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Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 76 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 3: September 2019" : 76 Documents clear
Investigation of time diversity gain for earth to satellite link using rain rate gain Md. Moktarul Alam; Islam Md. Rafiqul; Khairayu Badron; Farah Dyana A. R.; Hassaan Dao; M. Rofiqul Hassan; Ali Kadhim Lwas
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1102.624 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1512

Abstract

The utilization of satellites for communication systems has expanded considerably in recent years. C and Ku-bands of frequencies are already congested because of high demand. Future directions of satellite communications are moving towards Ka and V-bands. Earth to satellite communications are moving towards higher frequency bands in future which are more sensitive to environment. Rain causes severe degradation in performances at higher frequency bands specially in tropical regions. Several mitigation techniques are proposed to design reliable system. Time diversity is one of the potential candidate for it. However, time diversity analysis requires measured rain attenuation data. For future high frequency link design those data are not available at most of the places. This thesis proposes a method to utilize 1-minute rain rate to analyze time diversity technique at any desired frequency. This paper proposes a method to utilize 1-minute rain rate to analyse time diversity rain rate gain. In proposed method, it is assumed that rain rate gain with delay can represent rain attenuation gain with delay for same period of time at same location. The characteristics of rain rate and rain attenuation almost same because the attenuation causes due to rain.  One year measured rain rate in Malaysia is used to predict rain rate gain. The measured gain at 12.225 GHz signal is compared with that predicted by ITU-R based on rain rate measurement and is found good agreement. Hence it is recommended that the time diversity gain can be predicted using measured rain rate for any desired frequencies.
Design and Implementation of Visible Light Communication based toys Ain Najihah; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Farah Abdul Rahman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (650.683 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1506

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation steps of a smart visible light communication based toy system equipped with laser sensors that can send and receive the data message based on the conversion of data from ASCII to binary code. The toy system intends to offer two-ways communication that will be a new medium for educational purposes for kids in their developmental stages in which both players can send and receive the data to and from each other toys equipped with sound indicator module to alert the player. Lastly, functionality and system testing were conducted to verify the functionalities of the system. A thorough implementation methodology details are presented in the paper.
Analysis of different digital filters for received signal strength indicator Rafhanah Shazwani Rosli; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Md. Rafiqul Islam
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (756.867 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1508

Abstract

Due to high demand in Internet of Things applications, researchers are exploring deeper alternative methods to provide efficiency in terms of application, energy, and cost among other factors. A frequently used technique is the Received Signal Strength Indicator value for different Internet of Things applications. It is imperative to investigate the digital signal filter for the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings to interpret it into more reliable data. A contrasting analysis of three different types of digital filters is presented in this paper, namely: Simple Moving Average filter, Alpha Trimmed Mean filter and Kalman filter. There are three criteria used to observe the performance of these digital filters which are noise reduction, data proximity and delays. Based on the criteria, the choice of digital signal processing filter can be determined in accordance with its implementations in [ractice. For example, Alpha-Trimmed Meanfilter is shown to be more efficient if used in the pre-processing of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings for physical intrusion detection due to its high data proximity. Hence, this paper illustrates the possibilities of the use of Received Signal Strength Indicator in different Internet of Things applications given a proper choice of digital signal processing filter.
Modeling and development of radio frequency planar interdigital electrode sensors Muhammad Farhan Affendi bin Yunos; Anis Nurashikin Nordin; Anwar Zainuddin; Sheroz Khan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (689.17 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1513

Abstract

The interdigital sensor has been implemented in various field of applications such as microwave device, chemical sensor and biological sensor. This work describes the design and fabrication of an interdigital sensor (IDS) design that has the potential of estimating blood glucose levels using capacitive measurements. The IDS was first designed using theoretical equations and later was optimized by using CST Microwave Studio®. The electrode widths of the sensor were varied from 0.5mm to 0.7mm and the S11 reflection characteristics were simulated.Upon completion of simulations, the sensor was fabricated using copper clad FR4 boards. The fabricated sensors were measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and produced resonance frequencies of 2.02, 2.11 and 2.14 GHz. The highest Q obtained was 11.72 from the 2.11 GHz sensor.
Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element pattern technique Khamis Ali; Norun Abdul Malek; Ahmad Zamani Jusoh; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin; Ani Liza Asnawi
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (889.278 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1516

Abstract

Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.
Multiband antenna using stacked series array for Ka-Band application Rauful Nibir; Islam Md. Rafiqul; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Sarah Yasmin; Naimul Mukit; Sarah Rafiq; Abdinasir S. O
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (939.045 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1519

