan, Prasetyowati
Althea Medical Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v12n3.4192

Abstract

Background: Hyperpigmentation is a common sign of skin aging caused by prolonged ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. Black rice (Oryza sativa L. var glutinosa), known for its high antioxidant content, has moisturizing and regenerative properties that may support skin health. This  study aimed to evaluate the effect of black rice extract cream on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in a UVB-induced hyperpigmentation mouse model.Method: An in vivo experimental study with post test only control group design was conducted in 2024 at the Stem Cell and Cancer Research Laboratory, Semarang, Indonesia. Twenty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control (K1),  UVB-exposed negative control group (K2), UVB-exposed group treated with  7.5% (K3) and 15 % (K4) black rice extract cream  for14 days. On day 15, TGF-β and TNF-α expression levels were analyzed using the RTq-PCR,  normalized to GAPDH. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc testing.Results: TGF-β gene expression was the highest in K4 (1.87±0.23), followed by K3 (1.52±0.42l) which was statistically significant different between groups (p=000); whereas TNF-α gene expression was the lowest in K4 (1.92±1.02) compared with K3 (5.40±2.28), and the difference between groups was also statistically significant (p=000).  Conclusion: Black rice extract cream increase TGF-β expression and reduces TNF-α expression in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. These findings suggests its potential as a natural topical agent to mitigate UVB-induced skin damage and premature aging.

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