Abstract

In this paper, a multiband stack series array antenna is designed in order to attain solutions for the future 28 GHz Ka-band application. Double layer substrate Technology is utilized to accomplish multiple resonant frequencies with higher data transfer capacities due to high bandwidth. The designed antenna is dependent on twofold layer consisting patches and resonators in different layers stacked together. The designed multiband antennas can resonate at single band of (28 GHz), dual band of (28 and 30 GHz) and triple band of (24.18, 26 and 28.453). The results achieved in the simulation are later fabricated and tested. The test result illustrates that the antennas have wide bandwidth, high gain and even higher efficiencies. All the proposed antenna configurations have demonstrated a decent possibility for 5G millimeter wave (mmwave) application.
Analysis of airborne dust effects on terrestrialmicrowave propagation in arid area Elfatih A. A. Elsheikh; Islam Md. Rafiqul; Mohamad Hadi Habaebi; Ahmad F. Ismail; Z. E. O. Elshaikh; F. M. Suliman; Jalel Chebil
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (741.753 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1528

Abstract

Sand and dust storms are environmental phenomena ,during these storms optical visibility might be decreased, consequently, atmospheric attenuation is clearly noticed.Micro-wave (MW) and Milimeter-wave (mm) propagation is severely affected by dust and sand storms in considerable areas around the world. Suspended dust particles may directly cause attenuation and cross polarization to the Electromagnetic waves propagating through the storm. In this paper, a thorough investigation of dust storm characteristics based onmeasured optical visibility and relative humidity is presented. In addition,the dust storms effects of on Micro-wave and Millimeter-wave propagation have been studied based on data measured Received Signal levels (RSL)and dust storm characteristics synchronously. Analyticaldustattenuationmodels predictions are matched to the measured attenuationdata at 14 GHz and 21 GHz. It has been found that the measured attenuation is approximately ten times higher than the predicted attenuation for both frequencies.
Investigation of output power in ring CW fiber laser using graphene saturable absorber Belal Ahmed Hamida; Tawfig Eltaif; Farhan Daniel Bin Mohd Noh; Sheroz Khan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (489.392 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1497

Abstract

This paper reported the effect of different coupling ratio in continuous wave fiber laser in a ring cavity configuration. Different coupling ratios of 10/90 and 50/50 were tested. Where the output power may vary depending on the ratio and it can be applied to specific area that requires either high or low output power. In addition, generation of passive Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser (EDFL) using graphene based saturable absorber in ring cavity using different coupling ratio was experimentally investigated. As a result, wavelength centered at 1566.62nm is obtain from EDFL cavity. Moreover, the cavity using coupler of 50/50 is capable to achieve Q-switched pulses as compared to the cavity using coupler of 10/90. Where the maximum output power recorded is 336mW with pulse repetition rate of 23.74 kHz. In addition, the pulse width is 3.84µs, and pulse energy is 14.15nJ.
26 GHz phase shifters for multi-beam nolen matrix towards fifth generation (5G) technology Norhudah Seman; Nazleen Syahira Mohd Suhaimi; Tien Han Chua
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (763.579 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1577

Abstract

This paper presents the designs of phase shifters for multi-beam Nolen matrix towards the fifth generation (5G) technology at 26 GHz. The low-cost, lightweight and compact size 0° and 45° loaded stubs and chamfered 90°, 135° and 180° Schiffman phase shifters are proposed at 26 GHz. An edge at a corner of the 50 Ω microstrip line Schiffman phase shifter is chamfered to reduce the excess capacitance and unwanted reflection. However, the Schiffman phase shifter topology is not relevant to be applied for the phase shifter less than 45° as it needs very small arc bending at 26 GHz. The stubs are loaded to the phase shifter in order to obtain electrical lengths, which are less than 45°. The proposed phase shifters provide return loss better than 10 dB, insertion loss of -0.97 dB and phase difference imbalance of ± 4.04° between 25.75GHz and 26.25 GHz. The Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and substrate thickness of 0.254 mm is implemented in the designs.
Magnetic resonance coupling for 5G WPT applications Saidatul Izyanie Kamarudin; A. Ismail; A. Sali; M. Y. Ahmad
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (710.252 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1582

Abstract

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) is the most popular and common technology for the resonance coupling power transfer. However, in 2007 it has experimentally demonstrated by a research group from Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT) that WPT can be improved by using Magnetic Resonance Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (MRC WPT) in terms of the coupling distance and efficiency. Furthermore, by exploiting the unused, high-frequency mm-wave band which are ranging from 3~300 GHz frequency band, the next 5G generations of wireless networks will be able to support a higher number of devices with the increasing data rate, higher energy efficiency and also compatible with the previous technology. In this work, a square planar inductor with the dimension of 6.1 x 6.1 mm is designed, and the resonators have the same self-resonance frequency at 14 GHz. The coil resonators have been laid on Silicon and Oxide substrate to reduce the loss in the design. From the CST software simulation and the analytical model in MATLAB software, it has been shown that the MRC WPT design has improved the performance of IWPT design by 40% power transfer efficiency. MRC WPT design also has larger H-Field value which is 705.5 A/m, as compared to the IWPT design which has only 285.6 A/m when both Transmitter(Tx) and Reciever(RX) is at 0.3 mm coupling distance.